Photoaging/photodamage and photoprotection
Journal of the American Academy of DermatologyPublished 1 January 1990Open access
Charles R. Taylor, Robert S. Stern, William D. James, Barbara A. Gilchrest
Citations290
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score1.31
SNIP1.44
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The adverse effects of sun exposure and strategies to reduce photodamage are reviewed.
Abstract
Exposure to sunlight can produce both acute and long-term effects. Acute changes include erythema, photosensitivity, and immunologic alterations. Long-term consequences include carcinogenesis and photoaging. All effects can be minimized by photoprotection. This article reviews the adverse effects of sun exposure and strategies to reduce photodamage.
Keywords
MedicineNeuroscience
Experimental Cell ResearchThe serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains
8,408 Citations1961Leonard Hayflick, Paul S. Moorhead
A consideration of the cause of the eventual degeneration of these strains leads to the hypothesis that non-cumulative external factors are excluded and that the phenomenon is attributable to intrinsic factors which are expressed as senescence at the cellular level.
Experimental Cell ResearchThe limited in vitro lifetime of human diploid cell strains
5,785 Citations1965Leonard Hayflick
The survival curves obtained with human diploid cell strains are comparable to “multiple-hit” or “ multiple-target” curves obtain with other biological systems where an initial threshold dose is required before an exponential form of the curve is established.
Archives of DermatologyThe Validity and Practicality of Sun-Reactive Skin Types I Through VI
3,341 Citations1988Thomas B. Fitzpatrick
Archives of DermatologyThe validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI
3,168 Citations1988Thomas B. Fitzpatrick
The concept of sun-reactive "skin typing" was created in 1975 to be able to classify persons with white skin in order to select the correct initial doses of ultraviolet A (UVA) in the application of the then newly developed technique for the treatment of psoriasis—oral methoxsalen photochemotherapy (PUVA).
New England Journal of MedicineFoundations of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Health and Medical Practices
2,140 Citations1977Milton C. Weinstein, William B. Stason
Journal of Clinical InvestigationAging decreases the capacity of human skin to produce vitamin D3.
1,427 Citations1985Julia A. MacLaughlin, Michael F. Holick
An evaluation of surgically obtained skin revealed that there is an age-dependent decrease in the epidermal concentrations of provitamin D3 (7-dehydrocholesterol), and it was revealed that aging can decrease by greater than twofold the capacity of the skin to produce prev vitamin D3.
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologySocial perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes.
1,311 Citations1977Mark Snyder, Elizabeth Decker Tanke +1 more
Journal of Consulting PsychologyThe appraisal of body-cathexis: body-cathexis and the self.
1,026 Citations1953Paul F. Secord, Sidney M. Jourard
The present paper is concerned with one variety of attitude, namely, body-cathexis, which is believed to be integrally related to the self-concept, although identifiable as a separate aspect thereof.
Journal of the American Academy of DermatologyTopical tretinoin for photoaged skin
629 Citations1986Albert M. Kligman, Gary L. Grove +2 more
It was concluded that topical tretinoin is capable of at least partly reversing the structural damages of excessive sunlight exposure and may be useful in decelerating the photoaging process.
Photochemistry and PhotobiologyA COMPARISON OF <i>IN VIVO</i> AND <i>IN VITRO</i> TESTING OF SUNSCREENING FORMULAS
605 Citations1979Robert M. Sayre, Patricia Poh Agin +2 more
While estimates of the effectiveness of all products were much too high when calculated by the isopropanol solution method, the hairless mouse epidermis technique seems to be an accurate tool for predicting product efficacy in vivo.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismSunscreens Suppress Cutaneous Vitamin D<sub>3</sub>Synthesis*
600 Citations1987Lois Y. Matsuoka, LORRAINE IDE +3 more
Results indicate that the sunscreen interferred with the cutaneous production of vitamin D3, and prevented the photoisomerization of 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D3 in human skin slices in vitro.
