Top Research Papers on Vaccines

The current situation underlines the need for access, demand and system strengthening to be addressed along with local priorities for justice to be achieved, and several recommendations are made to govern towards justice.

Although VL plays a role in determining the level of vaccine hesitancy across various populations, the association remains unclear.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of mRNA, circRNA, and saRNA vaccines for infectious diseases while also discussing their development, current applications, and challenges.

COVID-19 vaccination information campaigns should promote group strategies, focusing on emphasising the safety of the vaccine and offer reassurance, especially to women.

There is (urgent) need for the Ministry of Health and Social Services to be consistent in issuing hands on statements timeously to the public at every step of the crisis/pandemic development.

This study in a nationwide mass vaccination setting suggests that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is effective for a wide range of Covid-19–related outcomes, a finding consistent with that of the randomized trial.

Examination of the association between COVID-19 vaccination with an mRNA vaccine or an inactivated virus vaccine and the subsequent risk for carditis finds that the results could be useful for public health policymakers to weigh the risk and benefit of population-wide COIDs19 vaccination programs.

Key historical lessons learned with prophylactic vaccines are examined with reflections on current healthcare dilemmas and controversies with respect to influenza and COVID-19 vaccines.

Limited available data suggest lower vaccine e ectiveness against COVID-19 illness and hospitalization among immunocompromised people, and several small studies of heterologous CO VID-19 vaccination series found that a dose of adenovirus vector vaccine followed by a doseof mRNA vaccine elicits antibody responses at least as high as two doses of mRNA vaccine.

A snapshot of the advantages of VLP-based vaccines such as hybrid/mosaic VLPs over conventional vaccine approaches such as live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines is concluded.

The impact of government-mandated proof of vaccination requirements for access to public venues and non-essential businesses on COVID-19 vaccine uptake is estimated to have led to about 289,000 additional first-dose vaccinations in Canada as of September 30, 2021.

How advancements in vaccine technology, combined with a deeper understanding of pathogen–host interactions, offer exciting and promising avenues for the development of new and improved vaccines are described.

The results showed that the most important emotional and cognitive factors associated with hesitancy were anger related to a perceived sense of oppression; emotional avoidance to minimize risk; anxiety related to potential vaccine side effects.

The authors conducted a US national survey to understand the health literacy of adults regarding the vaccine, as well as their COVID-19 beliefs and experiences, and found people who believed the CO VID-19 vaccine was unsafe were less willing to receive thevaccine, knew less about the virus and were more likely to believeCOVID- 19 vaccine myths.

The pipeline of RSV vaccine development includes messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), live-attenuated (LAV), subunit, and recombinant vector-based vaccine candidates targeting different virus proteins.

Why thermostable vaccines are required, not only in resource-poor countries but also for resource-rich countries is discussed.

Preparations for introducing the COVID-19 vaccine should anticipate substantial hesitation and target concerns, especially among younger adults.

Low rates of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance were reported in the Middle East, Russia, Africa and several European countries, which could represent a major problem in the global efforts to control the current CO VID-19 pandemic.

Overall, influenza vaccines are effective against morbidity and mortality in all age and risk groups, especially in young children and older adults, however, the effectiveness is dependent on several factors such as the age of vaccinees.

The findings show that while both vaccine empathy and vaccine diplomacy have their strengths and weaknesses, they all have great potential to improve vaccine equality, particularly amid fast-developing and ever-evolving global health crises such as COVID-19.

The conclusion is drawn that each type of vaccine has unique properties that cannot be replaced by others and that it was not easy to determine the best among them.

Confidence in the importance of vaccines had the strongest univariate association with vaccine uptake and genuine knowledge voids such as long term safety data, negative stories, personal knowledge and misinformation have led to some public uncertainty.

It is demonstrated that the HPV vaccine is most effective against HPV-related disease outcomes when given at younger ages, emphasizing the importance of on-time vaccination.

This work aimed to give a comprehensive update on available vaccines and vaccination against LSD, to better prepare affected and at-risk countries to control LSD and ensure the safe trade of cattle.

We find that Ohio’s “Vax-a-Million” lottery increased first-dose COVID-19 vaccinations by between 50,000 and 100,000, with most of the additional doses occurring during the two weeks between the announcement and the first lottery drawing. We use county-level data and two empirical approaches to provide causal estimates of the lottery in Ohio. First, a difference-in-differences design compares vaccination rates in border counties in Ohio and Indiana before and after the announcement. Second, we use a pooled synthetic control method to construct a counterfactual for each of Ohio’s counties using...

