Top Research Papers on VLSI Design PDF

Abstract Graphs have provided an expressive mathematical tool to model quantum-mechanical devices and systems. In particular, it has been recently discovered that graph theory can be used to describe and design quantum components, devices, setups and systems, based on the two-dimensional lattice of parametric nonlinear optical crystals and linear optical circuits, different to the standard quantum photonic framework. Realizing such graph-theoretical quantum photonic hardware, however, remains extremely challenging experimentally using conventional technologies. Here we demonstrate a graph-theo...

A genome-wide association study of plasma protein levels measured with 4,907 aptamers in 35,559 Icelanders highlights links with over 370 disease endpoints and other traits.

A scenario for 2030 for the Moroccan electricity system is studied and the challenges that need to be addressed are identified in order to accelerate the integration of renewable energies in the Moroccan energy mix and to achieve a possible export of such green energy towards Europe.

Intrinsically stretchable electronics with skin-like mechanical properties have been identified as a promising platform for emerging applications ranging from continuous physiological monitoring to real-time analysis of health conditions, to closed-loop delivery of autonomous medical treatment 1-7 . However, current technologies could only reach electrical performance at amorphous-silicon level (that is, charge-carrier mobility of about 1 cm 2 V -1 s -1 ), low integration scale (for example, 54 transistors per circuit) and limited functionalities 8-11 . Here we report high-density, intrinsical...

The ability to assemble large numbers of nearly indistinguishable and tunable artificial atoms into phase-stable PICs marks a key step towards multiplexed quantum repeaters 7 and general-purpose quantum processors.

Optical metasurfaces are planar arrangements of subwavelength meta-atoms that implement a wide range of transformations on incident light. The design of efficient metasurfaces requires that the responses of and interactions among meta-atoms are accurately modeled. Conventionally, each meta-atom's response is approximated by that of a meta-atom located in a periodic array. Although this approximation is accurate for metastructures with slowly varying meta-atoms, it does not accurately model the complex interactions among meta-atoms in more rapidly varying metasurfaces. Optimization-based design...

Predicting the effects of mutations in proteins is critical to many applications, from understanding genetic disease to designing novel proteins that can address the authors' most pressing challenges in climate, agriculture and healthcare, and this work introduces ProteinGym, a large-scale and holistic set of benchmarks specifically designed for protein fitness prediction and design.

This work proposes a hybrid model based on a long short-term memory-based encoder-decoder neural network and a Savitzky-Golay filter that can investigate nonlinear characteristics in a complicated water environment.

In this review, the newly emerging methods for the large-scale production of CDs are summarized, such as microwave, ultrasonic, plasma, magnetic hyperthermia and microfluidic technology.

The rising tide of mental ill‐health in young people globally demands that this focus be elevated to a top priority in global health.

Heat pumps can recover and upgrade industrial waste heat using renewable electricity, creating an essential technological lever to decarbonise thermal processes. High profitability requirements, unfavourable electricity-gas price ratios, and a lack of awareness of meaningful application possibilities among stakeholders from consultants and decision-makers, in both politics and companies, hinder further market penetration. To address these barriers, this review classifies 155 case studies of large-scale heat pumps to identify suitable characteristics that favour implementation. Unit operations,...

This work demonstrated a 64 × 64 flexible tactile sensor array with a record-high spatial resolution of 0.9 mm by integrating a high-performance piezoresistive film (PRF) with a large-area active matrix of carbon nanotube thin-film transistors and hardware-implemented a smart tactile system.

Abstract New, rapid, accurate, scalable, and cost-effective species discovery and delimitation methods are needed for tackling “dark taxa,” here defined as groups for which $<$10$\%$ of all species are described and the estimated diversity exceeds 1,000 species. Species delimitation for these taxa should be based on multiple data sources (“integrative taxonomy”) but collecting multiple types of data risks impeding a discovery process that is already too slow. We here develop large-scale integrative taxonomy (LIT), an explicit method where preliminary species hypotheses are generated bas...

An extensive review of research related to the main power system operational challenges with respect to the massive deployment of PV sources and various control approaches and applications of battery energy storage system (BESS) to improve the inertial response of a low-inertia power system is presented.

