Top Research Papers on Space

The theory of the causal structure of a general space-time is developed, and is used to study black holes and to prove a number of theorems establishing the inevitability of singualarities under certain conditions.

This paper adapts Mamba, a state-space language model, into VMamba, a vision backbone with linear time complexity, which develops a family of VMamba architectures and accelerate them through a succession of architectural and implementation enhancements.

This work shows that one can match the performance of S4 even without the low rank correction and thus assuming the state matrices to be diagonal, and proposes a new diagonal state space model (DSS) that is conceptually simpler and straightforward to implement.

Drawing on the phenomenological tradition in the philosophy of science and philosophy of nature, Patrick Heelan concludes that perception is a cognitive, world-building act, and is therefore never absolute or finished.

ABSTRACT From an economic point of view, we can distinguish three successive phases in the development of space business. In the first phase, space activities were government driven and based upon national prestige, and were financed with public money. In a second phase, large space companies, as a reaction against reduced government space funding, responded to a market demand and used their own funds or debt financing to perform commercial space business. Since approximately the year 2000, we note a third phase, whereby entrepreneurs acquire equity funding to develop independently space appli...

Urban green space is an essential form of infrastructure for cities, providing a significant spatial guarantee for sustainable urban development, an essential ecological, social, and cultural function, and an important symbol of urban modernisation and civilisation. However, with the development of cities, urban problems are becoming more serious, such as the increase in impervious surfaces and urban heat islands and the decrease in urban green space and liveability. Therefore, this study integrates the theories and methods of landscape ecology and spatial syntax with GIS technology to constru...

Ranging from Richardson's "Pamela" up to 1914, this remarkable book explores the house both in the 'real' world of the architect, and in the fictional world of the novelist. This book should be of interest to students of English literature, social history, architectural history.

importance of space based essentially on several principles. They represent a national consensus on space policy and strategy that extends now over half a century. They are as follows: • Space is essential to national security; • Space should be open to peaceful uses by all nations for the benefit of all humanity; • " Peaceful uses " includes U.S. defense-and intelligence-related activities; • Military superiority in space by another nation would be a direct military threat to the United States; • We reject any claims to sovereignty by other nations over outer space or celestial bodies; and • ...

This work identifies that a key weakness of subquadratic-time models based on Transformer architecture is their inability to perform content-based reasoning, and integrates selective SSMs into a simplified end-to-end neural network architecture without attention or even MLP blocks (Mamba).

The medical contents are trifold structured, starting with the well-being of space travelers, followed by medical formulation research under space conditions, and then concluding with a blueprint for space pharmaceutical manufacturing.

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The goal is to summarise emerging research studies, contextualise promising findings, and discuss underway strategies to address some specific space-related problems to address the relevance of graphene in the wide scenario of the space economy.

It is shown that all combinations of paired data are not necessary to train a joint embedding, and only image-paired data is sufficient to bind the modalities together, and that ImageBind serves as a new way to evaluate vision models for visual and non-visual tasks.

Space Weather is the study of the conditions in the solar wind that can affect life on the surface of the Earth, particularly the increasingly technologically sophisticated devices that are part of modern life. Solar radio observations are relevant to such phenomena because they generally originate as events in the solar atmosphere, including flares, coronal mass ejections and shocks, that produce electromagnetic and particle radiations that impact the Earth. Low frequency solar radio emission arises in the solar atmosphere at the levels where these events occur: we can use frequency as a dire...

A Space-Time U-Net architecture that generates the entire temporal duration of the video at once, through a single pass in the model, in contrast to existing video models which synthesize distant keyframes followed by temporal super-resolution.

The interpretation and the analysis of physical spaces is generated from the symmetry axiom which is valid in geographical spaces but might not be valid in other forms of spaces, the so called non-geographical ones. In the case of such spaces which can be expressed by time, network and cost, the opposite of symmetry can be found: distance asymmetry which means that the distance from one object to another and back are not equal. This research is motivated by the fact that while distance symmetry has been widely studied distance asymmetry has been not investigated in suburban areas of Győr. The ...

The goal of this note is to prove the Half Space Property for $RCD(0,N)$ spaces, namely that if $(X,d,m)$ is a parabolic $RCD(0,N)$ space and $ C \subset X \times \mathbb{R}$ is locally the boundary of a locally perimeter minimizing set and it is contained in a half space, then $C$ is a locally finite union of horizontal slices. If the assumption of local perimeter minimizing is strengthened into global perimeter minimizing, then the conclusion can be strengthened into uniqueness of the horizontal slice. As a consequence, we obtain oscillation estimates and a Half Space Theorem for minimal hyp...

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least 4 m. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the 6.5 m James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 yr, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to th...

This work presents a novel video-based visual-spatial intelligence benchmark (VSI-Bench) of over 5,000 question-answer pairs, and finds that MLLMs exhibit competitive - though subhuman - visual-spatial intelligence.

