GENETICS OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
Annual Review of GeneticsPublished 1 December 1990
Jeffrey C. Hall
Citations102
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score6.46
SNIP2.51
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It is your own time to continue reading habit and one of the books you can enjoy now is the genetics of circadian rhythms here.
Abstract
Orthologs and paralogs are two fundamentally different types of homologous genes that evolved, respectively, by vertical descent from a single ancestral gene and by duplication. Orthology and paralogy are key concepts of evolutionary genomics. A ...Read More
Keywords
Neuroscience
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CellMolecular analysis of the period locus in Drosophila melanogaster and identification of a transcript involved in biological rhythms
425 Citations1984Pranhitha Reddy, William A. Zehring +5 more
Evidence is discussed, from previously reported genetic and phenotypic analysis of per's function, suggesting that this region may be complex and that several gene products from the per region, including this 0.9 kb transcript, may be involved in the different aspects of normal rhythmicity influenced by this clock gene.
NeuronAntibodies to the period gene product of drosophila reveal diverse tissue distribution and rhythmic changes in the visual system
402 Citations1988Kathleen K. Siwicki, Cheryl Eastman +3 more
The intensity of per-specific staining in the visual system was found to oscillate, defining a free-running circadian rhythm with a peak in the middle of the night.
NatureSingle base deletion in the vasopressin gene is the cause of diabetes insipidus in Brattleboro rats
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In rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro rats) the gene for the vasopressin precursor lacks a single G residue in the protein-coding region, which gives rise to an open reading frame predicting a hormone precursor having a different C-terminus.
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Both circadian rhythms and a very short, noncircadian oscillation appear to be influenced by the same gene.
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ScienceMolecular Cloning of Genes Under Control of the Circadian Clock in <i>Neurospora</i>
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RNA blot analysis verified that the abundance of the transcripts arising from these genes oscillates with a period of 21.5 hours in a clock wild-type strain and 29 hours in the long-period clock mutant strain frq7, providing a view of the extent of clock control of gene expression.
NatureChanges in abundance or structure of the per gene product can alter periodicity of the Drosophila clock
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It is suggested that perl and pers mutants produce hypoactive and hyperactive per proteins, respectively, which are inversely correlated with period length, so that flies with lowest levels of the per product have slow-running biological clocks.
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225 Citations1989C. Robertson McClung, Barbara A. Fox +1 more
The cloning and analysis of the frq locus are reported and show it to be larger and more complex than would have been predicted from the available genetic data, and suggests the possibility of a common element in the clock mechanisms of these two organisms.
Choice Reviews OnlineThe timing of biological clocks
197 Citations1988
The timing of biological clocks is concerned with the response of the immune system to changes in the number of beating heartbeats over a period of hours.
ScienceMolecular Transfer of a Species-specific Behavior from <i>Drosophila simulans</i> to <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>
185 Citations1991David A. Wheeler, Charalambos P. Kyriacou +5 more
Drosophila males modulate the interpulse intervals produced during their courtship songs, which are altered by mutations in the clock gene period and exhibit a species-specific variation that facilitates mating.
Journal of NeurogeneticsGerm-Line Transformation Involving DNA from the<i>period</i>Locus in<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>: Overlapping Genomic Fragments that Restore Circadian and Ultradian Rhythmicity to<i>per<sup>0</sup></i>and<i>per<sup>−</sup></i>Mutants
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P-element-mediated transformations involving DNA fragments from the period (per) clock gene of Drosophila melanogaster have shown that several subsegments of the locus restore rhythmicity to per0 or per- mutants.
Genes & DevelopmentSpatial and temporal expression of the period gene in Drosophila melanogaster.
158 Citations1988X Liu, Lori J. Lorenz +3 more
It is suggested that many of the tissues that express the per gene contain their own intrinsic oscillator activity in Drosophila melanogaster, which agrees well with previous estimates made from developmental Northern blots with RNA extracted from wild-type animals.
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The pero1 and the pers mutations in Drosophila melanogaster, which seem to eliminate or speed up, respectively, the clocks underlying biological rhythmicity, were mapped to single nucleotides.
