Seasonal vegetative and affective symptoms in the Finnish general population: Testing the dual vulnerability and latitude effect hypotheses
Nordic Journal of PsychiatryPublished 1 January 2009
Sharon Grimaldi, Timo Partonen, Jari Haukka, Arpo Aromaa, Jouko Lönnqvist
Citations45
SJR quartileQ2
SJR score0.76
SNIP0.74
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
A seasonal pattern in mood and behaviors was detected in the Finnish general population over 30 years, and differences, if any, between the northern and southern regions of residence were found.
Abstract
A seasonal pattern in mood and behaviors was detected in a general population. Implications of our findings include the assessment of the seasonal variations as a risk factor of depressive illness.
Keywords
PsychologyNeuroscience
Archives of General PsychiatryAn Inventory for Measuring Depression
38,163 Citations1961Aaron T. Beck
The difficulties inherent in obtaining consistent and adequate diagnoses for the purposes of research and therapy have been pointed out and a wide variety of psychiatric rating scales have been developed.
Archives of General PsychiatrySeasonal Affective Disorder
2,326 Citations1984Norman E. Rosenthal
Preliminary studies in 11 patients suggest that extending the photoperiod with bright artificial light has an antidepressant effect and sleep recordings in nine depressed patients confirmed the presence of hypersomnia and showed increased sleep latency and reduced slow-wave (delta) sleep.
Archives of General PsychiatryEpidemiological Findings of Seasonal Changes in Mood and Behavior
632 Citations1989Siegfried Kasper, Thomas A. Wehr +3 more
It is apparent from this study that seasonal affective disorder represents the extreme end of the spectrum of seasonality that affects a large percentage of the general population and might provide valuable insight into pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of affective illness.
NeuropsychopharmacologyCircadian Clock-Related Polymorphisms in Seasonal Affective Disorder and their Relevance to Diurnal Preference
342 Citations2002Carolina Johansson, Matthäus Willeit +13 more
Diurnal preference was associated with both SAD and seasonality, supporting the hypothesis of a link between circadian rhythms and seasonal depression and involvement of circadian clock-related polymorphisms both in susceptibility to S AD and diurnal preference.
Annals of MedicineThree circadian clock genes Per2, Arntl, and Npas2 contribute to winter depression
263 Citations2007Timo Partonen, Jens Treutlein +18 more
Variations in the three circadian clock genes Per2, Arntl, and Npas2 are associated with the disease, supporting the hypothesis that the circadian clock mechanisms contribute to winter depression.
Journal of Affective DisordersSeasonal affective disorder and latitude: a review of the literature
231 Citations1999Peter Paul A. Mersch, Hermine M. Middendorp +3 more
The influence of latitude on prevalence seems to be small and other factors like climate, genetic vulnerability and social-cultural context can be expected to play a more important role.
Biological PsychiatryLow illumination experienced by San Diego adults: Association with atypical depressive symptoms
200 Citations1994Rachele C. Espiritu, Daniel F. Kripke +6 more
It is suggested that many Americans may be receiving insufficient light exposure to maintain optimal mood, as shown in the results of the illumination exposure of middle-aged adults.
The LancetSeasonal affective disorder
179 Citations1998Timo Partonen, Jouko Lönnqvist
The presence of atypical symptoms of depression, rather than the severity of the episode, best predict a therapeutic response to light therapy, and it is recommended that therapy be continued throughout the winter to prevent relapse and optimise outcome.
Journal of Affective DisordersThe influence of climate on development of winter depression
167 Citations1996Jeanne Molin, Erling T. Mellerup +3 more
A significant correlation was found between score on BDI and minutes of sunshine, global radiation, length of daylight and temperature, in accordance with the theory, that lack of light is a contributing factor for development of winter depression.
Archives of General PsychiatrySeasonal Mood Disorders
149 Citations1993Gianni L. Faedda
The results emphasize that DSM-III-R seasonal mood disorder includes severe cases of recurrent depression and bipolar disorder and support a distinction between two seasonal subtypes.
Archives of General PsychiatrySeasonal Changes in Mood and Behavior
147 Citations1996Pamela A. F. Madden
There is a tendency for seasonal changes in mood and behavior to run in families, especially seasonality of the winter type, and this is largely due to a biological predisposition, support continuing efforts to understand the role of seasonality in the development of mood disorders.
Journal of Affective DisordersValidation of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ)
131 Citations1996Andrés Magnússon
The validity of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) was examined by interviewing 81 individuals who had participated in an earlier community survey of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in Iceland, finding that the SPAQ discriminated poorly between SAD and S-SAD, and hence it had a poor case-finding ability for SAD.