New England Journal of MedicineRisk of Cutaneous Carcinoma in Patients Treated with Oral Methoxsalen Photochemotherapy for Psoriasis
562 Citations1979Robert S. Stern, L. A. Thibodeau +4 more
New patients with known histories of ionizing-radiation exposure or of skin tumors should be given 8-methyoxypsoralen photochemotherapy only if they understand the risks and have disabling psoriasis untreatable by other means.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesThe relationship between in vitro cellular aging and in vivo human age.
561 Citations1976Edward L. Schneider, Youji Mitsui
Although early and late passage cultures of human diploid cells may provide an important cell system for examining loss of replicative potential, fibroblast cultures derived from old and young human donors may be a more appropriate model system for studying human cellular aging.
JAMATopical Tretinoin Improves Photoaged Skin
493 Citations1988Jonathan S. Weiss
Fourteen of the 15 patients who received tretinoin to the face had improvement in photoaging, whereas none of the vehicle-treated patients' faces improved, a statistically significant difference in response between the two groups.
Advances in experimental social psychologyPhysical Attractiveness
481 Citations1974Ellen Berscheid, Elaine Walster
Journal of the American Academy of DermatologyPhotoprotection by melanin—a comparison of black and Caucasian skin
468 Citations1979Kays H. Kaidbey, Patricia Poh Agin +2 more
New England Journal of MedicineCutaneous Squamous-Cell Carcinoma in Patients Treated with PUVA
459 Citations1984Robert S. Stern, Nan M. Laird +4 more
After adjustment for exposures to ionizing radiation and topical tar preparations, the risk that cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma would develop at least 22 months after the first exposure to PUVA was 12.8 times higher in patients exposure to a high dose than in those exposed to a low dose.
JAMAEarly Destructive Effect of Sunlight on Human Skin
387 Citations1969Albert M. Kligman
The facial skin of white persons has been assessed throughout the human life span for the severity of elasticfiber changes as an indicator of sunlight damage, and sunlight, not innate aging, is mainly responsible for the worst manifestation of senile skin.
Archives of DermatologyRisk reduction for nonmelanoma skin cancer with childhood sunscreen use
359 Citations1986Robert S. Stern
Using a mathematical model based on epidemiologic data, it is estimated that regular use of a sunscreen with a sun protective factor of 15 during the first 18 years of life would reduce the lifetime incidence of basal and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin by 78%.
The LancetFREQUENCY OF OSTEOMALACIA AND OSTEOPOROSIS IN FRACTURES OF THE PROXIMAL FEMUR
317 Citations1974J.E. Aaron, L. Stasiak +5 more
It is suggested that osteomalacia in the elderly makes an important contribution to the steep rise in femoral-neck fractures with advancing age in the U.K. and that this is attributable to an absolute or relative deficiency of vitamin D.
Journal of Investigative DermatologyAlterations in Human Dermal Connective Tissue with Age and Chronic Sun Damage
295 Citations1962J. Graham Smith, Eugene A. Davidson +2 more
Aged unexposed human skin has decreased hexosamine, decreased solubility of dermal collagen, and increased hydroxyproline, but the identity of the histopathologic changes in chronically sun-damaged skin (actinic elastosis) has been debated for many years.
Journal of Investigative DermatologyThe Contributions of UVA and UVB to Connective Tissue Damage in Hairless Mice
294 Citations1985Lorraine H. Kligman, Frank J. Akin +1 more
Like UVB, the UVA waveband, especially that with a spectral distribution similar to solar UVA, caused elastic fiber damage, increased glycosaminoglycan levels, and produced hypertrophy of deep dermal tissues and substantial protection was afforded by a broad-spectrum sunscreen.
Journal of Investigative DermatologyCell Layer and Density of Negro and Caucasian Stratum Corneum
257 Citations1974Dennis A. Weigand, Carl Haygood +1 more
The buoyant density of abdominal stratum corneum, as determined in organic solvent systems, is less in Negroes than in Caucasians, and the reverse is true when density in air is determined and when isopyknic sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation is employed.
The American Journal of MedicinePorphyria cutanea tarda
247 Citations1979Marc E. Grossman, David R. Bickers +3 more
Journal of GerontologyAssessment of Biological Age Using a Profile of Physical Parameters
242 Citations1980Gary A. Borkan, A. H. Norris
Analysis of the mean biological age profiles of men who were estimated by physicians as looking older than their age showed them to be biologically older on the profile parameters as well, suggesting the value of this technique in investigating interindividual variation in the aging process.
