Top Research Papers on Rice

The issue of MeHg-contaminated rice, and the current understanding of the Hg cycling in the rice paddy ecosystem are presented, including the mechanism and processes of Hg species accumulation in rice plants and Hg methylation/demethylation processes in rice paddies and the primary controlling factors are presented.

It was concluded that three main problems in the current breeding of rice blast resistance are availability of few R (resistance) genes that confer resistance to both seedling and panicle blast, the resistance effect of pyramided lines is not the result of a simple accumulation of resistance spectrum, and only a few R genes have been successfully used for molecular breeding.

Experimental results analysis demonstrates that the proposed Rice-Fusion multimodal data fusion framework outperforms the outcome of unimodal frameworks in rice disease diagnosis.

Abstract Pot experiments were carried out to study the effects of rice straw (RS) and rice straw ash (RSA) on the growth of early rice and α-diversity of bacterial community in soils around rare earth mining areas of Xunwu and Xinfeng counties in South Jiangxi of China. The results showed that the exploitation of rare earth resources leads to soil pollution around rare earth mining areas and affects the growth of rice, and the content of rare earth elements (REEs) in rice was positively correlated with that in soils and negative correlated with dry weight of rice; The addition of RS to soils a...

Results indicates that the Yangtze River basin, especially Hunan, required more attention due to the elevated Cd concentrations in soil-rice ecosystems, and will provide a scientific reference for Cd pollution control and management with respect to paddy field ecosystems in China and other countries.

Torrefaction is an effective pretreatment process of biomass to enhance energy density and reduce moisture and oxygen contents. The kinetics analysis is important to estimate the torrefaction efficiency and understand the thermal degradation characteristics of torrefied biomass. In this study, the pyrolysis kinetics (Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose​ method, and Starink's method) of rice husk (RH), rice straw (RS), and their torrefied solid products were investigated under different heating rates. The results demonstrated that the increase of torrefaction temperature decreased...

This study conducted an extensive literature review on rice husk ash (RHA), with a focus on its particle properties and their effects on the fresh, mechanical, and durability properties of concrete when used as a partial cement replacement. The pozzolanic property of RHA is determined by its amorphous silica content, specific surface area, and particle fineness, which can be improved by using controlled combustion and grinding for use in concrete. RHA particle microstructures are typically irregular in shape, with porous structures on the surface, non-uniform in dispersion, and discrete throug...

Globally, protecting the environment is one of the major concerns and there is a need for an hour to accomplish the same by dropping numerous harmful activities such as less dependence on fossil fuels and tailpipe emissions. Additionally, a huge investment made on waste disposal is particularly not economical; but recycling is from the viewpoint of producing energy from renewable resources. These further result in the development of society in an eco-friendly way. Exploiting biodegradable wastes like agricultural or forestry residues, a non-edible portion is value-added biological products (bi...

A genome-scale gene expression resource covering the inflorescence-to-floret transition during early reproductive development is constructed, and it is demonstrated that a WOX transcription factor, DWARF TILLER1 (DWT1), regulates flower meristem activity.

Recent advances in studies on molecular interactions between rice and R. solani are summarized and multiple effective strategies have been developed to generate rice cultivars with enhanced sheath blight resistance.

Rice is food consumed regularly and is vital for the food security of over half the world’s population. Rice production on a global scale is predicted to rise by 58 to 567 million tonnes (Mt) by 2030. Rice contains a significant number of calories and a wide variety of essential vitamins, minerals, and other nutritional values. Its nutrients are superior to those found in maize, wheat, and potatoes. It is also recognised as a great source of vitamin E and B5 as well as carbohydrates, thiamine, calcium, folate, and iron. Phytic acid and phenols are among the phenolic compounds found in rice, al...

A framework that maps the activities defined in rice smart farming, data used in data modelling and machine learning algorithms used for each activity defined in the production and post-production phases of paddy rice is presented.

