C-reactive protein and incident coronary heart disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study
American Heart JournalPublished 1 August 2002
Aaron R. Folsom, Nena Aleksic, Diane Catellier, Harinder S. Juneja, Kenneth K. Wu
Citations231
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score2.04
SNIP1.18
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
C-reactive protein is a moderately strong marker of risk of CHD in this cohort of middle-aged adults, consistent with the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease events.
Abstract
C-reactive protein is a moderately strong marker of risk of CHD in this cohort of middle-aged adults, consistent with the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of CHD events. The association was not specific to CRP because other markers of inflammation could largely account for the finding.
Keywords
Medicine
Clinical ChemistryEstimation of the Concentration of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Plasma, Without Use of the Preparative Ultracentrifuge
32,475 Citations1972William T. Friedewald, Robert I. Levy +1 more
A method for estimating the cholesterol content of the serum low-density lipoprotein fraction (Sf0-20) is presented and comparison of this suggested procedure with the more direct procedure, in which the ultracentrifuge is used, yielded correlation coefficients of .94 to .99.
New England Journal of MedicineC-Reactive Protein and Other Markers of Inflammation in the Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease in Women
5,786 Citations2000Paul M. Ridker, Charles H. Hennekens +2 more
The addition of the measurement of C-reactive protein to screening based on lipid levels may provide an improved method of identifying persons at risk for cardiovascular events.
New England Journal of MedicineInflammation, Aspirin, and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Apparently Healthy Men
5,527 Citations1997Paul M. Ridker, Mary Cushman +3 more
American Journal of Clinical NutritionA short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies
3,986 Citations1982J.A.H. Baecke, J. Burema +1 more
Investigating the construct validity and the test-retest reliability of a self-administered questionnaire about habitual physical activity in young males and females in three age groups in a Dutch population found that level of education was inverselyrelated to the work index, and positively related to the leisure-time index in both sexes.
PubMedThe Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: design and objectives. The ARIC investigators.
3,120 Citations1989
In each of four US communities, 4,000 adults aged 45-64 years will be examined twice, three years apart, to investigate the etiology of atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae and variation in cardiovascular risk factors, medical care, and disease by race, sex, place, and time.
American Journal of EpidemiologyTHE ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK IN COMMUNIT (ARIC) STUDY: DESIGN AND OBJECTIVES
2,938 Citations1989THE ARIC INVESTIGATORS
CirculationPlasma Concentration of Interleukin-6 and the Risk of Future Myocardial Infarction Among Apparently Healthy Men
2,431 Citations2000Paul M. Ridker, Nader Rifai +2 more
A role for cytokine-mediated inflammation in the early stages of atherogenesis is supported in apparently healthy men, and elevated levels of IL-6 are associated with increased risk of future MI.
JAMAAssociation of Fibrinogen, C-reactive Protein, Albumin, or Leukocyte Count With Coronary Heart Disease
2,036 Citations1998John Danesh, Rory Collins +2 more
The published results from these prospective studies are remarkably consistent for each factor, indicating moderate but highly statistically significant associations with CHD, even though mechanisms that might account for these associations are not clear.
American Journal of EpidemiologyAssociation of Coronary Heart Disease Incidence with Carotid Arterial Wall Thickness and Major Risk Factors: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1987-1993
1,993 Citations1997Lloyd E. Chambless, Gerardo Heiss +5 more
CirculationC-Reactive Protein, a Sensitive Marker of Inflammation, Predicts Future Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Initially Healthy Middle-Aged Men
1,947 Citations1999Wolfgang Köenig, M. Sund +6 more
These results confirm the prognostic relevance of CRP, a sensitive systemic marker of inflammation, to the risk of CHD in a large, randomly selected cohort of initially healthy middle-aged men and suggest that low-grade inflammation is involved in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, especially its thrombo-occlusive complications.
CirculationDirect Proinflammatory Effect of C-Reactive Protein on Human Endothelial Cells
1,940 Citations2000Vincenzo Pasceri, James T. Willerson +1 more
The hypothesis that CRP may play a direct role in promoting the inflammatory component of atherosclerosis and present a potential target for the treatment of Atherosclerosis is supported.
BMJLow grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analyses
1,688 Citations2000John Danesh
Findings suggest that some inflammatory processes, unrelated to the chronic infections studied here, are likely to be involved in coronary heart disease.
CirculationProspective Study of C-Reactive Protein and the Risk of Future Cardiovascular Events Among Apparently Healthy Women
1,653 Citations1998Paul M. Ridker, Julie E. Buring +3 more
CRP is a strong independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease that adds to the predictive value of risk models based on usual factors alone and was a predictor among subgroups of women with low as well as high risk as defined by other cardiovascular risk factors.
