Genetic variation in the stress response: susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and implications for human inflammatory disease
Immunology TodayPublished 1 February 1991
Don Mason
Citations255
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Don Mason illustrates how genetic variation in the magnitude of such a response can determine susceptibility to an experimental autoimmune disease in rats and discusses the implications for susceptibility to inflammatory diseases in humans.
Abstract
Glucocorticoids that are released from the adrenal glands in response to stress can have profound effects on the immune system. Here, Don Mason illustrates how genetic variation in the magnitude of such a response can determine susceptibility to an experimental autoimmune disease in rats and discusses the implications for susceptibility to inflammatory diseases in humans. He also addresses the possible long-term effects of glucocorticoids on the balance between the cell-mediated and the humoral aspects of immunity and how this balance may influence the temporal development of an immune reaction.
Keywords
Immunology and MicrobiologyMedicineNeuroscience
Annual Review of ImmunologyTH1 and TH2 Cells: Different Patterns of Lymphokine Secretion Lead to Different Functional Properties
7,579 Citations1989Tim R. Mosmann, Robert L. Coffman
Two types of cloned helper T cells are described, defined primarily by differences in the pattern of lymphokines ynthesized, and the different functions of the two types of cells and their lymphokine synthesis are discussed.
Endocrine ReviewsPhysiological Functions of Glucocorticoids in Stress and Their Relation to Pharmacological Actions*
3,094 Citations1984Allan Munck, Paul M. Guyre +1 more
It is proposed that stress-induced increases in glucocorticoid levels protect not against the source of stress itself but rather against the body's normal reactions to stress, preventing those reactions from overshooting and themselves threatening homeostasis.
The Journal of Experimental MedicineTwo types of mouse T helper cell. IV. Th2 clones secrete a factor that inhibits cytokine production by Th1 clones.
2,749 Citations1989David Fiorentino, M W Bond +1 more
Biochemical characterization, mAbs, and recombinant or purified cytokines showed that CSIF is distinct from IL-1,IL-2, IL-3, IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, TGF-beta, TNF, LT, and P40, and the potential role of CSIF in crossregulation of Th1 and Th2 responses is discussed.
ScienceInterleukin-1 Stimulates the Secretion of Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor
1,516 Citations1987Robert M. Sapolsky, Catherine Rivier +3 more
In this report, human IL-1 is shown to activate the adrenocortical axis at the level of the brain, stimulating the release of the controlling hormone corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) from the hypothalamus.
The Journal of Experimental MedicineReciprocal expression of interferon gamma or interleukin 4 during the resolution or progression of murine leishmaniasis. Evidence for expansion of distinct helper T cell subsets.
1,455 Citations1989Frederick P. Heinzel, M D Sadick +3 more
The inverse relationship of IFN-gamma and IL-4 gene expression during leishmaniasis may underlie the divergence of cellular and humoral immunity that occurs during chronic infection with Leishmania and possibly other intracellular parasites.
ScienceCorticotropin-Releasing Factor-Producing Neurons in the Rat Activated by Interleukin-1
1,161 Citations1987F. Berkenbosch, Joep van Oers +3 more
Immunological ReviewsCorticosteroid‐Mediated Immunoregulation in Man
893 Citations1982Thomas R. Cupps, Anthony S. Fauci
Observations that activated lymphocytes may be sensitive to the lytic effects of glucocorticoids suggest that under certain situations the elimination of selected subsets of cells may be a relevant mechanism of corticosteroid-mediated immunoregulation in man.
ScienceRelease of Multiple Hormones by a Direct Action of Interleukin-1 on Pituitary Cells
673 Citations1987Edward W. Bernton, Judith E. Beach +3 more
The Journal of Experimental MedicineCure of murine leishmaniasis with anti-interleukin 4 monoclonal antibody. Evidence for a T cell-dependent, interferon gamma-independent mechanism.
623 Citations1990M D Sadick, Frederick P. Heinzel +4 more
Data suggest a novel mechanism of cellular immunity established by interference with the development of Th2 cells during infection in BALB/c mice that was adoptively transferable and was dependent on both CD4+ and CD8+ cells.