This work experimentally demonstrate continuous, multi-channel control of MRR weight banks using simple calibration procedures, achieving a record-high accuracy and precision for all the controlled MRRs.

Human olfactory sensors have a large variety of receptor cells that generate signature responses to various gaseous molecules. Ideally, artificial olfactory sensors should have arrays of diverse sensors. However, it is challenging to monolithically integrate large-scale arrays of different high-performance gas sensors. Here we report biomimetic olfactory chips that integrate nanotube sensor arrays on nanoporous substrates with up to 10,000 individually addressable sensors per chip. The range of sensors is achieved using an engineered material composition gradient. Supported by artificial intel...

It is demonstrated that using a few large convolutional kernels instead of a stack of small kernels could be a more powerful paradigm, and proposed RepLKNet, a pure CNN architecture whose kernel size is as large as 31×31, in contrast to commonly used 3×3.

A recently developed large-scale tactile sensing system for a robotic link, called TacLINK, which can be assembled to form a whole-body tactile sensing robot arm that is scalable in size, durable in operation, and low in cost, that can be widely exploited in the design of robotic arms, prosthetic arms, and humanoid robots, etc.

Producing hydrogen by water electrolysis with solar and wind energy will be one of the main methods of hydrogen production. The inherent intermittency and volatility are, however, the biggest obstacles to the utilization of these low-carbon resources. This limitation leads to an urgent need for fundamental analysis and system integration of renewable energy sources. In this paper, the random fluctuations of wind and solar energy were characterized by the spectral analysis method to explore underlying laws within. The base models of wind power and photoelectric (PV) power were defined to reveal...

The identification of large-scale NCPs in both monocot and dicot plants reveals that a much larger portion of the plant genome can be translated to biologically functional molecules, which has important implications in functional genomic studies.

Abstract Uneven distribution of electric fields at the electrolyte–anode interface and associated Zn dendrite growth is one of the most critical barriers that limit the life span of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. Herein, new‐type Zn–A–O (A = Si, Ti) interface layers with thin and uniform thickness, porosity, and hydrophilicity properties are developed to realize homogeneous and smooth Zn plating. For ZnSiO 3 nanosheet arrays on Zn foil (Zn@ZSO), their formation follows an “etching–nucleation–growth” mechanism that is confirmed by a well‐designed Zn‐island‐based identical‐location microscopy metho...

This paper demonstrates its effectiveness on tasks with large scale datasets by investigating its application to the Google Multidomain Dataset and introduces a modification of SpecAugment that adapts the time mask size and/or multiplicity depending on the length of the utterance, which can potentially benefit large scale tasks.

The underlying theory behind the large-scale and linear scaling density functional theory code, conquest, is surveyed, which shows excellent parallel scaling and can be applied to thousands of atoms with diagonalization and millions of atom with linear scaling.

Simulation results show the proposed near- field beam training schemes outperform the existing far-field beam training scheme and a hierarchical near-fieldbeam training scheme, where different levels of sub-codebooks are searched in turn with reduced codebook size.

Abstract Meta-optics has achieved major breakthroughs in the past decade; however, conventional forward design faces challenges as functionality complexity and device size scale up. Inverse design aims at optimizing meta-optics design but has been currently limited by expensive brute-force numerical solvers to small devices, which are also difficult to realize experimentally. Here, we present a general inverse-design framework for aperiodic large-scale (20k × 20k λ 2 ) complex meta-optics in three dimensions, which alleviates computational cost for both simulation and optimization via a fast a...

Optoelectronic synapses integrating synaptic and optical-sensing functions exhibit large advantages in neuromorphic computing for visual information processing and complex learning, recognition, and memory in an energy-efficient way. However, electric stimulation is still essential for existing optoelectronic synapses to realize bidirectional weight-updating, restricting the processing speed, bandwidth, and integration density of the devices. Herein, a two-terminal optical synapse based on a wafer-scale pyrenyl graphdiyne/graphene/PbS quantum dot heterostructure is proposed that can emulate bo...

To achieve the Net-Zero Emissions goal by 2050, a major upscale in green hydrogen needs to be achieved; this will also facilitate use of renewable electricity as a source of decarbonised fuel in hard-to-abate sectors such as industry and transport. Nearly 80% of the world's offshore wind resource is in waters deeper than 60 m, where bottom-fixed wind turbines are not feasible. This creates a significant opportunity to couple the high capacity factor floating offshore wind and green hydrogen. In this paper we consider dedicated large-scale floating offshore wind farms for hydrogen production wi...