Archives of DermatologyChronic Sunscreen Use Decreases Circulating Concentrations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
238 Citations1988Lois Y. Matsuoka
It is suggested that long-term use of PABA may be associated with low body stores of vitamin D in some persons, as seen in two PABA users and in none of the controls.
Journal of Investigative DermatologyPrevention of Ultraviolet Damage to the Dermis of Hairless Mice by Sunscreens
237 Citations1982Lorraine H. Kligman, Frank J. Akin +1 more
A surprising histologic finding was the repair capability of the dermis in the post-irradiation period of hairless mice, which showed a great increase in the reticulin fibers, elastic fibers to the extent of elastosis, neutral and acid mucopolysaccharides and melanin production.
Journal of Investigative DermatologyEffect of Chronologic Aging and Ultraviolet Irradiation on Langerhans Cells in Human Epidermis
229 Citations1982Barbara A. Gilchrest, George F. Murphy +1 more
UV-induced LC changes appear qualitatively similar in young and old adults and include histological evidence of cellular damage, transient association of LC with damaged keratinocytes, and possible migration of LC from the irradiated epidermis within 24 hr.
Journal of Investigative DermatologyThe Presently Known Distribution of Furocoumarins (Psoralens) in Plants
220 Citations1962M.A. Pathak, Farrington Daniels +1 more
British Journal of CancerSevere sunburn and subsequent risk of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma in scotland
206 Citations1982R. M. MacKie, T Aitchison
Evidence is provided to suggest that short intense episodes of UV exposure resulting in burning may be one of the aetiological factors involved in subsequent development of melanoma.
Archives of DermatologyBeta Carotene Therapy for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria and Other Photosensitivity Diseases
205 Citations1977Micheline M. Mathews‐Roth
It is concluded that beta carotene is an effective treatment for EPP, but that other forms of photosensitivity will need empirical therapeutic study with this compound to determine the range of effectiveness, if any, of this compound in conditions other than EPP.
The LancetIMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SOLARIUM EXPOSURE
201 Citations1983Peter Hersey, Enisa Hasic +4 more
Compared with age and sex matched concurrent controls, test subjects had reduced skin test responses to dinitrochlorobenzene, slightly reduced blood lymphocyte numbers, and changes in the proportion of lymphocyte subpopulations, which included a relative increase in total (OKT3+) T-cell numbers which was attributable to an increase in the OKT8+ suppressor/cytotoxic subset of T cells.
Journal of Experimental Social PsychologyBeautiful is good: Evidence that the physically attractive are more socially skillful
201 Citations1977William J. Goldman, Philip Lewis
The Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and OncologySun Exposure Habits in Patients with Cutaneous Melanoma: A Case Control Study
200 Citations1983Robert Lew, Arthur J. Sober +3 more
While solar exposure does not appear to be a factor in some patients, when patients were divided into subgroups by age, sex, or sun type, each subset showed some increased risk associated with a factor related to short-term excessive sun exposure.
Archives of Biochemistry and BiophysicsFree radicals in human skin before and after exposure to light
195 Citations1968M.A. Pathak, Kayla Stratton
Human skin exhibited a stable electron spin resonance (ESR) signal before irradiation, only if the samples were pigmented, and radical yields measured in “white” and pigmented skin as a function of ultraviolet exposure dose showed that fewer radicals were generated in pigmentedskin.
New England Journal of MedicineBeta-Carotene as a Photoprotective Agent in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria
193 Citations1970Micheline M. Mathews‐Roth, Madhu A. Pathak +3 more
Seminars in Arthritis and RheumatismAntimalarials in the management of discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus
190 Citations1978Edmund L. Dubois
A NTIMALARIALS have been used in the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) since 1894, but it was not until Page’s report in 1951 that these drugs were widely employed in the English-speaking countries.
JAMAβ-Carotene as an Oral Photoprotective Agent in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria
179 Citations1974Micheline M. Mathews‐Roth
The oral administration of high doses of β-carotene is a safe and effective method of ameliorating in most patients the photosensitivity that occurs in EPP.
