Transformations: The Anthropology Of Children'S Play

Abstract

One Anthropological Play, Culture, and Anthropology.- Play: Definitions, Classifications, and Reductions.- Playing Anthropologist.- Two The Invention of Childhood.- Conceiving Childhood: The First Invention.- Reinventions of Childhood.- The American Cultivation of Childhood: 1830-1945.- The Cult of Childhood: 1945-1970.- The Culture of Childhood and Anthropologists' Metaphors for Children.- The Child as Primitive.- The Child as Copycat.- The Child as Personality Trainee.- The Child as Monkey.- The Child as Critic.- The Great Pretenders.- Three Describing Play: Ethnographic Reports.- Asia.- Oceania.- Central and South America.- North America.- Africa.- Near East.- Europe.- Summary.- Four Staging Play: Evolutionary and Developmental Studies.- Stages and Survivals.- Recapitulation: G. Stanley Hall.- On Morals and Marbles: Jean Piaget.- The Ontogeny of Staging Play: Comment and Critique.- Summary.- Five Preserving Play: Diffusionism and Particularism.- Game Diffusion and the Patolli-Pachisi Debate.- Particularism: The Facts of William Wells Newell: American Children's Games and Songs.- Early Collections and Classifications.- Walter Roth: Australian Aborigine Games.- Elsdon Best: Maori Children's Games.- Paul G. Brewster: Game Collections and Classifications.- Brian Sutton-Smith: New Zealand and American Children's Games.- Dorothy Howard: Australian Children's Games.- Iona and Peter Opie: English Children's Games and Rhymes.- Favorite Collectors' Items.- Summary.- Six Socializing Play: Functional Analysis.- A. R. Radcliffe-Brown and Bronislaw Malinowski.- Functionalists and Socializing Play: The Kibbutz.- Socializing Play: The Australian Aborigine.- Socializing Play: The Kpelle.- Play and Sex Roles.- Games and Power Roles.- Imitation, Imagination, and Culture.- Play: Socialization, Satirization, or Innovation?.- Summary.- Seven Projecting Play: Culture and Personality.- Configurationists.- Psychocultural Analysis.- Freud on Projecting Play: The Pilaga.- Projecting Play: The Duau.- New Methodologies: The Hopi and the Balinese.- African Children's Play: The Luba, Sanga, and Yeke.- Freudians on Statistics and Culture: Freud and Learning Theory.- Projecting Play in Six Cultures.- Games and Culture.- Summary.- Eight Saying Play: Communication Studies.- The Difference That Makes a Difference: Gregory Bateson.- Play and Paradox: The Message This Is Play.- The Single Signal.- Winking or Blinking? Text and Context.- Saying Play: The Mescalero Apache Child.- Saying Play: The American Preschool Child.- Children's Play in a Research Laboratory: Organizing Transformations.- Children's Play in a Day-Care Center: Sideways Transformations.- Summary.- Nine Minding Play: Structural and Cognitive Studies.- The Player's Perspective.- The Researcher's Perspective.- Minding Play: Piaget versus Sutton-Smith.- Piaget's Assimilation of Play and Learning.- Rhymes and Reasons: Children's Verbal Play Languages.- Verbal Dueling.- Riddles.- Vocabulary Games.- Narratives.- Summary.- Ten Defining Play: Ecology, Ethology, and Experiments.- Environmental Definitions: Toys and Niches.- Behavioral Definitions: Child Ethology.- Play and Exploration.- Behavioral Definitions: Experimental Studies.- Play and Creativity.- Summary.- Eleven Conclusion: New Metaphors for Old.- Twelve Selected References and Films.- Films on Children's Other Films of Interest to Play Researchers.- References.