A COMMUNITY STUDY OF SMOKING IN PREGNANCY
BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & GynaecologyPublished 1 December 1972
Joan Andrews, J. M. McGarry
Citations190
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score1.79
SNIP1.92
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TL;DR
A comprehensive study has been made of all pregnant women in the city of Cardiff to review the habit of smoking during pregnancy in relation to maternal and fetal wellbeing.
Abstract
Summary A comprehensive study has been made of all pregnant women in the city of Cardiff. One aspect has been to review the habit of smoking during pregnancy in relation to maternal and fetal wellbeing. Some suggestions are made as to the mode of action of cigarette smoke in producing these effects.
Keywords
Medicine
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This report, which is based upon data gathered from 7,499 patients, shows an incidence of premature births at private hospitals which is approximately twice as great for smoking mothers as it is for nonsmokers.
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It has been reported that when pregnant rats and rabbits are exposed to tobacco smoke their offspring weigh less than those of control animals and in respect of pregnant women the incidence of premature births among women who smoked was double that among non-smokers and increased fairly regularly with the amount smoked.
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There was a tenfold increase in low-parity women aged 25 and older who were not lactating compared with those who were and a significantly higher incidence in patients who had had lactation suppressed.
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137 Citations1961Todd M. Frazier, G. H. Davis +2 more
Cigarette smoking histories obtained from prenatal interviews with 2,736 Negro women who were delivered of single liveborn infants show that the prematurity rate for smokers was 18.4 per cent compared to 11.2 per cent for nonsmokers (excluding occasional smokers).
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129 Citations1964J. Yerushalmy
It is suggested that the phenomenon of smoking and its possible effect on health is very complex and it is desirable to pursue with vigor investigations aimed at elucidating the differences between the people who succumb and become habitual smokers and those who resist and never smoke.
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The incidence of albuminuric preeclamptic toxaemia is lower in women who smoke cigarettes than in non-smokers and the risk to the baby of the non-smoking toxaemic woman is less in terms of low birth-weight and perinatal mortality.
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84 Citations1968C. Scott Russell, Rennae S. Taylor +1 more
The results fail to support the idea that smaller infants born to smokers are smaller because of associated factors, and it is clear that the smoking effect was clearly independent of each of the other factors.
American Journal of Obstetrics and GynecologyFetal growth retardation in rats exposed to cigarette smoke during pregnancy
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It seems possible that tobacco smoke contains factors as yet unrecognized which have fetal growth retarding effects additional to that produced by diminishing the appetite of the mother.
American Journal of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe effect of cigaret smoking during pregnancy upon the fetal heart rate
61 Citations1935Lester W. Sontag, Robert F. Wallace
If fetal heart rate was altered by maternal smoking, this change would indicate that the toxic products of tobacco smoke do pass through the human placenta and enter the fetal circulation.
BMJSmoking in Pregnancy and Vitamin B <sub>12</sub> Metabolism
54 Citations1972J. M. McGarry, Joan Andrews
In pregnancy the level of serum vitamin B12 is lower in women who smoke than in non-smokers, and this finding occurs independently of social class, parity, or level of haemoglobin.
American Journal of Obstetrics and GynecologyCigarette smoking and duration of pregnancy
38 Citations1969C. Ralph Buncher
About 10 per cent of the known reduction in birth weight that is associated with maternal cigarette smoking may be attributed to this shortened gestation.
The LancetSMOKING HABITS OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE USERS
37 Citations1969CliffordR. Kay, Alwyn Smith +1 more
Preliminary analyses of data based on Summary have revealed that oral-contraceptive users are more likely to be smokers, and to smoke heavily, than non-users.
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33 Citations1968Risteárd Mulcahy
Increasing age and parity increase the risk of abnormal births and, possibly, of congenital deformities, but babies born to mothers over 35 years of age tend to be lighter, but this is not an effect of parity.
British Journal of OphthalmologyCyanide, smoking, and tobacco amblyopia.
28 Citations1967Precious Darby, John Wilson
The cyanide content of smoke from various brands of tobacco was compared to compare the hypothetical role of cyanide in so-called tobacco amblyopia.
CirculationBlood Flow in the Human Calf during Tobacco Smoking
26 Citations1963Jay D. Coffman, Stanley L. Javett
The smoking of 2 unfiltered, regular-size cigarettes produced a significant increase in muscle capillary blood flow in 14 of 17 normal subjects while plethysmographic blood flow changes were variable and not significant.
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16 Citations1964H. David Mosier, Michael K. Armstrong
Administration of nicotine to pregnant animals has been shown to produce capillary damage in the placenta in dogs, skeletal defects of the offspring and decrease of litter size in mice, and postponement of the appearance of the first litter in rats.
American Journal of Obstetrics and GynecologyStudies on human premature births
11 Citations1963Dinesh Kumar, P.A. Zourlas
In more than half of the gravidas near term a definite increment in uterine activity was noticed during cigarette smoking, however, nicotine in vitro experiments on human myometrial strips did not show any oxytocic effect.