Behavior TherapyThe behavioral assessment of male and female social competence in dyadic heterosexual interactions
177 Citations1975Russell E. Glasgow, Hal Arkowitz
The Journal of ImmunologyAlteration of T cell subsets and induction of suppressor T cell activity in normal subjects after exposure to sunlight.
174 Citations1983Peter Hersey, Gregory Haran +2 more
Exposure to sunlight may favor the induction of suppressor pathways in response to antigenic stimuli and that this may limit immune responses against tumor cells such as melanoma, which supports the idea from animal studies that systemic changes in the immune system may be an important factor in the association of UV radiation with malignancy.
Journal of the American Academy of DermatologySunscreens: Topical and systemic approaches for protection of human skin against harmful effects of solar radiation
172 Citations1982Madhu A. Pathak
Action spectra of normal and abnormal reactions of human skin to acute and chronic effects of solar radiation are presented with a view to helping the physician prescribe the appropriate sunscreens.
PubMedOsteomalacia--a common disease in elderly women.
168 Citations1967John Chalmers, W. D. H. Conacher +2 more
Health PsychologyPsychosocial factors in sunbathing and sunscreen use.
163 Citations1987Barbara Keesling, Howard S. Frıedman
Journal of the American Academy of DermatologyPolymorphous light eruption
163 Citations1982Erhard Hölzle, Gerd Plewig +2 more
The clinical features of polymorphous light eruption (PLE) are reviewed from the literature with special emphasis on the experimental reproduction of skin lesions and phototesting with large doses of UVA aids in confirming the diagnosis of PLE.
American Journal of EpidemiologyAN INQUIRY INTO THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MELANOMA
162 Citations1985Saxon Graham, James R. Marshall +5 more
The authors found that higher risk attaches to upper socioeconomic status, as measured by occupation and education, lightness of complexion and hair, and amount of blue in the admixture of eye color, and higher risk among individuals who reacted to sun exposure by burning, blistering, or freckling rather than by tanning.
Journal of Investigative DermatologyEffects of Long Ultraviolet Rays on Human Skin: Photoprotective or Photoaugmentative?
155 Citations1972Isaac Willis, Albert M. Kligman +1 more
Observations revealed that contrary to previous accepted hypotheses, LUV rays have a striking augmentative effect on sunburn damage and an effect on DNA metabolism does occur.
Recent results in cancer research/Recent Results in Cancer ResearchEpidemiology of Malignant Melanoma: Pigmentary Traits, Ultraviolet Radiation, and the Identification of High-Risk Populations
148 Citations1986Neil Dubin, Miriam Moseson +1 more
A case-control study begun in 1979 to identify factors responsible for the observed high incidence of malignant melanoma among Caucasians was reported on, with results for a subset of the available risk factor data, including pigmentary traits, sun exposure, and family history variables.
Journal of Investigative DermatologyThe Effect of Aging and Chronic Sun Exposure on Human Langerhans Cell Populations
148 Citations1984B.H. Thiers, John C. Maize +2 more
PubMedHealth effects of sunlight exposure in the United States. Results from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1971-1974.
148 Citations1988Arnold Engel, Michael L. Johnson +1 more
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British VolumeOSTEOMALACIA–A COMMON DISEASE IN ELDERLY WOMEN
145 Citations1967J. Chalmers, W. D. H. Conacher +2 more
The clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of osteomalacia are discussed in relation to thirty-seven recently recognised cases and it is suggested that this disease is not uncommon in elderly women, among whom it is liable to be confused with senile osteoporosis.
BMJSmoker's face: an underrated clinical sign?
139 Citations1985D Model
The association of smoker's face with current smoking that had continued for 10 years or more was significant and remained after the patient's age, social class, exposure to sunlight, recent change of weight, and estimated lifetime consumption of cigarettes were controlled for.
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyPhysical attractiveness in social interaction: II. Why does appearance affect social experience?
136 Citations1982Harry T. Reis, Ladd Wheeler +4 more
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyPhysical attractiveness, social relations, and personality style.