Developmental BiologyCell degeneration in the developing optic lobes of the sine oculis and small-optic-lobes mutants of Drosophila melanogaster
156 Citations1984K. F. Fischbach, Gerhard M. Technau
The analysis of chimeric flies demonstrates that degeneration in the optic lobes of so flies is a consequence of eye reduction, and at the level of the second optic chiasma extensive axonal degeneration can be observed in the mutant.
CellThe period clock locus of D. melanogaster codes for a proteoglycan
144 Citations1986Pranhitha Reddy, Agnes C. Jacquier +3 more
To determine whether the per transcript codes for a proteoglycan, a region of its coding sequence was expressed (in bacteria) as part of a fusion protein, which was used to immunize rabbits and detected an antigen that is present in wild-type flies and absent in a per- mutant.
Journal of Biological RhythmsThe Circadian Basis of Ovarian Diapause Regulation in Drosophila melanogaster: Is the period Gene Causally Involved in Photoperiodic Time Measurement?
143 Citations1990D.S. Saunders
The results suggest that photoperiodic induction and locomotor activity do not share a common pacemaker in D. melanogaster, and that the per gene is not causally involved in nightlength measurement by the photoperperiodic clock, although flies in which the per locus is missing (per-) or defective (perol ) show an altered critical value.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGYCircadian Rhythm of the Prokaryote <i>Synechococcus</i> sp. RF-1
138 Citations1990Tan-Chi Huang, Jenn Tu +2 more
Because the endogenous rhythm of nitrogen fixation was not affected by a phase-shift of its previous cycles, the circadian rhythm in Synechococcus sp.
Molecular Brain ResearchDay-night variation in prepro vasoactive intestinal peptide/peptide histidine isoleucine mRNA within the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus
128 Citations1990H. Elliott Albers, Edward G. Stopa +6 more
Data suggest that the rhythmicity in prepro-VIP/PHI mRNA is an intrinsic property of VIP/ PHI-containing SCN neurons, or rhythmically driven by local synaptic events within the SCN.
HeredityClock mutations alter developmental timing in Drosophila
126 Citations1990C. P. Kyriacou, M Oldroyd +3 more
The developmental time of period mutants in Drosophila melanogaster was monitored and it was observed that the pers mutants, which have short 19 h circadian cycles, develop faster from eggs to adult than the wild-type: perL mutants, who have long 28 h circadian rhythms, complete development more slowly than theWild-type.
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The testis—seminal ducts complex from the gypsy moth is photosensitive and contains a circadian pacemaker, which controls the rhythm of sperm movement, which extends the range of structures in multicellular organisms known to contain circadian oscillators and provides a new model system in which circadian mechanisms may be studied.
Trends in GeneticsClosely watched clocks: molecular analysis of circadian rhythms in Neurospora and Drosophila
105 Citations1990Jay Dunlap
The recent identification and molecular analysis of clock-controlled genes is revealing how biological clocks control gene expression, and may pave the way for the isolation of novel 'clock genes' in the future.
The EMBO JournalThe period gene of Drosophila carries species‐specific behavioral instructions.
104 Citations1988Gabriele Petersen, J. C. Hall +1 more
The results suggest that the primary amino acid sequence of the per gene encodes species‐specific behavioral instructions that are detectable when only the per Gene is transferred to a different species.
Neuroscience LettersTwo brain nuclei controlling circadian rhythms are identified by GFAP immunoreactivity in hamsters and rats
93 Citations1989Lawrence P. Morin, Ralph F. Johnson +1 more
It is demonstrated that both the IGL and SCN in the hamster and rat are specifically delineated by the presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein-like immunoreactivity, which is significantly greater than in most other diencephalic regions and is particularly dense in theHamster brain.
Neurospora crassa: A Unique System for Studying Circadian Rhythms
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The value of E. coli to molecular biology, the mammalian red blood cell to membrane biochemistry, and the oat coleoptile to plant physiology has been well-documented.
Animal BehaviourSpectral analysis of Drosophila courtship song rhythms
84 Citations1989Charalambos P. Kyriacou, Jeffrey C. Hall
A large body of data was reanalysed with appropriate time series analyses and results confirm the original conclusions based on regression about song cycles in Drosophila courtship songs.