This graph-based super pan-genome of rice consisting of a 251-accession panel comprising both cultivated and wild species of Asian and African rice reveals extensive structural variations (SVs) and gene presence/absence variations and facilitates pinpointing of lineage-specific haplotypes for trait-associated genes.

Rice is generally sensitive to chilling stress, which seriously affects growth and yield. Since early in the last century, considerable efforts have been made to understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the response to chilling stress and improve rice chilling tolerance. Here, we review the research trends and advances in this field. The phenotypic and biochemical changes caused by cold stress and the physiological explanations are briefly summarized. Using published data from the past 20 years, we reviewed the past progress and important techniques in the identificatio...

Abstract Rice production and research have met unprecedented challenges in recent years. Yield and total production have plateaued for many years in some major producing rice‐producing countries while the demand from populations in poverty is ever increasing. For example, more than 100 million additional people became extremely poor, mostly from Asia and sub‐Saharan Africa in 2020 alone. Rice is not only the calorie source for half of the global population but also the key staple food for the world's poorest and undernourished people living in Asia and Africa. In this review, we have analysed ...

The resulting suite of plant prime editors enable point mutations, insertions and deletions in rice and wheat protoplasts through codon, promoter, and editing-condition optimization.

Instant (pre-cooked) rice contained fourfold higher levels of plastics, suggesting that industrial processing potentially increases contamination, and washing the rice with water significantly reduced plastic contamination.

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses which impose constraints to plant growth and production. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple food crops and a model monocot plant. Its production is expanding into regions that are affected by soil salinity, requiring cultivars more tolerant to saline conditions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of such tolerance could lay a foundation for varietal improvement of salt tolerance in rice. In spite of extensive studies exploring the mechanism of salt tolerance, there has been limited progress in breeding for increased sali...

Irrigated rice-growing communities in sub-Saharan Africa are exposed to greater malaria risk, as well as more mosquitoes, and there is an urgent need to improve methods for growing rice without producing mosquitoes.

The identification and characterization of the produced mycotoxins and their biosynthetic pathways in U. virens highlights the pathogen a unique tool to unveil novel mechanisms for the interactions beteen nonobligate biotrophic pathogens and their hosts.

This review of major genetics and statistical factors affecting predictive performance as well as current progress in the application of genomic selection to rice breeding envision that integrating GS with other advanced breeding technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles and open-source breeding platforms will further improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of breeding.

This review highlights the current findings ofgrain appearance control, including a detailed description of the key genes involved in the formation of grain appearance, and the major environmental factors affecting chalkiness.

A high concentration of toxic heavy metal cadmium (Cd) in the paddy soils and its translocation and subsequent accumulation in the rice grain and the food chain is a global environmental issue. Mechanistic understanding of soil properties that affects the uptake and translocation of Cd in rice may help to reduce Cd uptake by rice plants and its accumulation in the grains. This review discusses the known and unknown soil and plant factors involved in the transportation of Cd from the soil through roots into rice grains. Various management practices to remediate Cd from contaminated soil are kno...

Amongst the agronomic strategies in diminishing the uptake and accumulation of As in rice, using microalgae and bacteria is the most efficient.

This work reconstructs the history of rice dispersal in Asia using whole-genome sequences of more than 1,400 landraces, coupled with geographic, environmental, archaeobotanical and paleoclimate data, and identifies extrinsic factors that influence genome diversity.

Abstract Future rice systems must produce more grain while minimizing the negative environmental impacts. A key question is how to orient agricultural research & development (R&D) programs at national to global scales to maximize the return on investment. Here we assess yield gap and resource-use efficiency (including water, pesticides, nitrogen, labor, energy, and associated global warming potential) across 32 rice cropping systems covering half of global rice harvested area. We show that achieving high yields and high resource-use efficiencies are not conflicting goals. Most cropping...

Methyl jasmonate improved yield of both rice varieties under arsenic toxicity by alleviating oxidative stress through increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and ASA–GSH cycle and decreasing As accumulation by modulating As transporters.

This review discusses the recent advances in the management of iAs in rice plants emphasizing the use of nanotechnology and biotechnology approaches and the prospects and challenges facing these approaches are described.

