Coping with myocardial infarction: A model with clinical applications, a literature review
International Rehabilitation MedicinePublished 1 January 1985
Ingela Wiklund, Harald Sanne, A Vedin, Claes Wilhelmsson
Citations15
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TL;DR
Following a myocardial infarction any residual symptoms are likely to remind the patient of a possible fatal outcome and be detrimental to successful rehabilitation.
Abstract
Following a myocardial infarction any residual symptoms are likely to remind the patient of a possible fatal outcome and be detrimental to successful rehabilitation. Negative psychological attitudes need to be identified early. Intervention to improve the mental state should be introduced to restore self-confidence.
Keywords
MedicineHealth Professions
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1,590 Citations1981Robert Karasek, Dean Baker +3 more
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434 Citations1970Z. J. Lipowski
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Psychosomatic MedicineBrief Group Therapy in Myocardial Infarction Rehabilitation: Three- to Four-Year Follow-Up of a Controlled Trial*
152 Citations1979Richard H. Rahe, Harold Ward +1 more
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123 Citations1982Colette Ray, Jackie Lindop +1 more
This paper presents a simple schema of six coping themes, ordered in terms of their defensiveness and the degree of attempted personal control which they imply, and characterize the meaning or qualitative 'style' of the individual's response.
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Exercise Therapy in Coronary Disease
113 Citations1970Herman K. Hellerstein
The invitation to participate in this Boerhaave Course on the Prevention of Ischaemic Heart Disease at the University of Leiden is a high honor and the locale of the Course is also gratifying, since it has provided me with an opportunity to visit the city of Le Dutch.
The LancetCONTROLLED TRIAL OF EARLY MOBILISATION AND DISCHARGE FROM HOSPITAL IN UNCOMPLICATED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
107 Citations1971J E Harpur, William T. Conner +6 more
Patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction were all given 7 days of bed rest, followed by mobilisation on day 8 and discharge on day 15, and group E fared no worse than group L in respect of mortality, complication-rates, ventricular aneurysm (on X-ray), or return to work.
Social Science & Medicine (1967)Vocational adjustment after first myocardial infarction; Comparative assessment of several variables suggested in the literature
102 Citations1973Thomas F. Garrity
The patient's perception of his health status, social class, and sense of control over his fate predict return to work, while only amount ofweekly work involvement before the attack and the perceived pressures from significant others predict amount of weekly work involvement 6 months after the attack.
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101 Citations1978Richard Mayou, Ann Foster +1 more
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American Journal of PsychiatrySubjects' Recent Life Changes and Coronary Heart Disease in Finland
100 Citations1973Richard H. Rahe, LINDA BENNETT +3 more
The authors point out the usefulness of including data on precipitating factors in prospective studies of coronary heart disease along with data on such physical risk factors as serum cholesterol levels and systolic blood pressure.
PubMedType A Behavior Pattern: its association with coronary heart disease.
100 Citations1971Meyer Friedman, Ray H. Rosenman
Journal of Psychosomatic ResearchReturn to work after a heart attack
96 Citations1973Elizabeth L. Cay, Norman Vetter +2 more
The International Journal of Psychiatry in MedicineManagement after Myocardial Infarction: A Controlled Trial of the Effect of Group Psychotherapy
95 Citations1974Michel Ibrahim, Joseph Feldman +4 more
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Psychosomatic MedicineDenial as a Determinant of Anxiety and Perceived Health Status in the Coronary Care Unit
91 Citations1972Doyle W. Gentry, S. M. Foster +1 more
Journal of Psychosomatic ResearchPsychosocial outcome one year after a first myocardial infarction
90 Citations1984Ingela Wiklund, Harald Sanne +2 more
Emotional distress, self-reported symptoms, avoidance behaviour, overprotection, pessimism and a diminished sexual activity were frequent, indicating a poor adaptation and intervention must take place early and be directed to psychological factors as well as to the cardiac condition.
BMJPsychological rehabilitation after myocardial infarction.
89 Citations1979L D Naismith, Jerome Robinson +2 more
All patients with a negative attitude towards their illness and future had a poor outcome but those with a positive attitude did well, and selection by simple methods of patients who would benefit from psychological rehabilitation seems desirable.
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89 Citations1973Hans G. Thiel, Donald E. Parker +1 more
Preventive MedicineMultiple risk factor reduction in the prevention of cardiovascular disease
89 Citations1974Anthony J. Meyer, Judith B. Henderson
It was predicted that behavior modification and individual counseling treatments would achieve significantly greater initial change than the physician consultation and that the behavior modification treatment would maintain changes longer than either the individual counseling treatment or physician consultation.