131 Citations1975Dennis L. Krebs, Allen A. Adinolfi
There was a positive relationship between physical attractiveness and dating for females, but not for males, and a reliable rating of physical attractiveness showed that rejected subjects were most attractive, accepted subjects were next most attractive and unknown subjects were least attractive.
Cancer InvestigationEstimating Increases in Skin Cancer Morbidity Due to Increases in Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure
131 Citations1983Thomas R. Fears, Joseph Scotto
The incidence and UVB data are now available from a new epidemiologic study of skin cancer conducted at eight locations of the United States and it is found that either a simple power function or a simple exponential function could be used to describe these new data.
Archives of DermatologyHealth Effects of Sunlight Exposure in the United States
129 Citations1988Arnold Engel
Findings suggest that a large number of dermatologic conditions, which may in part result from overexposure to sunlight, may be preventable.
Journal of Investigative DermatologyPhotocarcinogenesis by Near-Ultraviolet (UVA) Radiation in Sencar Mice
127 Citations1986Paul T. Strickland
It is demonstrated that UVA radiation, which is the major UV waveband in solar radiation, is carcinogenic in a haired mouse strain, although far less carcinogenic than combined UVB/UVA radiation.
The Medical Journal of AustraliaCHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MALIGNANT MELANOMA IN QUEENSLAND
125 Citations1980Julian Little, J. Holt +1 more
The tumours diagnosed in 1977, compared with those in the Queensland Melanoma Project files from 1963 to 1969, are more superficial, with non‐elevated profile and smaller diameter, suggesting that the disease is being diagnosed and treated earlier.
Archives of DermatologySunscreen Application and Its Importance for the Sun Protection Factor
124 Citations1985Catharina Stenberg
The results indicate that the sun protection factor under ad libitum conditions is only 50% of what would be achieved using a layer thickness of 2 mg/sq cm.
Journal of the American Academy of DermatologyPolymorphous light eruption: Action spectrum and photoprotection
116 Citations1986Bernhard Ortel, Adrian Tanew +2 more
The action spectrum and the incidence of positive results on phototests in the patient population differed from those reported by others, and there is clearly a need for a standardized test procedure.
Journal of Investigative DermatologySunscreens Promote Repair of Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Dermal Damage
116 Citations1983Lorraine H. Kligman, Frank J. Akin +1 more
Repairs occurred in situ and, in severely damaged skin, in the novel form of subepidermal reconstruction zones of new connective tissue with parallel collagen bundles and a network of fine elastic fibers.
Journal of the American Academy of DermatologyPolymorphous light eruption
108 Citations1980John H. Epstein
Journal of the American Academy of DermatologySun and malignant melanoma
106 Citations1984Alfred W. Kopf, Margaret L. Kripke +1 more
Despite the increasing data that implicate sunlight as an important factor in the development of certain types of malignant melanomas in humans, the role of solar electromagnetic radiation in the pathogenesis of human malign melanomas is yet to be determined.
Medical Entomology and ZoologyThe Psychology of cosmetic treatments
103 Citations1985Jean Ann Graham, Albert M. Kligman
Sunlight and Melanin Pigmentation
103 Citations1976Madhu A. Pathak, Kowichi Jimbow +2 more
When viewed from the perspective of photobiology, melanin pigmentation of human skin can be described in two categories: the first, constitutive or intrinsic skin color, and the second, facultative or inducible skin color.
Journal of the American Academy of DermatologyPhotobiology of melanin pigmentation: Dose/response of skin to sunlight and its contents
103 Citations1983Madhu A. Pathak, Dan L. Fanselow
It was found that the UVB monitor response was predictive of a 24-hour erythema response and 5-day pigmentation response within 30% of the biologic average for skin types II, III, and IV, indicating melanogenesis can be stimulated with a suberythemal dose of UVB or UVA radiation.
Journal of the American Academy of DermatologySkin type, minimal erythema dose (MED), and sunlight acclimatization
100 Citations1981Robert M. Sayre, Deborah L. Desrochers +2 more
In effect, acclimatization makes an individual respond to sunlight like a less sensitive skin type, but this appears transitory, and benefits can be lost within a month or two.