In 2005, the current commonly used rice reference genome (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare) was initially released by the International Rice Genome Sequencing Project (International Rice Genome Sequencing Project, 2005International Rice Genome Sequencing ProjectThe map-based sequence of the rice genome.Nature. 2005; 436: 793-800https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03895Crossref PubMed Scopus (3053) Google Scholar). Thereafter, the reference genome was further updated in 2013 with improved genome assembly (IRGSP-1.0) and gene annotations (MSU7, RAP-DB) (Kawahara et al., 2013Kawahara Y. de la ...

It is concluded that besides representing a staple food, rice has the potential to become a source of various essential nutrients or bioactive compounds through appropriate genetic improvements to benefit human health and prevent certain chronic diseases.

Preserved ancient botanical evidence in the form of rice phytoliths has confirmed that people farmed domesticated rice in the interior of Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, by at least 3,500 years ago, helping to resolve a mystery about one of the region’s major events in natural and cultural history.

This review summarizes progress in the breeding of salt-tolerant rice and in the mapping and cloning of genes and quantitative trait loci associated with salt tolerance in rice, providing a reference for efforts aimed at rapidly and precisely cultivating salt-Tolerance rice varieties.

This work uses chemically modified donor DNA and CRISPR–Cas9 to insert sequences of up to 2,049 base pairs into the rice genome at an efficiency of 25% and reports a method for gene replacement that relies on homology-directed repair, chemically modified donors DNA and the presence of tandem repeats at target sites.

Abstract There is an urgent need for agricultural systems to intensify sustainably, increasing crop productivity, farmer livelihoods and soil health while using fewer resources. Crop perennialization, the conversion of especially annual grains to perennial forms, has shown such possibility. Here we report the successful breeding of perennial rice and assess its performance and potential. Domesticated, annual Asian rice ( Oryza sativa ) was hybridized with its perennial African relative Oryza longistaminata . From a single planting, irrigated perennial rice produced grain for eight consecutive ...

Rice paddies supply half the global population with staple food, but also account for ~48% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from croplands. In this Review, we outline the characteristics of GHG emissions (CH4 and N2O) from paddy soils, focusing on climate change effects and mitigation strategies. Global mean annual area-scaled and yield-scaled GHG emissions are ~7,870 kg CO2e ha−1 and 0.9 kg CO2e kg−1, respectively, with 94% from CH4. However, emissions vary markedly, primarily reflecting the impact of management practices. In particular, organic matter additions and continuous flooding of pa...

Sustainability of traditionally cultivated rice in the rice-wheat cropping zone (RWCZ) of Pakistan is dwindling due to the high cost of production, declining water resources and escalating labour availability. Thus, farmers and researchers are compelled to find promising alternatives to traditional transplanted rice (TPR). A field study was conducted in Punjab, Pakistan, in 2017 and 2018 to explore the trade-offs between water saving and paddy yield, water productivity and economics of two aromatic rice varieties under dry direct seeded rice (DDSR) and TPR. The experiment was comprised of thre...

It is shown that OsNRAMP1 was able to transport Cd and manganese (Mn) when expressed in yeast, but did not transport Fe or As, and contributes significantly to the uptake of Mn and Cd in rice.

This review summarises current progress on transcriptional and post‐transcriptional regulation of heading date in rice, with emphasis on post-translational modifications of key regulators, including Heading date 1 (Hd1), Early heading date1 (Ehd1), Grain number, plant height, and heading date7 (Ghd7).

In this review, a great progress has been made during last two decades in understanding of the mechanisms involved in adaptation and tolerance to drought stress in rice, and the recent progresses in physiological, biochemical and molecular adaptation of rice to drought tolerance are highlighted.

It is demonstrated that a partial loss-of-function allele of the SL biosynthesis gene, HIGH TILLERING and DWARF 1/DWARF 17 (HTD1/D17), which encodes CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 7 (CCD7), increases tiller number and improves grain yield in rice.