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88 Citations1975Ulf Lundberg, Töres Theorell +1 more
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86 Citations1974Antoine Bloch, Jean-Pierre Maeder +3 more
This controlled trial, based on a rigid experimental design, provides important confirmation of the benefits of early mobilization observed in uncontrolled programs in recent years.
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82 Citations1980David S. Krantz
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81 Citations1977Sydney H. Croog, Nigel Richards
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80 Citations1974John G. Bruhn, Alfonso Paredes +2 more
Journal of Psychosomatic ResearchTrajectories of anxiety and depression in denying and nondenying acute myocardial infarction patients during hospitalization
79 Citations1974Arthur P. Froese, Thomas P. Hackett +2 more
As discharge approached trajectories of both anxiety and depression scores appeared on the rise in the denier by a notable mobilization of denial as evidenced by a rise in denial scores, while the non-deniers failed to respond in this fashion.
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CirculationLong-Term Follow-up Study of Survival and Recurrence Rates following Myocardial Infarction in Exercising and Control Subjects
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Psychosomatic MedicineLife Events and Myocardial Infarction Revisited: The Role of Measures of Individual Impact
55 Citations1980D. G. Byrne, H. M. Whyte
It is suggested that due regard for the experiential uniqueness of life event data has strengthened the relationship between life events and MI, which would not have become apparent with the application of a more conservative research strategy.
American Heart JournalSexual problems after myocardial infarction
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Social Science & Medicine (1967)Social involvement and activeness as predictors of morale six months after first myocardial infarction
54 Citations1973Thomas F. Garrity
Although an association between social involvement and morale is found, it appears to be explained by the patient's perception of his health, which calls for a modification of social gerontology's theory of morale.
PubMedEmotional response and clinical severity as early determinants of six-month mortality after myocardial infarction.
54 Citations1975Garrity Tf, Klein Rf
A study which suggests that psychic factors affect six-month mortality rate after myocardial infarction was described, with an emphasis on the acute-care staff's potential for changing patient behavior patterns, and hence, improving eventual patient mortality rates.
HeartDiazepam in acute myocardial infarction. Clinical effects and effects on catecholamines, free fatty acids, and cortisol.
53 Citations1976Morten Nissen Melsom, Paul R. Andreassen +4 more
It is presumed that diazepam causes a lower stress reaction, which is beneficial in diminishing the incidence of malignant arrhythmias and preventing the existing myocardial injury from spreading.
Journal of Human StressPsychological Management of the Myocardial Infarction Patient
50 Citations1975Thomas P. Hackett, Ned H. Cassem
The acute coronary experience is divided into three parts; the pre-hospital phase, attention is devoted to the widespread phenomenon of patient delay, while the post-hospital convalescence centers on the principal psychological problem of this period, depression.
Journal of Human StressLife Change Events, Ballistocardiography and Coronary Death
50 Citations1975Töres Theorell, Richard H. Rahe
Findings of a life change peak preceding ballistocardiographic evidence of an "overworked" heart are discussed in terms of their possible medical and psychophysiological significances.
The British Journal of PsychiatryThe Course and Determinants of Reactions to Myocardial Infarction
49 Citations1979Richard Mayou
The growth of speculative theories about response to physical illness has not been backed by quantitative information and the introduction of standardized measures of psychological and social adjustment has allowed description and analysis of disability for 100 patients and their spouses two and twelve months after a first myocardial infarction.
American Journal of Public Health and the Nations HealthReturn to work and work status following first myocardial infarction.
49 Citations1966Eve Weinblatt, S Shapiro +2 more
Postgraduate Medical JournalThe patient with angina; symptoms and disability
48 Citations1973Richard Mayou
Cardiac and mental states were assessed for men with angina pectoris and it was evident that personality factors are of considerable significance in determining response and adaptation to angina.
Journal of Psychosomatic ResearchPsychological reactions to a coronary care unit
44 Citations1972E.L. Cay, Norman Vetter +2 more
Indifference and lack of reassurance occured predominantly in patients with long standing psycho-social problems, in addition, the patients' current psychological state influenced their attitudes to the unit.
JAMAAcute psychological disturbances preceding life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias
44 Citations1981P. Reich
Journal of Psychosomatic ResearchOutcome two months after myocardial infarction
42 Citations1978Richard Mayou, Barbara Williamson +1 more
There was a wide variation in disability, unrelated to cardiac state, and effects on mental state, physical activity, return to work and compliance are described.
Archives of Environmental Health An International JournalReturn to Work After First Myocardial Infarction
41 Citations1972Sam Shapiro, Eve Weinbiatt +1 more
Age and clinical severity of Ml influence rate of return to work and the proportions of men returning, but hypertension is not a significant factor; under age 55, blue-collar workers are more likely to return to changed jobs; among older men, retirement is more common in theblue-collar group.
HeartAnxiety after a heart attack.
