Nursing Ethics in Modern China: Conflicting Values and Competing Role Requirements

Abstract

List of figures and tables -- Foreword / Gerhold K. Becker - - Acknowledgments -- Ch. 1. Introduction: in search of the voices of nurses in China -- 1. Rule-based or virtue-based -- 2. Two lines of inquiry -- Ch. 2. Nursing development before China's modernization -- 1. Traditional caring practices -- A. Care responsibilities in ancient China -- B. Nursing as a profession for women -- 2. The promotion of nursing as a profession -- A. A Chinese name for nurses -- B. Promoting a professional sense of nursing -- C. Fostering a moral sense of nursing -- 3. Nursing in the Maoist era (1949-1978) -- A. The political context -- B. The changing orientation in healthcare provision -- C. Nursing from 1949 to 1978 -- 4. Summary -- Ch. 3. Nursing in the era of China's modernization -- 1. The political context -- 2. Reform and opening- up -- A. Education reform -- B. Management reform -- C. The reconstruction of nursing's professional identity -- 3. Fostering morality in practice -- A. The 1981 rules of conduct for healthcare personnel -- B. The 1988 criteria for medical ethics -- C. Ethics education for nurses -- 4. Summary -- Ch. 4. The ethical mandate in question -- 1. Rescue the dying and heal the wounded -- A. Medical ethics in the Chinese tradition -- B. Protective medical care -- 2. Access to healthcare services -- A. Healthcare profile - - B. Medical coverage -- C. Medical costs -- D. Utilization of medical services -- E. Practice of treatment withdrawal -- 3. Superior quality of birth -- A. Issues regarding the one-child family policy -- B. Eugenic laws -- 4. Euthanasia as a medical measure -- A. The euthanasia movement -- B. Definitions of euthanasia -- C. Public views on euthanasia -- 5. Summary -- Ch. 5. Multiple role responsibilities -- 1. The triangulation process in action -- 2. Conceptualization of nursing ethics -- A. A nursing perspective -- B. Nursing responsibilities -- 3. Eleven facets of nursing responsibilities -- A. Nursing responsibility in relation to society -- B. Nurses and those who require nursing care -- C. Nursing responsibility in relation to practice and the profession - - D. Institutional rules and regulations -- 4. Summary -- Ch. 6. Dealing with difficult care situations -- 1. Information disclosure -- A. Ability to bear the burden of knowing one's condition -- B. Nurses' ethical dilemma -- C. Protective truthfulness as an alternative to safeguarding the patient's best interests -- D. Summary -- 2. Withdrawal of treatment -- A. Patient's ability to bear the burden of medical expenses -- B. Nurses' responsibility in making a profit -- C. Responsibilities of medical care facilities -- D. Treating the patient with the same standard of Ren -- E. Summary -- 3. Requests for euthanasia -- A. Nurses' general attitude toward voluntary active euthanasia -- B. The unit head as a decision-maker? -- C. Alleviating unbearable suffering -- D. Summary -- 4. Inclusion of family members in meeting the patient's needs -- A. The Dai and Feng cases -- B. Representation of the Dai and Feng cases in day-to-day practice -- C. Respect for nurses - - D. Inclusion of family members -- E .Summary -- Ch. 7. From virtue to value: a dialogue to be continued -- 1. Summary -- 2. Conceptualization of ethical practice -- 3. Cultivating a moral sense of nursing: a dialogue to be continued -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Appendices -- 1. Nurses' registration ordinance of the People's Republic, Ministry of Public Health, 1993 -- 2. New bachelor of science in nursing program of Peking Union Medical College, 1996 -- 3. Duties of hospital personnel, Ministry of Public Health, 1982 -- 4. Patients' rights and responsibilities, Hangzhou Hospital, 1994 -- 5. Standard requirements for quality nursing, medical department, the third teaching hospital, Beijing Medical University -- 6. Regulations for ward management, hospital personnel, and hospital patients, Ministry of Public Health, 1986 - - About the author -- Index