Currently, the energy grid is changing to fit the increasing energy demands but also to support the rapid penetration of renewable energy sources. As a result, energy storage devices emerge to add buffer capacity and to reinforce residential and commercial usage, as an attempt to improve the overall utilization of the available green energy. Although various research has been conducted in the field including photovoltaic and wind applications, the study on suitability identification of different storage devices for various stationary application types is still the gap observed which needs furt...

Large-scale, high-accuracy, and adaptive three-dimensional (3D) perception are the basic technical requirements for constructing a practical and stable fruit-picking robot. The latest vision-based fruit-picking robots have been able to adapt to the complex background, uneven lighting and low color contrast of the orchard environment. However, most of them have, until now, been limited to a small field of view or rigid sampling manners. Although the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) methods have the potential to realize large scale sensing, it was critically revealed in this study th...

A novel approach to mapping large-scale UFZs by integrating remote sensing images (RSIs) and open social data is proposed, and a context-enabled image segmentation method is improved to generate UFFZ units by incorporating road vectors.

A fact often overlooked is that large-scale wildfires, although occurring infrequently, are responsible for the overwhelming majority of fire-related suppression costs, economic losses, and natural resources damages. Fortunately, the increasingly severe problems of large-scale wildfires worldwide have been receiving ever-growing academic attention. The high-intensity burning behaviors in wildfires stem from the significant interaction of combustion with heat transfer and atmospheric flow under complicated fuel, meteorology, and topography conditions. Therefore, mitigating measures against larg...

The theory of the causal structure of a general space-time is developed, and is used to study black holes and to prove a number of theorems establishing the inevitability of singualarities under certain conditions.

It is argued that resonance and non-linear integration are viable alternative mechanisms that facilitate computation and selective communication in recurrent networks and critically examine the hypothesis that feedforward and feedback communication use fast and slow frequencies.

Best practices and control docking calculations that help evaluate docking parameters for a given target prior to undertaking a large-scale prospective screen are outlined, with exemplification in one particular target, the melatonin receptor, where following this procedure led to direct docking hits with activities in the subnanomolar range.

Solar-thermal desalination technologies could provide a sustainable path toward achieving high-volume (millions of gallons per day) desalted water in remote and inland regions. Yet, efficient integration between solar capture and desalination remains a critical challenge. Integration challenges are accentuated when exploring solar-thermal technologies such as concentrating solar, due to the temperature mismatch, which often exists between solar capture and conversion technologies and desalination technologies. Here, we highlight the potential opportunities for large-scale solar-thermal desalin...

Abstract We review the field of collisionless numerical simulations for the large-scale structure of the Universe. We start by providing the main set of equations solved by these simulations and their connection with General Relativity. We then recap the relevant numerical approaches: discretization of the phase-space distribution (focusing on N -body but including alternatives, e.g., Lagrangian submanifold and Schrödinger–Poisson) and the respective techniques for their time evolution and force calculation (direct summation, mesh techniques, and hierarchical tree methods). We pay attention to...

A systematic survey on existing LML methods is offered to provide a blueprint for the future developments of this area and categorize the methods in each perspective according to their targeted scenarios and introduce representative methods in line with intrinsic strategies.

This paper introduces Food2K, which is the largest food recognition dataset with 2,000 categories and over 1 million images, and proposes a deep progressive region enhancement network for food recognition, which mainly consists of two components, namely progressive local feature learning and region feature enhancement.

A hybrid algorithm is employed that builds on a mature time-domain (FDTD) package Meep to simultaneously solve multiple frequency-domain TO problems over a broad bandwidth.

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, are prone to generate hallucinations, i.e., content that conflicts with the source or cannot be verified by the factual knowledge. To understand what types of content and to which extent LLMs are apt to hallucinate, we introduce the Hallucination Evaluation for Large Language Models (HaluEval) benchmark, a large collection of generated and human-annotated hallucinated samples for evaluating the performance of LLMs in recognizing hallucination. To generate these samples, we propose a ChatGPT-based two-step framework, i.e., sampling-then-filtering. ...