Top Research Papers on Quantum Computing

An attempt was made to compile information about quantum computers in a consistent logical scheme, in which at a basic level, without deep immersion in mathematics and the structure of the quantum world, it was explained what a quantum computer is, what principles it works on.

This fundamental gives a brief overview of the three layers of a quantum computer: hardware, system software, and application layer.

It is sure that quantum computing will be the main driver for a new software engineering golden age during the present decade of the 2020s, due to its various promising applications.

A state-of-the-art analysis of accurate energy measurements on a quantum computer for computational catalysis, using improved quantum algorithms with more than an order of magnitude improvement over the best previous algorithms.

The classical techniques used by the financial industry is outlined and the potential advantages and limitations of quantum techniques are discussed, as well as challenges that physicists could help tackle.

An end-to-end workflow for solving a problem in condensed matter physics on a quantum computer that serves to highlight some of Qiskit's capabilities, for example the representation and optimization of circuits at various abstraction levels, its scalability and retargetability to new gates, and the use of quantum-classical computations via dynamic circuits.

This review presents strategies employed to construct quantum algorithms for quantum chemistry, with the goal that quantum computers will eventually answer presently inaccessible questions, for example, in transition metal catalysis or important biochemical reactions.

The use of microwave signals and systems in quantum computing are reviewed, with specific reference to three leading quantum computing platforms: trapped atomic ion qubits, spin qubits in semiconductors, and superconducting qubits.

This work introduces the concept of a "qubit excitation", which compared to a fermionic excitation, does not account for fermionics anti-commutation relations, and constructs circuits, optimized in terms of CNOT gates, that perform single and double qubit excitations.

This review provides a self‐contained introduction to emerging algorithms for the simulation of Hamiltonian dynamics and eigenstates, with emphasis on their applications to the electronic structure in molecular systems.

The aim of this review is to introduce the promise and limitations of emerging quantum computing technologies in the areas of computational molecular biology and bioinformatics.

Quantum computers can in principle solve certain problems exponentially more quickly than their classical counterparts. We have not yet reached the advent of useful quantum computation, but when we do, it will affect nearly all scientific disciplines. In this review, we examine how current quantum algorithms could revolutionize computational biology and bioinformatics. There are potential benefits across the entire field, from the ability to process vast amounts of information and run machine learning algorithms far more efficiently, to algorithms for quantum simulation that are poised to impr...

It is found that standard error metrics are poor predictors of whether a program will run successfully on today’s hardware, and that current processors vary widely in their sensitivity to program structure.

This Letter introduces cluster parameters K and d of a quantum circuit and proposes a cluster simulation scheme that can simulate any (K,d)-clustered quantum circuit on a d-qubit machine in time roughly 2^{O(K)}, with further speedups possible when taking more fine-grained circuit structure into account.

This work presents a quantum embedding theory for the calculation of strongly-correlated electronic states of active regions, with the rest of the system described within density functional theory, and performs calculations on quantum computers and shows that they yield results in agreement with those obtained with exact diagonalization on classical architectures.

A hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for solving many-electron problems is developed, enabling the simulation, with the aid of 16 qubits on a quantum processor, of chemical systems with up to 120 orbitals.

The book series Quantum Science and Technology is dedicated to one of today's most active and rapidly expanding fields of research and development.In particular, the series will be a showcase for the growing number of experimental implementations and practical applications of quantum systems.These will include, but are not restricted to: quantum information processing, quantum computing, and quantum simulation; quantum communication and quantum cryptography; entanglement and other quantum resources; quantum interfaces and hybrid quantum systems; quantum memories and quantum repeaters; measurem...

A brief review on the experimental efforts towards the large-scale superconducting quantum computer, including qubit design, quantum control, readout techniques, and the implementations of error correction and quantum algorithms is provided.

Nowadays, quantum computing has reached the engineering phase, with fully-functional quantum processors integrating hundreds of noisy qubits. Yet – to fully unveil the potential of quantum computing out of the labs into the business reality – the challenge ahead is to substantially scale the qubit number, reaching orders of magnitude exceeding thousands of fault-tolerant qubits. To this aim, the distributed quantum computing paradigm is recognized as the key solution for scaling the number of qubits. Indeed, accordingly to such a paradigm, multiple small-to-moderate-scale quantum processors co...

This paper identifies 24 different use cases of quantum computing and proposes an application-centric approach for the industrialization of the technology based on proven business impact by formalizing high-value use cases into well-described reference problems and benchmarks.

A quantum computation scheme where the same measurements used to generate entanglement can also be used to achieve fault-tolerance leading to an increased tolerance to errors leading to a model for fault tolerant quantum computing constructed from physical primitives readily accessible in photonic systems.

Three types of near-term opportunities resulting from advances in quantum computing: quantum-safe encryption, material and drug discovery, and quantum-inspired algorithms are identified.