Archives of DermatologySunscreen Use and Sun Exposure
98 Citations1984Esther Y. Johnson
Overall, sunscreens were used by 41% of the subjects, one third of whom used them with the belief that tanning would be promoted, and sunscreen use improved very little.
Contact DermatitisSensitivity to sunscreens
93 Citations1987John English, Ian R. White +1 more
The patients sensitized to sunscreen agents who attended the Contact Dermatitis Clinic between February 1985 to March 1987 have been reviewed and 15 (5%) of 280 patients tested with sunscreens had positive reactions: 3 of them were allergic to more than one agent.
International Journal of CancerIncidence of malignant melanoma of the skin in the five nordic countries: significance of solar radiation
92 Citations1977Knut Magnus
There is only a slight increase in incidence of malignant melanoma of the face, whereas for the neck/trunk, particularly among males, and for the lower limbs, especially among females, there is a consistent upward trend.
Archives of OphthalmologyStudies on the Pharmacology of Chloroquine
88 Citations1963M. Harvey Rubin
The occurrence of a characteristic retinopathy following the long-term daily ad- ministration of chloroquine has now been well documented, and the fact that the retinal lesion usually develops after one or more years of drug ingestion, plus the remarkably large accumulation of chloro-4- (4-diethylamino1-methylbutylamino) quinoline in body tissues and organs, suggests that the Retinopathy may be due to high chlorquine levels
Archives of DermatologyDiminished Immune Response in Sun-Damaged Skin
88 Citations1980B. L. O'Dell
The existence of a local defect in cell-mediated immunity in skin altered by long-term sun exposure is suggested, and Responses to intradermally injected common antigens were less intense in sun-damaged skin that in nonexposed skin.
PubMedSkin typing for assessment of skin cancer risk and acute response to UV-B and oral methoxsalen photochemotherapy.
85 Citations1984Robert S. Stern, Khosrow Momtaz
Acta Dermato VenereologicaPolymorphous light eruption: a common reaction uncommonly recognized
84 Citations1982W. L. Morison, RS. Stern
It is suggested that PMLE is a common disorder but that many individuals have a high threshold of response to sunlight exposure, and that there was one notable exception in the amount of sunlight required to trigger the eruption.
Archives of DermatologyAminobenzoic Acid and Its Esters
83 Citations1970Isaac Willis
The sunscreening efficacy of aminobenzoic acid and two of its best known esters was appraised on human subjects using solar-simulating radiation from the xenon lamp.
Journal of Investigative DermatologyRelationship between Actinic Damage and Chronologic Aging in Keratinocyte Cultures of Human Skin
83 Citations1979Barbara A. Gilchrest
Chronic sun exposure does accelerate aging in human skin by at least one previously established in vitro criterion: it decreased the lifespan of cultured keratinocytes, perhaps reflecting the recognized carcinogenic potential of actinic radiation.
Clinics in Plastic SurgerySocial and Psychological Effects of Craniofacial Deformity and Surgical Reconstruction
83 Citations1982Michael Pertschuk, Linton A. Whitáker
Findings to date indicate that presurgically younger patients, those between 6 and 13, fare better than those 14 years and over, and there are significant correlations between changes in appearance and changes on several measures including self-concept and trait anxiety.
Archives of DermatologySunburn Protection by Longwave Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Pigmentation
79 Citations1978Kays H. Kaidbey
International Journal of CancerAn analysis of trends in mortality from malignant melanoma of the skin in Australia
75 Citations1980Cheryl Holman, Ian James +2 more
It is suggested that the cohort‐based increase in mortality resulted from life‐style changes occurring with successive generations, and its stabilization in recent birth cohorts suggests that the secular trend towards increasing total mortality from melanoma will also stabilize over the next 40 years.
Journal of the American Academy of DermatologyComparison of methods for assessing photoprotection against ultraviolet A in vivo
74 Citations1987Kays H. Kaidbey, Richard W. Gange
It is concluded that pigmentation, either immediate or delayed, is a reproducible and useful end point for the routine assessment of photoprotection of normal skin against UVA.
Journal of Investigative DermatologyCellular Aging in Werner's Syndrome: A Unique Phenotype?