Biological PsychiatryThe prevalence of seasonal affective disorder in the netherlands: a prospective and retrospective study of seasonal mood variation in the general population
101 Citations1999Peter Paul A. Mersch, Hermine M. Middendorp +3 more
SAD subjects were significantly more often unemployed or on sick leave than other subjects, in both winter and summer, and responded to winter SAD criteria significantly more depressed than healthy subjects.
Journal of Affective DisordersThe temporal onset of individual symptoms in winter depression: differentiating underlying mechanisms
98 Citations1991Michael A. Young, Lucie G. Watel +2 more
The onset of each of 15 symptoms in 53 patients with winter depression had a risk of onset closely associated with the onset of the episode itself and may represent a core syndrome.
Journal of Affective DisordersSeasonal depression
91 Citations2001Raymond W. Lam, Edwin M. Tam +3 more
Differences in both the patterns of clinical symptoms and the response to light therapy in these three groups with winter depression are consistent with a dual vulnerability hypothesis that considers these groups to result from interaction of separate factors for seasonality and depression.
Acta Psychiatrica ScandinavicaSeasonal variation of mood and behaviour in a healthy middle‐aged population in Japan
84 Citations1996Masako Okawa, S. Shirakawa +8 more
Evidence is provided for a northern predominance in the prevalence of seasonal affective disorder in Japan and significant regional differences in seasonal variations of mood, length of sleep, and weight were observed.
American Journal of EpidemiologySeasonal Variations in Mental Disorders in the General Population of a Country with a Maritime Climate: Findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study
76 Citations2005Ron de Graaf, Saskia van Dorsselaer +3 more
There are only limited seasonal variations in mental disorders in general population studies, at least in countries with a mild maritime climate, and these findings have implications for the design of large-scale population studies.
The Journal of Nervous and Mental DiseaseSubsyndromal Seasonal Affective Disorder in Antarctica
73 Citations1996Lawrence A. Palinkas, M Houseal +1 more
The results suggest that even clinically normal individuals are likely to experience symptoms of subsyndromal SAD in high latitude environments, that these variations become more pronounced with increasing latitude, and that they can be detected through repeated administrations of instruments such as the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire and Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-Seasonal Affective Disorders Version.
Journal of Affective DisordersInternal consistency of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ)
71 Citations1997Andrés Magnússon, Svein Friis +1 more
High consistency reliability of the widely used Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire shows that the symptoms probed for by the SSI, tend to cluster in susceptible individuals in the general population.
The Canadian Journal of PsychiatryThe Impact of Latitude on the Prevalence of Seasonal Depression
71 Citations2002Anthony Levitt, Michael H. Boyle
SAD is a common subtype of major depression in Ontario, but there is no evidence to support an increase in prevalence with increasing latitude, and the global measure of the severity of seasonal change in mood was significantly negatively correlated with latitude.
American Journal of PsychiatryA longitudinal follow-up study of seasonal affective disorder
61 Citations1995K Sakamoto, Susumu Nakadaira +3 more
The presence of a core group of patients with a consistent seasonal pattern of recurrent depression suggests the validity of seasonal affective disorder as a distinct subtype of recurrent affective illness and suggests that atypical vegetative symptoms during early seasonal depressive episodes predict the subsequent seasonality of depression.
PLoS ONESeasonal Changes in Mood and Behavior Are Linked to Metabolic Syndrome
59 Citations2008Reeta Rintamäki, Sharon Grimaldi +6 more
Seasonal changes in weight in particular were a risk factor of metabolic syndrome, after controlling for a number of known risk and potential confounding factors.
Journal of Affective DisordersMood seasonality: A cross-sectional study of subjects aged between 10 and 25 years
52 Citations2006Lorenzo Tonetti, Giuseppe Barbato +3 more
The hypothesis that seasonal sensitivity is higher in female subjects is supported in two cross sectional surveys conducted in subjects aged 10 to 25 years.
Comprehensive PsychiatryWinter depression and functional impairment among ambulatory primary care patients
47 Citations1995David Schlager, Paul Froom +1 more
Winter-seasonal pain was reported by one quarter of the overall sample and by half of those with current MDD, supporting preliminary reports that pain may be a common presenting symptom in seasonal affective disorder.
Nordic Journal of PsychiatryAn epidemiological study on gender differences in self-reported seasonal changes in mood and behaviour in a general population of northern Sweden
46 Citations2004Jayanti Chotai, Kenneth Smedh +3 more
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical NeuroscienceFrequencies of seasonal major depressive symptoms at high latitudes
41 Citations1993Timo Partonen, Markku Partinen +1 more
The results suggest that high latitudes with large variations in the daily lightperiod may not be responsible for high prevalence of major depression with a seasonal pattern.
International Journal of Social PsychiatryMood and Behaviour Problems Associated with Seasonal Changes in Britain and Ireland
8 Citations2002C. F. McConville, Martin McQuaid +2 more