The Journal of ImmunologyIL-4 down-regulates IL-1 and TNF gene expression in human monocytes.
418 Citations1989Richard Essner, Kristina Rhoades +3 more
The results suggest IL-4 modulates monocyte production of TNF and IL-1 by down-regulation of gene expression, which may be important in the regulation of the immune response.
European Journal of ImmunologyContrasting effects of glucocorticoids on the capacity of T cells to produce the growth factors interleukin 2 and interleukin 4
368 Citations1989Raymond A. Daynes, Barbara A. Araneo
Production of the murine T cell growth factors interleukin (IL)2 and IL 4 are differentially regulated by glucocorticoid (GCS) hormones, implying that GCS hormones function to control the pattern of lymphokines produced by activated T cells.
The Journal of Experimental MedicineSpontaneous recovery of rats from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis is dependent on regulation of the immune system by endogenous adrenal corticosteroids.
334 Citations1989Iain MacPhee, F. Antoni +1 more
It is concluded that endogenous corticosterone release in rats with EAE plays an essential role in the spontaneous recovery that is observed in this condition, and the subsequent refractory phase that is characteristic of rats that have recovered from EAE induced by active immunization with MBP is not associated with chronically elevated cortic testosterone levels.
The Journal of Experimental MedicineAdrenalectomy sensitizes mice to the lethal effects of interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor.
292 Citations1988Riccardo Bertini, Marina Bianchi +1 more
The lethality of endotoxin, TNF, or IL-1 was totally prevented by pretreatment with dexamethasone but not by ibuprofen, and Adrenalectomy rendered mice susceptible to TNF andIL-1.
Advances in immunologyExperimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis and Autoimmune Disease
280 Citations1966Philip Y. Paterson
This chapter discusses experimental autoimmunity using experimental allergic encephalomyelitis as a prototype to make possible a firsthand presentation both of its well-established facets and of the still outstanding questions relating to the nature of the immunological mechanisms that produce the pathological lesions.
Immunological ReviewsRegulation of T‐Cell Activation; Differences among T‐Cell Subsets
269 Citations1989Thomas F. Gajewskj, Scott R. Schell +2 more
The results suggest that antigen concentration may play a role in determining which predominant T-cell types proliferate in a particular immunological situation.
The Journal of Experimental MedicineT cells that help B cell responses to soluble antigen are distinguishable from those producing interleukin 2 on mitogenic or allogeneic stimulation.
214 Citations1986Robert Arthur, Don Mason
The data show that inducer/helper T cells comprise two functional subsets: one that, on appropriate stimulation, synthesizes high levels of IL-2, and may therefore be presumed to play an important role in cell-mediated immunity, and another that plays an essential role in humoral responses to soluble antigens.
PubMedThe role of the neuroendocrine system in determining genetic susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the rat.
200 Citations1990Don Mason, Iain MacPhee +1 more
It is shown that PVG rats that had been adrenalectomized developed severe disease from which they do not recover, and resistance to the induction of EAE could not be abrogated by adrenalectomy in all strains of rats studied.
The Journal of Experimental MedicineIMMUNE RESPONSE TO CHEMICALLY MODIFIED FLAGELLIN
194 Citations1972Christopher R. Parish, F Y Liew
It was observed that, in contrast to adult tolerance, administration of the CNBr digest to neonatal rats induced complete tolerance at the level of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
The Journal of Experimental MedicineExperimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the absence of a classical delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. Severe paralytic disease correlates with the presence of interleukin 2 receptor-positive cells infiltrating the central nervous system.
180 Citations1987Jonathon D. Sedgwick, Steven W. Brostoff +1 more
The findings reported herein support the conclusion that the paralysis characteristic of acute EAE is mediated by the direct action of very small numbers of activated CD4+ lymphocytes that infiltrate the CNS and produce their effects by inducing vascular damage.
The Journal of ImmunologyRecurrent Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in the Lewis Rat
153 Citations1974Dale E. McFarlin, Susan E. Blank +1 more
By providing supportive care during the acute episode of EAE, the majority of rats rapidly recovered and approximately 1 week later developed a second clinical episode, albeit milder than the first, and the frequency of the second episode was age related.