73 Citations1979Thomas H. Norwood, Holger Hoehn +2 more
In vitro cytogenetic and cell fusion studies that indicate cultured fibroblast-like cells derived from Werner patients differ from cells of normal donors are reported on.
PubMedPolymorphous light eruption: a common reaction uncommonly recognized.
71 Citations1982Morison Wl, Stern Rs
The American Journal of Surgical PathologyOccult osteomalacia in American (U.S.A.) patients with fracture of the hip
71 Citations1978Leon Sokoloff
Low-grade osteomalacia was present in eight of 31 femoral heads from normocalcemic American patients having intracapsular fracture of the hip and regional differences between the osteoid content of the proximal femur and iliac crest were demonstrated in 13 age-matched controls.
Archives of DermatologyInfluence of Temperature on Ultraviolet Injury
70 Citations1964Robert G. Freeman
Heat enhances the injurious effect of ultraviolet light exposure in mice subjected to acute ultraviolet burns and in mice killed by continuous ultraviolet exposure, and the rate of development of skin tumors was higher in mice exposed to ultraviolet light and kept in a hot environment.
British Journal of OphthalmologyOphthalmological safety of chloroquine.
70 Citations1969S P Percival, Joan Behrman
Journal of GerontologyPrior Chronic Sun Exposure Decreases the Lifespan of Human Skin Fibroblasts in Vitro
68 Citations1980Barbara A. Gilchrest
Chronic sun exposure does accelerate aging in human skin by at least one established in vitro criterion: it decreases the lifespan of cultured fibroblasts.
PubMedChronologic and actinically induced aging in human facial skin.
68 Citations1983Barbara A. Gilchrest, G. Szabó +2 more
The data suggest that sun exposure indeed accelerates aging by several criteria and that, regardless of mechanism, environmental factors may adversely affect the appearance and function of aging skin in ways amenable to experimental quantitation.
Archives of DermatologyPhotoallergy to Benzophenone
66 Citations1989Elizabeth Knobler
The cases of four individuals with photoallergy to oxybenzone in sunscreens are reported, likely that such reactions will become more commonplace since oxyben Zone is by far the most frequently used agent in modern, high sun protection factor sun screens being marketed today.
Archives of DermatologySkin Typing for Assessment of Skin Cancer Risk and Acute Response to UV-B and Oral Methoxsalen Photochemotherapy
66 Citations1984Robert S. Stern
Skin type was a good clinical predictor of skin cancer risk, but lacked specificity as a predictor of an individual's minimal erythemal dose or minimal phototoxic dose.
Journal of the American Academy of DermatologyA psychological comparison of patients with malignant melanoma and other dermatologic disorders
65 Citations1982Barrie R. Cassileth, Edward J. Lusk +1 more
Melanoma patients were approximately equal to the general public and strikingly superior to other dermatology patients in terms of emotional well-being.
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer InstituteRole of Sun Exposure in the Etiology of Malignant Melanoma: Epidemiologic Inference2
65 Citations1973Moshe Movshovitz, Baruch Modan
PubMedOsteomalacia in elderly patients with fracture of the femoral neck. A clinico-pathological study.
64 Citations1973D. H. R. Jenkins, Jasmin Roberts +2 more
Journal of Investigative DermatologyChronologic and Actinically Induced Aging in Human Facial Skin
61 Citations1983Barbara A. Gilchrest, George Szabó +2 more
The data suggest that sun exposure indeed accelerates aging by several criteria and that, regardless of mechanism, environmental factors may adversely affect the appearance and function of aging skin in ways amenable to experimental quantitation.
JAMAAn Exacerbation of SLE After Visiting a Tanning Salon
59 Citations1986Robert S. Stern
The patient's experience, and experimental findings, provide increasing evidence that exposure to ultraviolet light in the A range (UVA) in tanning salons is harmful and can be especially dangerous to certain patients.
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British VolumeOSTEOMALACIA IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH FRACTURE OF THE FEMORAL NECK
57 Citations1973D. H. R. Jenkins, J. G. Roberts +2 more
There was a high incidence of osteomalacia overall and a subclinical form of the disease appears to exist, and the relevance of these observations is discussed with particular reference to the established diagnostic criteria of the condition.
…
