A Comparison of the Effect of Infused Catecholamines and Certain Affect States
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TL;DR
The authors conclude that it has thus far been impossible to experimentally produce the affect states of anger, anxiety, or pain so that each is physiologically unique.
Abstract
Eighteen subjects participated in the collection of data regarding the physiological effects of infused epinephrine, norepinephrine, and placebo and of laboratory-contrived situations of anxiety, pain, and anger. The study was designed to determine whether any parallel patterns would emerge between the physiological effects of the affect states and of the infused drugs. The results present no clear pattern of correlation. Furthermore, the authors conclude that it has thus far been impossible to experimentally produce the affect states of anger, anxiety, or pain so that each is physiologically unique.