This paper proposes a new generic vision backbone with bidirectional Mamba blocks (Vim), which marks the image sequences with position embeddings and compresses the visual representation with bidirectional state space models and has great potential to be the next-generation backbone for vision foundation models.

This paper focuses on stereovision-based tracking algorithms with higher detectability and tracking accuracy in SBSS tasks in order to identify an optimal tracking solution for Space Domain Awareness (SDA), which could support future Space Traffic Management (STM) operations.

Die Umnutzung von Sakralräumen durch Religionsgemeinschaften anderer kultureller, konfessioneller und religiöser Prägung eröffnet neue Chancen für die interreligiöse Konvivenz. Das Raumkonzept Shared Space gibt inspirierende Anregungen für die innen- und außenarchitektonischen Raumtransformationen, aber auch für Perspektiven, die durch Umnutzungen für gesellschaftliche,interreligiöstheologische und spirituelle Kooperationsräume entstehen können.

Let (X,ρ,μ)$({\mathcal {X}},\rho ,\mu )$ be a space of homogeneous type in the sense of Coifman and Weiss, and let Y(X)$Y({\mathcal {X}})$ be a ball quasi‐Banach function space on X${\mathcal {X}}$ , which supports both a Fefferman–Stein vector‐valued maximal inequality and the boundedness of the powered Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator on its associate space. The authors first introduce the Hardy space HY∗(X)$H_{Y}^*({\mathcal {X}})$ , associated with Y(X)$Y({\mathcal {X}})$ , via the grand maximal function and then establish its various real‐variable characterizations, respectively, in term...

This work innovatively adapts the Mamba to the video domain, offering a scalable and efficient solution for comprehensive video understanding that overcomes the limitations of existing 3D convolution neural networks and video transformers.

Today's LLMs learn rich spatiotemporal representations of the real world and possess basic ingredients of a world model, according to a analysis of three spatial and temporal datasets in the Llama-2 family of models.

A novel probabilistic space-grounding methodology (LINGO-Space) that accurately identifies a probabilistic distribution of space being referred to and incrementally updates it, given subsequent referring expressions leveraging configurable polar distributions is proposed.

Can there be a structure space-type theory for an arbitrary class of ideals of a ring? The ideal spaces introduced in this paper allows such a study and our theory includes (but not restricted to) prime, maximal, minimal prime, strongly irreducible, irreducible, completely irreducible, proper, minimal, primary, nil, nilpotent, regular, radical, principal, finitely generated ideals. We characterise ideal spaces that are sober. We introduce the notion of a strongly disconnected spaces and show that for a ring with zero Jacobson radical, strongly disconnected ideal spaces containing all maximal i...

This paper introduces WaRP, the weight space rotation process, which transforms the original parameter space into a new space so that the model can push most of the previous knowledge compactly into only a few important parameters.

Following van Douwen, we call a soft topological space soft nodec if every soft nowhere dense subset of it is soft closed. This paper considers soft nodec spaces, which contain soft submaximal and soft door spaces. We investigate the basic properties and characterizations of soft nodec spaces. More precisely, we show that a soft nodec space can be written as a union of two disjoint soft closed soft dense (or soft open) soft nodec subspaces. Then, we study the behavior of soft nodec spaces under various operations, including the following: taking soft subspaces, soft products, soft topological ...

The theory and practice of diffusion-based generative models are currently unnecessarily convoluted and the design changes dramatically improve both the efficiency and quality obtainable with pre-trained score networks from previous work, including improving the FID of a previously trained ImageNet-64 model.

A digital hardware platform is developed and the space multistructure attractors as well as the space coexisting attractors are experimentally demonstrated and a pseudorandom number generator is designed to explore the potential application of the proposed TM-HNN.

As the authors try to distinguish hope from hype in the promises made about smart medical devices, it's important to remember that DIY medical technologies are neither wholly new nor wholly liberating, and in offering means for circumventing physicians, they may well expose patients to new costs and new risks.

The results demonstrate that the evaluation of the characteristics of the physical spaces is fundamental: behavioral, technical-constructive aspects, environmental and comfort characteristics, make the architecture of health environments able to contribute to reducing the sources that cause stress also in those who work there.

Aim: The issue of space debris (or space junk) is an important aspect of the sustainability of space. If not properly managed, the accumulation of space debris could make some orbital paths too dangerous to use, potentially limiting our ability to explore and utilize space. This study aims to gain a better understanding of the space debris problem. Design / Research methods: This article is based on a review of official statistics, policy papers, and media coverage related to the topic of space debris. Findings: The data shows that intentional and non-intentional debris-creating events are sti...

Throughout their life cycle, space launch vehicles impact their local and global environments on Earth and in space. Given the space industry’s projected growth, recent literature suggests that the atmospheric consequences of these activities are understudied and insufficiently addressed. Rockets uniquely emit combustion gases and particles into distinct layers of the atmosphere, inducing effects that include perturbations of ozone chemistry and of Earth’s energy balance through radiative forcing. International environmental regulations do not presently address rocket emissions and only scarce...