Journal of Neurogenetics<i>Drosophila Ebony</i>Mutants Have Altered Circadian Activity Rhythms but Normal Eclosion Rhythms
78 Citations1991Laurel M. Newby, F. Rob Jackson
It is shown that mutants carrying any one of five ebony alleles display complex and variable locomotor activity rhythms, and ebony mutations have no apparent impact on the circadian rhythm of adult eclosion, and thus exert rhythm-specific effects on circadian periodicity.
Journal of NeurogeneticsA New Mutation at the<i>Period</i>Locus of<i>Drosophila Melanogaster</i>With Some Novel Effects on Circadian Rhythms
77 Citations1989Melanie J. Hamblen-Coyle, Ronald J. Konopka +5 more
A new period mutation has been induced and characterized in D. melanogaster that causes flies to be apparently arrhythmic in tests of locomotor activity and thus is superficially similar to the original per01 mutant, yet the new "zero" allele, per04, has some novel properties and effects.
Molecular and General Genetics MGGMosaic analysis of a Drosophila clock mutant
72 Citations1983Ronald J. Konopka, Steven Wells +1 more
Gynandromorphs that showed mosaicism for an X chromosome carrying a short-period (pers) circadian clock mutation and several visible mutations were produced by two different methods, suggesting that the oscillators in the two halves of the brain were of different genotype and could function independently.
The EMBO JournalEmbryonic expression of the period clock gene in the central nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster.
56 Citations1986Anthony James, John Ewer +3 more
It is suggested that the 4.5‐kb mRNA has a developmental role for establishing mechanisms that are necessary for eventual expression of clock functions.
Journal of Theoretical BiologyCircadian rhythms in Drosophila melanogaster: Analysis of period as a function of gene dosage at the per(period) locus
54 Citations1986Gary G. Coté, Stuart Brody
Three possible roles for the per gene product in circadian rhythmicity are discussed, including a role in synchronizing rhythm-producing cells and an explanation for the partial dominance of pers over per+ and the dominance of per+ over per1.
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52 Citations1991Ronald J. Konopka, Randall F. Smith +1 more
A new clock mutant, named Andante, has been identified on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster and analysis of locomotor activity rhythms reveals that Andante is semi-dominant, and Andante rhythms are highly temperature compensated.
NatureAn inducible promoter fused to the period gene in Drosophila conditionally rescues adult per-mutant arrhythmicity
51 Citations1988John Ewer, Michael Rosbash +1 more
Experiments with arrhythmic per mutants bearing an inducible form of this gene indicate that strongly rhythmic adult behaviour can be obtained only if per expression is induced in the adult, independent of its history of expression earlier in development.
Behavior GeneticsDrosophila courtship song cycles in normal andperiod mutant males revisited
48 Citations1990C. P. Kyriacou, M. J. Van den Berg +1 more
Courtship songs of normal males and those expressing short-period, long- period, and arrhythmic mutations at theperiod (per) locus of Drosophila melanogaster have been reanalyzed for rhythmic components, using spectral treatments of the fluctuating rates of tone pulse production that occur during courtship.
Journal of Molecular EvolutionMolecular evolution in theDrosophila yakuba period locus
42 Citations1990Justin Thackeray, Charalabos P. Kyriacou
The results suggest that the divergence observed in the less well-conserved regions of theper protein is principally due to reduced selective constraint, although the limitations of the method used prevent positive selection acting upon a small proportion of sites being ruled out.
Journal of NeuroscienceSpecificity of circadian function in transplants of the fetal suprachiasmatic nucleus
42 Citations1989David J. Earnest, C. D. Sladek +2 more
Grafts of the SCN primordium were characterized by clusters of parvicellular neurons immunopositive for VP or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) that resembled the cell groups of the in situ SCN, and transplants of the presumptive PVN did not contain neurons immunoreactive for VIP, and the VP neurons in these grafts resembled the neurosecretory cells of the PVN.
NeuronAn antibody to the Drosophila period protein recognizes circadian pacemaker neurons in Aplysia and Bulla
42 Citations1989Kathleen K. Siwick, Stefan Strack +3 more
An antibody specific for the per protein labels putative circadian pacemaker neurons and fibers in eyes of two marine gastropods, Aplysia and Bulla, finding that there is a daily rhythm in the levels of the per-like antigen in AplySia eyes.