The article describes the mRNA structure, its pharmacological function of immunity induction, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), and the upstream, downstream, and formulation process of mRNA vaccine manufacturing.

This review of 18 studies shows that VL strongly predicts the vaccination intention while its association with vaccination status is attenuated and barely significant, suggesting that other factors influence the actual vaccination uptake.

The review showed that a one-dose HPV vaccine could potentially be as effective as two- or three doses since it offers immunogenic protection up to 8 years follow up and also prevention on infection and pre-cancers incidence.

Findings suggest that some individuals experience more adverse effects after COVID-19 vaccination, but serious adverse effects are rare.

It is shown that policy interventions that directly target costs associated with vaccine adoption may counter vaccine hesitancy whereas those that manipulate the utility of unvaccinated agents will either lead to the same or lower rates of vaccine adoption.

The history and science of the HPV vaccine, its efficacy, effectiveness and safety, and some of the considerations and challenges posed to the achievement of global HPV vaccination coverage and the consequent elimination of cervical cancer are reviewed.

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It seems surprising that only seven of the nearly 100 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines currently in clinical trials are delivered intranasally, but advantages of these vaccines include needle-free administration, delivery of antigen to the site of infection, and the elicitation of mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract.

This work suggests that it is an absolute imperative to quickly and fully determine the efficacy of single-dose vaccines, as single- dose vaccinations can put an end to this pandemic much more quickly.

Rituximab dramatically improved the cure rate when it was combined with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) therapy in patients with DLBCL and mantle-cell lymphoma, reinforcing the notion of synergy among agents with distinct mechanisms of action.

Pediatric and travel vaccine co-administration has a well-established positive benefit-risk profile and is an efficient and cost-saving strategy to improve coverage and improve protection against vaccine-preventable diseases.

It is found that post-vaccine HAI titre dynamics were significantly influenced by pre-vaccination HAI titre and vaccination history, and seroepidemiological studies should ensure the impact of pre-vaccine HAI and prior vaccination status on vaccine-induced fold-rises is properly quantified, as these significantly influence an individual's post-vaccination antibody kinetics.

Findings suggest that building trust in health authorities, promoting vaccine confidence, and countering misinformation may be fundamental for better preparedness and response to future pandemics.

Overall, it is found that most psoriasis and vaccine literature support immunization of this patient population, particularly with non-live attenuated vaccines; however, more studies are needed to fully develop a vaccine recommendation schedule for Psoriasis patients.

An overview of current COVID-19 vaccines available within the UK, including their mode of action, storage and handling, is provided and the recommendations on priority groups for vaccination are outlined.

An overview of the current knowledge of anti-malarial immunity against P. falciparum and different options of vaccine candidates in development is provided, with a special emphasis on the mechanism of action of clinically used vaccine adjuvants.

The latest findings on vaccines for the elderly against herpes zoster, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, COVID-19, and pneumococcal disease are summarized and vaccine recommendation differences for this age group in Europe and the United States are examined.

Twenty-eight days after the second dose of each vaccine, ChAdOx1-S induced a stronger anti-spike IgG response than CoronaVac vaccination, and recent BCG vaccination did not impact IgG antibody responses to ChAd Ox1- S or CoronaVacs.

The role of cancer vaccines in reshaping the immune environment within HCC, fostering durable immune memory, and their potential in combination therapies are highlighted, as well as the importance of personalized therapies, novel antigen delivery platforms, and predictive biomarkers in revolutionizing HCC treatment.

This cohort study assesses the association between baseline vaccine hesitancy and vaccine receipt at study follow-up and explores the validity of vaccine self-report.

Investigation of the vaccination willingness and its potential predictors in representative online samples in nine countries showed a country-specific predictive pattern, and in most countries, the perception of governmental Covid-19 measures as useful and the use of television reports as Covids19 information source positively predicted the willingness.

All 5C components were significantly correlated with parents’ willingness to vaccinate their children and the barriers to and facilitators of the vaccination is crucial, as vaccination of children aged 5–11 has recently been approved by the FDA.

Expected benefit was more influential in respondents’ decision making than expected side effects, and the absence of interaction effects suggests that respondents consider the side effects and benefits independently.

In the context of no more people were willing to pay for a Coronavirus disease-19 vaccine the logistics of manufacturing, storing and distributing the vaccine, and mass vaccination are essential.

A novel VZV mRNA vaccine candidate containing sequence-optimized mRNAs encoding full-length glycoprotein E encapsulated in an ionizable lipid nanoparticle demonstrated superior immunogenicity and safety in multiple aspects over Shingrix, especially in the induction of strong T cell immunity.