The main characteristics of these devices from atoms / qubits to application interfaces are reviewed, and a classification of a wide variety of tasks that can already be addressed in a computationally efficient manner in the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum era is proposed.

This work improves the quality of quantum circuits on superconducting quantum computing systems, as measured by the quantum volume (QV), with a combination of dynamical decoupling, compiler optimizations, shorter two-qubit gates, and excited state promoted readout.

This work develops a two-dimensional programmable superconducting quantum processor, Zuchongzhi, which is composed of 66 functional qubits in a tunable coupling architecture and establishes an unambiguous quantum computational advantage that is infeasible for classical computation in a reasonable amount of time.

This work first provides an accessible introduction to quantum embedding kernels and then analyzes the practical issues arising when realizing them on a noisy near-term quantum computer, focusing on quantumembedding kernels with variational parameters.

Polariton lasers emit coherent monochromatic light through a spontaneous emission process. As a rare example of a system in which Bose–Einstein condensation and superfluidity are reported at room temperature, polariton lasers are interesting for fundamental research and offer potential for applications in classical and quantum information technologies. In the past 10 years, new material systems have emerged for polariton lasers, such as organic molecules, transition metal dichalcogenides, perovskites and liquid-crystal microcavities. In this Review, we discuss these emerging platforms in the c...

The theoretical underpinning of quantum random sampling in terms of computational complexity and verifiability, as well as the practical aspects of its experimental implementation using superconducting and photonic devices and its classical simulation are reviewed.

Abstract Exciton-polariton condensates have attractive features for quantum computation, e.g., room temperature operation, high dynamical speed, ease of probe, and existing fabrication techniques. Here, we present a complete theoretical scheme of quantum computing with exciton-polariton condensates formed in semiconductor micropillars. Quantum fluctuations on top of the condensates are shown to realize qubits, which are externally controllable by applied laser pulses. Quantum tunneling and nonlinear interactions between the condensates allow SWAP, square-root-SWAP and controlled-NOT gate opera...

This work demonstrates that real quantum computers can be simulated at a tiny fraction of the cost that would be needed for a perfect quantum computer, and finds that $\epsilon$ can be decreased at a polynomial cost in computing power down to a minimum error.

Two synthesizers are presented, one optimal and one approximate but nearly optimal, which outperforms some leading heuristic approaches and reduces time and space complexity exponentially compared to some leading optimal approaches to layout synthesis.

A methodology to price options and portfolios of options on a gate-based quantum computer using amplitude estimation, an algorithm which provides a quadratic speedup compared to classical Monte Carlo methods.

The potential for quantum computing to aid in the merging of insights across different areas of biological sciences is discussed.

The progress achieved in the field of quantum computation is discussed by reviewing the most important algorithms and advances in the most promising technical routes, and then summarizing the next-stage challenges.

The great promise of quantum computers comes with the dual challenges of building them and finding their useful applications. We argue that these two challenges should be considered together, by codesigning full-stack quantum computer systems along with their applications in order to hasten their development and potential for scientific discovery. In this context, we identify scientific and community needs, opportunities, a sampling of a few use case studies, and significant challenges for the development of quantum computers for science over the next 2–10 years. This document is written by a ...

Gaussian boson sampling was performed by sending 50 indistinguishable single-mode squeezed states into a 100-mode ultralow-loss interferometer with full connectivity and random matrix and sampling the output using 100 high-efficiency single-photon detectors, and the obtained samples were validated against plausible hypotheses exploiting thermal states, distinguishable photons, and uniform distribution.

Many-body open quantum systems balance internal dynamics against decoherence\nfrom interactions with an environment. Here, we explore this balance via random\nquantum circuits implemented on a trapped ion quantum computer, where the\nsystem evolution is represented by unitary gates with interspersed projective\nmeasurements. As the measurement rate is varied, a purification phase\ntransition is predicted to emerge at a critical point akin to a fault-tolerent\nthreshold. We probe the "pure" phase, where the system is rapidly projected to\na deterministic state conditioned on the measurement out...

CutQC is introduced, a scalable hybrid computing approach that combines classical computers and quantum computers to enable evaluation of quantum circuits that cannot be run on classical or quantum computers alone and offers significant runtime speedup compared with the only viable current alternative—purely classical simulations.

Quantum information processing based on Rydberg atoms emerged as a promising direction two decades ago. Recent experimental and theoretical progresses have shined exciting light on this avenue. In this concise review, we will briefly introduce the basics of Rydberg atoms and their recent applications in associated areas of neutral atom quantum computation and simulation. We shall also include related discussions on quantum optics with Rydberg atomic ensembles, which are increasingly used to explore quantum computation and quantum simulation with photons.

This pedagogical review presents the geometric approach to complexity advocated by Nielsen and shows how it can be used to define complexity for generic quantum systems; in particular, it focuses on Gaussian states in QFT, both pure and mixed, and on certain classes of CFT states.