Animal BehaviourFailure to confirm rhythms in Drosophila courtship song
40 Citations1988Stella A. Crossley
Two songs considered rhythmic by one of the two workers who first reported this behaviour were found to be arrhythmic because the analysis used earlier was inappropriate for identifying song cycles.
Plant ScienceLight-regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase mRNA in leaves of C4 plants: Evidence for phytochrome control on transcription during greening and for rhythmicity
34 Citations1990Martine Thomas, Claude Crétin +4 more
In plants grown in normal photoperiodic conditions, the PEPC-RNA pool followed a rhythmical behaviour, being low at night and recovering its maximum level the following day, however, after 24 h of dark treatment, both the RNA pool and the transcription capacity were found to be strongly decreased and in contrast, thePEPC protein remained constant during the same developmental period.
Brain ResearchCalcium in phase control of theBulla circadian pacemaker
33 Citations1990Sat Bir S. Khalsa, Gene D. Block
The hypothesis that calcium fluxes play a pivotal role in the entrainment pathway of the circadian pacemaker is discussed, where a transmembrane calcium flux is known to be essential for both light and depolarization-induced phase shifting.
Journal of Comparative Physiology ACircadian and light-induced conductance changes in putative pacemaker cells of Bulla gouldiana
31 Citations1990MartinR. Ralph, GeneD. Block
It is suggested that a reduction in membrane conductance may underlie the observed membrane depolarizations at subjective dawn and in response to light at night; however, the causal relationship between these effects will require the identification of specific ion conductances that are regulated under these circumstances.
Behavior GeneticsHigh-resolution analysis of locomotor activity rhythms indisconnected, a visual-system mutant ofDrosophila melanogaster
30 Citations1989Harold B. Dowse, Mitchell S. Dushay +2 more
It is hypothesized that light normally triggers the coupling of multiple ultradian oscillators into a functional circadian clock and that this process is disrupted indisco flies as a result of the neural lesion.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGYEntrainment and Phase-Shifting of the Circadian Rhythm of Cell Division by Calcium in Synchronous Cultures of the Wild-Type Z Strain and of the ZC Achlorophyllous Mutant of <i>Euglena gracilis</i>
21 Citations1990C. Tamponnet, Leland N. Edmunds
These results implicate calcium in clock function, although it is likely that only a small portion of the total intracellular Ca(2+) ion is playing a role since the period of the division rhythm in cultures grown in the continuous presence of excess Ca( 2+) or under LoCa was not altered significantly.
Journal of Comparative Physiology BA circadian rhythm in RNA in the dinoflagellate,Gonyaulax polyedra
19 Citations1983Brigitte Walz, Alfred Walz +1 more
A role of transcription in the expression of circadian rhythmicity in Gonyaulax polyedra is suggested, as measured by the fluorescence of cells stained with acridine orange, which could be phase-shifted by light in the same way as the rhythm in bioluminescence.
Cellular and Molecular Life SciencesCorrelated responses in lines ofDrosophila melanogaster selected for different oviposition behaviours
18 Citations1989R. Allemand, Josselyne Boulétreau-Merle
Results showed a genetic correlation between the two behaviours, suggesting a common mechanism for the control of oviposition, independently of the origin and the duration of oocyte retention.
Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de BiochimieThe molecular mechanism of circadian rhythms
11 Citations1989Th. Vanden Driessche
Considering the complexity of the cell's organization and the occurence of partial arrhythmicity, CR generation might result from the integration of a few physiological and metabolic pathways normally involving at least one feed-back loop.
Biochemical Society TransactionsCircadian oscillations in protein and mRNA levels of the <i>period</i> gene of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>
11 Citations1991Laurence J. Zwiebel, Paul E. Hardin +2 more
Attempts to interpret the recent observations concerning circadian fluctuations of per protein levels and per RNA levels are designed to understand how these fluctuations might fit with a role for the per gene product as part of one or more of these three components.
Cellular and Molecular NeurobiologyDiurnal changes in actin mRNA levels and incorporation of35S-methionine into actin in the rat hypothalamus
7 Citations1990Juan Iovanna, Nelson Dusetti +2 more
Thein vitro incorporation of35S-methionine into actin and total soluble proteins, as well as the levels of actin mRNA, were studied in the hypothalamus and frontal cerebral cortex of adult male rats killed at six different time intervals during a 24-hr cycle.