40 Citations1976A. W. Dellipiani, E.L. Cay +5 more
The pattern of anxiety in the Teesside patients resembled that of the Edinburgh patients, and reaction to illness was largely independent of physical aspects, and treatment in hospital did not increase emotional distress.
Annals of Internal MedicinePsychosexual Adjustment and Counseling After Myocardial Infarction
37 Citations1980Michael McLane, HARRY KROP +1 more
The cardiac rehabilitation program should strive for a multidisciplinary team approach and to initiate intervention and counseling as early as medically possible during the hospitalization.
American Heart JournalThe modification of type A behavior in post-infarction patients
37 Citations1979Meyer Friedman
Preventive MedicinePrognostic importance of cholesterol levels after myocardial infarction
36 Citations1984Göran Ulvenstam, Robert Bergstrand +6 more
The association between mortality and cholesterol quintiles was confined to patients under 50 years during the late follow-up period (P = 0.01), whereas there was no association for the other age groups.
Journal of Psychosomatic ResearchCoping with chronic illness: The mediating role of biographic and illness-related factors
33 Citations1982Linda L. Viney, Mary T. Westbrook
The aim of this research was to examine the mediating roles played by a range of biographic and illness-related factors in preferences for strategies for coping with chronic illness, and found preferences for action and control strategies were associated with patient- related factors.
Journal of Rehabilitation MedicineEmotional Reaction, Health Preoccupation and Sexual Activity Two Months After a Myocardial Infarction
31 Citations1984Ingela Wiklund, H Sanne +3 more
Emotional disturbance after MI is considerable and further measures ought to be taken in order to prevent future disability.
The Medical Journal of AustraliaRETURN TO WORK AFTER A MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: EVALUATION OF PLANNED REHABILITATION AND OF A PREDICTIVE RATING SCALE
31 Citations1962Eric Schiller, Jenny Baker
This paper reports the first recorded controlled trial of cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction in men of working age, viewed as a team intervention effort to facilitate the patient's return to normal work.
British Journal of Social and Clinical PsychologyA note on behavioural treatment in the rehabilitation of myocardial infarction patients
31 Citations1980Richard Fielding
The results show a significant reduction in muscle tension in experimental subjects after training, and significant changes were also found respecting covert anxiety.
Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsPsychosomatic Aspects in Myocardial Infarction in Comparison with Angina Pectoris
30 Citations2010M Dongier
Poverty of fantasy life, operational mode of mental functioning, repression and control of emotional reactions appear predominantly in the former, and predominance of obsessive-compulsive character defences, more in myocardial infarction than in angina pectoris without myocardials.
Psychosomatic MedicineDeterminants of Angina Pectoris
28 Citations1967Cornelis B. Bakker, Robert M. Levenson
Follow‐up indicated that the anxiety of both patient and doctor aroused by angina pectoris resulted in much delay in the rehabilitation of the patients in this group, even though for the period in which they were followed they had no greater mortality or morbidity than the group without anginapectoris.
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27 Citations1979Davidson Dm
An integrated program of emotional support, education, and physical activity is recommended to facilitate restoration of the individual's self-esteem following myocardial infarction.
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27 Citations1979Barbara L. Johnston, John D. Cantwell +2 more
The data suggest that physically trained post-myocardial infarction patients decrease frequency of coitus significantly more than physically trained patients with myocardial revascularization and suggests a "bedroom benefit" of medically supervised exercise in selected patients after infarctions.
Journal of Behavioral MedicineThe relationship between perceived challenge and daily symptom reporting in Type A vs. Type B postinfarct subjects
26 Citations1980Ronald P. Schlegel, J. K. Wellwood +3 more
Results indicate that Type A postinfarct patients did not suppress fatigue relative to Type B's during the bicycle ergometer exercise, however, Type A's who scored high on perceived challenge during the course of daily living did report fewer symptoms than Type B’s.
Journal of Psychosomatic ResearchIllness behaviour and outcome following survived myocardial infarction: A prospective study
24 Citations1981D. G. Byrne, H. M. Whyte +1 more
Several aspects of illness behaviour evident soon after MI were found to be predictive of outcome and those failing to return to work at 8 months were more likely to have accepted the sick role and expressed subjective feelings of tension following the initial MI.
International Rehabilitation MedicineSome factors influencing quality of sexual life after myocardial infarction
24 Citations1983Kerstin Sjögren, Axel R. Fugl‐Meyer
The findings indicate that both biologic and psychosocial factors are influential on the emergence of sexual dysfunction and, therefore, frustration in male survivors of one myocardial infarction.
Acta Medica ScandinavicaResumption of Work after Acute Myocardial Infarction
22 Citations1976Erik Kjøller
Age was found to be the main factor to determine whether or not patients would be able to resume work, whereas the number of experienced infarctions as well as signs and/or symptoms of heart failure during the acute phase were of no consequence.