New England Journal of MedicineMeasurement of C-Reactive Protein for the Targeting of Statin Therapy in the Primary Prevention of Acute Coronary Events
1,551 Citations2001Paul M. Ridker, Nader Rifai +5 more
The American Journal of MedicineAssociations of elevated Interleukin-6 and C-Reactive protein levels with mortality in the elderly
1,482 Citations1999Tamara B. Harris, Luigi Ferrucci +7 more
Higher circulating levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein were associated with mortality in this population-based sample of healthy older persons, and these measures may be useful for identification of high-risk subgroups for anti-inflammatory interventions.
CirculationCirculating Adhesion Molecules VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin in Carotid Atherosclerosis and Incident Coronary Heart Disease Cases
1,350 Citations1997Shih-Jen Hwang, Christie M. Ballantyne +5 more
Results of logistic regression analyses indicated that the relationship of ICAM-1 and E-selectin with CHD and CAA was independent of other known CHD risk factors and was most pronounced in the highest quartile.
JAMANovel Risk Factors for Systemic Atherosclerosis
1,293 Citations2001Paul M. Ridker, Meir J. Stampfer +1 more
American Journal of EpidemiologyRelation of C-Reactive Protein and Coronary Heart Disease in the MRFIT Nested Case-Control Study
1,099 Citations1996Lewis H. Kuller, Russell P. Tracy +2 more
There was a significant association between available distribution of C-reactive protein and subsequent coronary heart disease mortality and the association persisted when adjusted for characteristics related to smoking and smoking cessation during the trial and to pulmonary function.
CirculationElevation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Increased Risk of Recurrent Coronary Events After Myocardial Infarction
936 Citations2000Paul M. Ridker, Nader Rifai +4 more
CirculationC-Reactive Protein–Mediated Low Density Lipoprotein Uptake by Macrophages
848 Citations2001Thomas P. Zwaka, Vinzenz Hombach +1 more
It is concluded that foam cell formation in human atherogenesis may be caused in part by uptake of CRP-opsonized native LDL, which is mediated by the CRP receptor CD32.
American Journal of EpidemiologyCarotid Atherosclerosis Measured by B-Mode Ultrasound in Populations: Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the ARIC Study
844 Citations1991Gerardo Heiss, A. Richey Sharrett +4 more
Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios point to differences of considerable magnitude in the risk of carotid atherosclerosis between groups defined by clinical and public health-oriented risk factor cut-points.
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular BiologyRelationship of C-Reactive Protein to Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly
838 Citations1997Russell P. Tracy, Rozenn N. Lemaître +6 more
It is shown that CRP was associated with incident events in the elderly, especially in those with subclinical disease at baseline, and in women but not men, the mean CRP level was higher for case subjects than for control subjects.
CirculationC-Reactive Protein as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor
835 Citations1999Wim K. Lagrand, Cees A. Visser +5 more
It is hypothesized that CRP may directly interact with atherosclerotic vessels or ischemic myocardium by activation of the complement system, thereby promoting inflammation and thrombosis and may provide new directions for prevention of cardiovascular events.
New England Journal of MedicineLipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>as an Independent Predictor of Coronary Heart Disease
813 Citations2000Chris J. Packard, D S O’Reilly +12 more
Elevated levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 appear to be a strong risk factor for coronary heart disease, a finding that has implications for atherogenesis and the assessment of risk.
Clinical ChemistryVariability in the measurement of C-reactive protein in healthy subjects: implications for reference intervals and epidemiological applications
800 Citations1997Elizabeth M. Macy, Timothy E. Hayes +1 more
A reproducible ELISA for C-reactive protein (CRP), calibrated with WHO Reference Material, for which intra- and interassay CVs were 3.0% and 6.0%, suggests that CRP, like many clinical chemistry analytes, has limited usefulness in detecting early disease-associated changes when used in conjunction with a healthy reference interval.
ACC Current Journal ReviewMeasurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events
763 Citations2001Paul M. Ridker, Nader Rifai +1 more
Statin therapy may be effective in the primary prevention of coronary events among subjects with relatively low lipid levels but with elevated levels of C-reactive protein.
CirculationProspective Study of Hemostatic Factors and Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease
734 Citations1997Aaron R. Folsom, Kenneth K. Wu +3 more
Journal of Clinical EpidemiologyCommunity surveillance of coronary heart disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: Methods and initial two years' experience
691 Citations1996Alice White, Aaron R. Folsom +8 more
The initial 2-years' experience with case ascertainment and availability of information needed for classification of events is described, and average annual age-adjusted attack rates of definite MI and CHD mortality rates for blacks in two communities and whites in the four communities are presented.
CirculationElevated C-Reactive Protein Levels and Impaired Endothelial Vasoreactivity in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
671 Citations2000Stephan Fichtlscherer, Gunter Rosenberger +4 more
Normalization of elevated CRP levels over time was associated with a normalization of endothelium-mediated forearm blood flow responses after 3 months, which might provide an important clue to link a systemic marker of inflammation to atherosclerotic disease progression.