This work proposes to apply flow matching in the latent spaces of pretrained autoencoders, which offers improved computational efficiency and scalability for high-resolution image synthesis and stands as a pioneering contribution in the integration of various conditions into flow matching for conditional generation tasks.

Deep neck infections such as parotid abscesses are medical emergencies with a seemingly different etiology and treatment course from other DNIs, and K. pneumoniae was independently associated with parotoid space involvement in comparisons of the PS and NPS groups, PS-single and Nps-single subgroups, and PS-multiple andNPS-multiple subgroups.

This model uses planes to represent a d-dimensional scene, providing a seamless way to go from static to dynamic scenes, and uses a linear feature decoder with a learned color basis that yields similar performance as a nonlinear black-box MLP decoder.

Background. The Main Tools. The Irreducibility and Strong Irreducibility of Operators. The Strongly Irreducible Operator in Some Classes of Operators. The Spectral Pictures of Strongly Irreducible Operators and the Approximate Jordan Decomposition Theorem. Compact Perturbations of Strongly Irreducible Operators. Strongly Irreducible Operators in Nest Algebras. Some Other Results about Strongly Irreducible Operators. References.

Analysis of state-space models reveals that SSMs have similar expressiveness limitations to non-recurrent models like transformers, which may fundamentally limit their ability to solve real-world state-tracking problems.

The spaces of pointwise multipliers on Morrey spaces are described in terms of Morrey spaces, their preduals, and vector-valued Morrey spaces introduced by Ho. This paper covers weak Morrey spaces as well. The result in the present paper completes the characterization of the earlier works of the first author’s papers written in 1997 and 2000, as well as Lemarié-Rieusset’s 2013 paper. As a corollary, the main result in the present paper shows that different quasi-Banach lattices can create the same vector-valued Morrey spaces. The goal of the present paper is to provide a complete picture of th...

Simulation results indicate that the capturing operation may cause complicated dynamic behaviors such as the vibration of elastic links and the continuous collision of the target, and the control method effectively off-sets the capture impact on the space robot system.

In this article, algebraic characterisations of J-spaces and C-normal spaces are exhibited. The concept of a Z-connected ideal in C(X) is presented and characterised using certain connected subsets of X. We define the class of JC-spaces and characterise its members via Z-connected ideals. Two more classes of ideals in C(X), namely the coz-free and F-free ideals, are instituted. These types of ideals are used to establish conditions under which a given space is a strong J-space. We introduce the notion of a J-lattice and show that the lattice, CL(X), of closed subsets of X is a J-lattic...

Quantum theory has been successfully validated in numerous laboratory experiments. But would such a theory, which effectively describes the behavior of microscopic physical systems and its predicted phenomena such as quantum entanglement, still be applicable on large length scales? From a practical perspective, how can quantum key distribution (where the security of establishing secret keys between distant parties is ensured by the laws of quantum mechanics) be made technologically useful on a global scale? Owing to photon loss in optical fibers and terrestrial free space, the achievable dista...

A fourth meningeal layer called the subarachnoid lymphatic-like membrane (SLYM) is found in the human and mouse brain and represents a tight barrier for solutes of more than 3 kilodaltons, effectively subdividing the subarshipnoid space into two different compartments.

Summary In the visual arts, the constructions of the spatial and chromatic structures of pictures can hardly be separated from each other. The phenomenological approach from the perspective of the arts provides an independent and worthwhile approach to the topic of colour and space. We address some matters of composition in design and, to some extent, in naturalistic painting. The phenomenological approach from the perspective of the arts reveals various topics that invite further investigation by the means of generic vision science. However, although such studies might lead to increased acade...

The proposed SVDiff method involves fine-tuning the singular values of the weight matrices, leading to a compact and efficient parameter space that reduces the risk of overfitting and language-drifting, making it more practical for real-world applications.

We give a short introduction to the theory of modular metric spaces. This is a corrected version of the paper [1], which had some errors. We are grateful to V. V. Chistyakov for bringing these to our attention.

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained the ability to assimilate human knowledge and facilitate natural language interactions with both humans and other LLMs. However, despite their impressive achievements, LLMs have not made significant advancements in the realm of graph machine learning. This limitation arises because graphs encapsulate distinct relational data, making it challenging to transform them into natural language that LLMs understand. In this paper, we bridge this gap with a novel framework, GraphText, that translates graphs into natural language. GraphText derives a graph-syntax...

In this note we prove the Banach space properties of the homogeneous Newton-Sobolev spaces $HN^{1,p}(X)$ of functions on an unbounded metric measure space $X$ equipped with a doubling measure supporting a $p$-Poincar\'e inequality, and show that when $1<p<\infty$, even with the lack of global $L^p$-integrability of functions in $HN^{1,p}(X)$, we have that every bounded sequence in $HN^{1,p}(X)$ has a strongly convergent convex-combination subsequence. The analogous properties for the inhomogeneous Newton-Sobolev classes $N^{1,p}(X)$ are proven elsewhere in existing literature