The Journal of Experimental MedicineInduction of high-affinity interleukin 1 receptor on human peripheral blood lymphocytes by glucocorticoid hormones.
148 Citations1988Tohru Akahoshi, Joost J. Oppenheim +1 more
This study presents the first evidence of upregulation of the receptors for IL-1 by GC, and may account for the reported enhancement of in vitro and in vivo humoral immune responses by GCs.
The Journal of ImmunologyAdoptive Transfer of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis: Incubation of Rat Spleen Cells with Specific Antigen
144 Citations1979John R. Richert, Bernard F. Driscoll +2 more
It is reported here that incubation with specific antigen, BP, also permits transfer of disease with spleen cells and cellular proliferation does not appear to be necessary for in vitro activation withspecific antigen.
The Journal of ImmunologyExperimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in the Lewis Rat: Studies on the Mechanism of Recovery from Disease and Acquired Resistance to Reinduction
133 Citations1979David O. Willenborg
These experiments provide evidence against clonal deletion as the mechanism of recovery from and resistance to reinduction of EAE and suggest the operation of an active suppressor mechanism in convalescent rats.
Journal of NeuroimmunologyLow-dose cyclosporin A induces relapsing remitting experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat
92 Citations1988Chris H. Polman, I. Matthaei +4 more
The Journal of ImmunologyGenetic Control of Susceptibility to Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis and the Ag-B Locus of Rats
87 Citations1975David L. Gasser, Joy Palm +1 more
Injection of guinea pig spinal cord with complete Freund's adjuvant induces EAE in Lewis (Ag-B1) and DA ( Ag-B4) rats, but not in rats of the BN (B3) strain.
PubMedMemory CD4+ T cells in man form two distinct subpopulations, defined by their expression of isoforms of the leucocyte common antigen, CD45.
79 Citations1990Donald W. Mason, Fiona Powrie
Results presented in this paper show the presence of a third CD4+ T-cell subset and that this extra subset is contained within the population originally shown to provide memory T- cell function.
ScienceEffect of Stress on Skin Transplantation Immunity in Mice
73 Citations1960Richard Wistar, W. H. Hildemann
PubMedThe susceptibility of rat strains to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.
45 Citations1973Richard A. Hughes, Jitka Stedronska
Nine rat strains were immunized with guinea-pig spinal cord emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant and the production of antibodies to galactocerebroside was defined, and the results do not support the previous suggestion that these antibodies might protect animals from EAE.
The Journal of ImmunologyLinkage of severity of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis to the rat major histocompatibility locus.
44 Citations1980Matt Moore, Daniel E. Singer +1 more
Analysis of LBNF2, LBC, BNBC, and parental Lewis strain reveals that severity is primarily a function of dose of Lewis MHC alleles.
Immunology TodayGenetic and molecular aspects of demyelination
40 Citations1986Nicholas K. Gonatas, Mark I. Greene +1 more
Three groups of investigators came together to learn from each other in a workshop interested in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and other demyelinative diseases of man and similar autoimmune and virus-induced model diseases in animals.
Journal of the Neurological SciencesExperimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat
35 Citations1987Hiroko Minagawa, Akira Takenaka +2 more
Relapse of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was achieved in Lewis rats by cyclophosphamide (CY) and adoptive transfer of EAE to naive recipients with Con A-activated spleen cells from donors with CY-induced relapse was unsuccessful.
PubMedThe role of serum factors in the suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: evidence for immunoregulation by antibody to the encephalitogenic peptide.
33 Citations1990Iain MacPhee, Michael Day +1 more
It was shown that treatment with some convalescent sera from Day 7 after immunization also suppressed the disease, indicating that rats immunized with MBP in FCA could become refractory to EAE without assayable levels of suppressive activity in their sera.
The Journal of ImmunologyRole of the Adrenals in Stress Induced Resistance to Anaphylactic Shock
25 Citations1961Perry E. Treadwell, A. F. Rasmussen
An increase in resistance to passive anaphylaxis in mice regularly follows acute, 6hr, or chronic, 6 hr per day for 4 weeks, shuttle box stress did not develop in stressed, adrenalectomized mice.