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular BiologyLifetime Smoking Exposure Affects the Association of C-Reactive Protein with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Subclinical Disease in Healthy Elderly Subjects
538 Citations1997Russell P. Tracy, Bruce M. Psaty +5 more
Levels of CRP in the healthy elderly are tightly regulated and reflect lifetime exposure to smoking as well as level of obesity, ongoing level of fibrinolysis, diabetes status, and level of subclinical atherothrombotic disease.
BiometricsRobust Variance Estimation for the Case-Cohort Design
530 Citations1994William E. Barlow
Simulation results indicate excellent agreement with corrected asymptotic estimates and appropriate test size in the case-cohort design of Prentice, and the technique is illustrated with data evaluating the efficacy of mammography screening in reducing breast cancer mortality.
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular BiologyAssociations of C-Reactive Protein With Measures of Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Healthy, Middle-Aged Women
527 Citations1999A. Elisabeth Hak, Coen D.A. Stehouwer +6 more
The results of this population-based study indicate that adiposity is strongly associated with CRP in healthy, middle-aged women and whether losing weight ameliorates the inflammatory state.
CirculationInfections, Inflammation, and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
349 Citations2000Merja Roivainen, Maarit Viik-Kajander +8 more
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biologyvon Willebrand Factor, C-Reactive Protein, and 5-Year Mortality in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Subjects
288 Citations1999Agnes Jager, Victor W.M. van Hinsbergh +8 more
Increased levels of von Willebrand factor (vWf) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are independently associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects, favoring the hypothesis that vWf and CRP predict mortality through different pathways.
Diabetes CareA Prospective Study of Coronary Heart Disease in Relation to Fasting Insulin, Glucose, and Diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
275 Citations1997Aaron R. Folsom, Moysés Szklo +4 more
Diabetes conveys a high risk of CHD in black and non-black middle-aged men and women and is a CHD risk factor only among women in this cohort.
Statistics in MedicineComparison of baseline and repeated measure covariate techniques in the Framingham heart study
255 Citations1988L. Adrienne Cupples, Ralph B. D’Agostino +2 more
The technique is a generalized person-years approach in that it treats each observation interval as a mini-follow-up study in which the current risk factor measurements are employed to predict an event in the interval.
The American Journal of CardiologyAssociation of C-reactive protein with markers of prevalent atherosclerotic disease
240 Citations2001A.R. Folsom, James S. Pankow +6 more
There was a weak positive association of CRP with carotid intima-media thickness in both genders and with prevalent CHD in women, but adjustment for other risk factors completely eliminated the associations.
Journal of NeuroimagingHigh‐Resolution B‐Mode Ultrasound Reading Methods in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort
203 Citations1991Ward A. Riley, Ralph W. Barnes +4 more
Highly reproducible measurements of carotid artery dimensions can be achieved with standardized training and performance of ultrasound scanning and reading protocols.
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular BiologyC-Reactive Protein, Fibrin D-Dimer, and Incident Ischemic Heart Disease in the Speedwell Study
200 Citations2001Gordon Lowe, J. W. G. Yarnell +3 more
It is concluded that although these respective markers of inflammation and fibrin turnover show modest association with each other in middle-aged men, they may have additive associations with risk of incident IHD.
CirculationInterferon-γ and Lipopolysaccharide Potentiate Monocyte Tissue Factor Induction by C-Reactive Protein
180 Citations2000Akihiro Nakagomi, Ben Freedman +1 more
There was a striking positive correlation between age and monocyte TF induction, with a dramatic rise on monocytes from postmenopausal women that was not apparent on cells from women taking HRT, which may contribute to age and sex differences in coronary events and to the protective effects of HRT.
Journal of the American College of CardiologyLack of association of C-reactive protein and coronary calcium by electron beam computed tomography in postmenopausal women: implications for coronary artery disease screening
136 Citations2000Rita F. Redberg, Nader Rifai +2 more
It is raised the possibility that hsCRP and EBCT calcium score reflect different pathologic processes, an issue with implications for coronary artery disease screening, in asymptomatic postmenopausal women.
American Heart JournalC-reactive protein is not associated with the presence or extent of calcified subclinical atherosclerosis
127 Citations2001Marc E. Hunt, Patrick G. O’Malley +3 more
Levels of hsCRP in the highest quartile were related to the following coronary risk factors: smoking status, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin, fibrinogen, and homocysteine, implying that CAC and hs CRP may be complementary for the prediction of cardiovascular risk.
Enlighten: Publications (The University of Glasgow)Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) as an independent predictor of coronary heart disease
70 Citations2000C.J. Packard, D S O’Reilly +10 more
Elevated levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2), the expression of which is regulated by mediators of inflammation, appear to be a strong risk factor for coronary heart disease, a finding that has implications for atherogenesis and the assessment of risk.
Journal of Internal MedicineTissue‐type plasminogen activator and C‐reactive protein in acute coronary heart disease. A nested case–control study
57 Citations2000Jørgen Gram, Else‐Marie Bladbjerg +3 more
Tissue‐type plasminogen activator and C‐reactive protein in acute coronary heart disease and a nested case–control study.