Developmental differences in motor task integration: A test of Pascual-Leone's Theory of Constructive Operators

Abstract

This study assessed the ability of Pascual-Leone's Theory of Constructive Operators to predict the minimum age or maturational level at which integration of a motor task could be achieved. Children 5-12 years of age (n=114) performed a discrete motor task requiring a constrained circular movement to be integrated with an unconstrained linear movement to a target. The Theory of Constructive Operators and the principles of constructive cognition were used to generate a model of task performance. Based on the model and in accordance with the theory, it was predicted that 5- to 6-year-old subjects would lack the cognitive capacity (M-capacity) to efficiently integrate this task. An analysis of covariance for age was performed on task parameters reflecting integration (and highest M-demand) with movement speed as the covariate. Scheffe contrasts supported the prediction as 5- to 6-year-old subjects were inferior to each of the other age groups (p < .05). Furthermore, no significant differences were found to exist between any of the older age groups.