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22 Citations1975Baruch Kushnir, Fox Km +3 more
Delays in return to work within 4 months of discharge from hospital was seen in patients who were not given an early hospital follow-up appointment and in those who attibuted their illness to aspects of their work.
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21 Citations1979D. G. Byrne
It was suggested that an awareness of psychological responses to past crises may sensitize coronary care medical staff to those patients most at risk of an adverse emotional response to the present crisis (MI), and so facilitate rapid referral to liaison psychology services for intervention.
Journal of Psychosomatic ResearchSociological characteristics and myocardial infarctions
21 Citations1973Evy Lind, Töres Theorell
Differences were generally more accentuated in the ages below 50 than between 50 an 60, and one gets the impression that the young male infarction patient has been a “non-adapter” long before he developes his coronary heart disease.
Journal of Psychosomatic ResearchMorale in coronary patients following an exercise programme
20 Citations1981Glyn Prosser, Peter Carson +7 more
The chief psychological effect of the exercise programme was to give confidence to the patients, and both groups improved in morale over the period.
Journal of Rehabilitation MedicineSick-role and Attitude Towards Disease and Working Life Two Months After a Myocardial Infarction
19 Citations1984Ingela Wiklund, H Sanne +2 more
Sick-role and attitude towards disease and work two months after a first myocardial infarction (MI) were studied in relation to social, psychological and somatic factors prior to, during and after the MI in 201 consecutive male patients.
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17 Citations1979Jawahar L. Mehta, Harry Krop
It is shown that high frequencies of sexual dysfunctioning occurred, specifically erectile difficulties, premature ejaculation and retarded ejaculation, and the need for active sexual counseling as part of a comprehensive rehabilitation program is discussed.
The Medical Journal of AustraliaIS CARDIAC REHABILITATION REALLY NECESSARY?
13 Citations1973R. Me. Thockloth, Shu‐Chuan Ho +2 more
There was a statistically significant difference in the time of return to work between the two groups, in addition to an improved sense of well‐being in the treated group.
Journal of Psychosomatic ResearchEmotional adjustment and catecholamine excretion during early recovery from myocardial infarction
13 Citations1974Robert F. Klein, Thomas F. Garrity +1 more
International Rehabilitation MedicineAnxiety in Coronary Patients
13 Citations1982David R. Thompson, Christine Cordle +1 more
The mean anxiety scores achieved on the self-rating score showed a statistically significant increase in anxiety between the ward and 6 weeks post-discharge.
CardiologyReturn to Work after Myocardial Infarction
12 Citations2008E. O. Krasemann, H Jungmann
The period of inability to work after acute myocardial infarction was examined in follow-up studies and the reliability of the rehabilitation clinic's prediction as to the expected date of return to work was checked.
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12 Citations1977Kathleen Obier, Margie MacPherson +1 more
The type and number of psychosocial problems of survivors and non-survivors of acute myocardial infarction have predictive prognostic value.
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10 Citations1972George M. Woodwark, Marie R. Gauthier
Patients during convalescence from complications of coronary artery disease were assessed for improved understanding of the underlying disease and also for improved compliance with physicians' prescriptions.
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8 Citations1979Harry Krop, David E. Hall +1 more
Investigation of the psychological aspects of a patient's own outlook following his myocardial infarction and the quantity and quality of communication between the patient and his physician regarding concerns shows that few of the patients communicated their concerns to their physician and those discussions which were held were usually initiated by the patient.
Journal of Human StressLiaison Psychiatry on a Coronary Care Unit
7 Citations1975Richard H. Rahe
This paper presents several of the author's experiences as a liaison psychiatrist on coronary care units and results are given from an experimental program of group therapy as an adjunct to the treatment of post-myocardial infarction patients.
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6 Citations1972Eric Schiller
Cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction is presented as a comprehensive approach to the patient and methods used and results achieved in a cardiac rehabilitation unit illustrate this approach.
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4 Citations1979A. E. Philip, E.L. Cay +3 more
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4 Citations1980CHARLES K. BILLINGS
Therapeutic interventions are possible to smooth the patient's passage through these psychologic stages: cognitive structuring, environmental manipulation, relaxation exercises, anticipation, encouragement, physical conditioning and activity, and group interactions.
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3 Citations1983Töres Theorell
Psychotherapy has been demonstrated to be of value in a number of studies, especially in patients who were anxious and who had a poorer physical state, and guidelines are provided for future studies.
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3 Citations1980G Campailla, De Vanna M +1 more
The authors have isolated, by means of factorial analysis on a specimen group of 86 stroke patients, a group of 23 subjects who showed a remarkable level of self-depressive tendencies and fear of improbable relapse, not corresponding to the severity of the stroke.
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