Ecological character displacement and the study of adaptation
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesPublished 23 May 2000Open access
Jonathan B. Losos
Citations191
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
A growing number of studies that have used integrative, multidisciplinary approaches and have demonstrated that ecological character displacement appears to be an important ecological and evolutionary phenomenon are being demonstrated.
Abstract
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Keywords
Earth and Planetary SciencesAgricultural and Biological SciencesBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
The American NaturalistPhylogenies and the Comparative Method
10,101 Citations1985Joseph Felsenstein
A method of correcting for the phylogeny has been proposed, which specifies a set of contrasts among species, contrasts that are statistically independent and can be used in regression or correlation studies.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciencesThe spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme
7,763 Citations1979Stephen Jay Gould, Richard C Lewontin
The adaptationist programme is faulted for its failure to distinguish current utility from reasons for origin, and Darwin’s own pluralistic approach to identifying the agents of evolutionary change is supported.
The American NaturalistThe Limiting Similarity, Convergence, and Divergence of Coexisting Species
4,605 Citations1967Robert H. MacArthur, Richard Levins
The total number of species is proportional to the total range of the environment divided by the niche breadth of the species, which is reduced by unequal abundance of resources but increased by adding to the dimensionality of the niche.
American ZoologistMorphology, Performance and Fitness
1,718 Citations1983Stevan J. Arnold
The problem of measuring selection on morphological traits is simplified by breaking the task into two parts: measurement of the effects of morphological variation on performance and measurement ofThe effects of performance on fitness.
The American NaturalistEcological Character Displacement and Speciation in Sticklebacks
1,015 Citations1992Dolph Schluter, J. D. McPhail
Evidence of ecological character displacement among species of threespined sticklebacks that inhabit small lakes of coastal British Columbia is presented and the possibility that competition for food has played a critical role in the divergence between species is considered.
EvolutionTHEORY OF POPULATION GENETICS AND EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY: AN INTRODUCTION
992 Citations1980Henry M. Wilbur, Joseph Travis
ScienceEvaluation of the Rate of Evolution in Natural Populations of Guppies ( <i>Poecilia reticulata</i> )
826 Citations1997David N. Reznick, Frank H. Shaw +2 more
The resulting rate of evolution of age and size at maturity was similar to rates typically obtained for traits subjected to artificial selection in laboratory settings and up to seven orders of magnitude greater than rates inferred from the paleontological record.
Biological Journal of the Linnean SocietyConvergent and divergent character displacement
687 Citations1972Peter R. Grant
It is concluded that the evidence for the ecological aspect of character displacement is weak and the principal ideas in the original definition given by Brown & Wilson (1956) are retained.
The American NaturalistCharacter Release and Displacement in Fishes: A Neglected Literature
572 Citations1994Beren W. Robinson, David Sloan Wilson
It is shown that competition is frequently a diversifying force that creates differences between species and differences within species when other closely related species are absent, and the lake environment can be viewed as a set of non-Hutchinsonian or "environmental" niches that exist apart from the species that occupy them.
ScienceExperimental Evidence That Competition Promotes Divergence in Adaptive Radiation
523 Citations1994Dolph Schluter
Disproportionately severe competition between similar phenotypes indicates frequency-dependent selection, verifying a crucial element of theory of competition and character divergence and resolving outstanding debates on the ecological causes of diversification and the evolutionary consequences of competitive interactions.
EvolutionTheory of Population Genetics and Evolutionary Ecology: An Introduction.
498 Citations1980Henry M. Wilbur, Joseph Travis +1 more
This chapter discusses Evolutionary Ecology, a science of interaction between humans and nature, and its applications in the context of population genetics and ecology.
EcologyEcological Character Displacement
414 Citations1980Montogemery Slatkin
A theoretical study is made of the conditions under which competition mediated by a quantitative character in each of two species will result in the convergence or divergence of the mean values of the character, showing that the usual biological assumptions do not necessarily lead to permanent and significant displacement.
PaleobiologyForm and function: structural analysis in evolutionary morphology
400 Citations1981George Lauder
To the extent that transformational and relational hypotheses about form are corroborated, they provide evidence of underlying regularity in the transformation of organic design that may be a consequence of the hierarchical organization of structural and functional patterns in organisms.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesEcological character displacement in <i>Plethodon</i> : Biomechanical differences found from a geometric morphometric study
344 Citations2000Dean C. Adams, F. James Rohlf
The authors can link changes in form with changes in function in this apparent example of character displacement between two salamander species, and find significant morphological differentiation between sympatric populations that was associated with a reduction in prey consumption in sympatry and a segregation of prey according to prey size.
EvolutionSANTA ROSALIA RECONSIDERED: SIZE RATIOS AND COMPETITION
320 Citations1981Daniel Simberloff, William J. Boecklen
Interest in the importance of size differences for coexistence has led to two related ideas, codified in textbooks and cited very frequently.
Systematic BiologyAdaptation Reviewed: A Phylogenetic Methodology for Studying Character Macroevolution
260 Citations1991David Baum, A. Larson
A phylogenetic methodology to test hypotheses of adaptation and to discriminate adaptation from alternative causal explanations of character evolution is presented and it is suggested that this phylogenetic approach will help to overcome general criticisms of adaptationist studies and will serve to bridge the gap between microevolutionaries and macroevolutionary studies of adaptation.
NatureEvolution of ecological differences in the Old World leaf warblers
233 Citations1992Adam D. Rich man, Trevor D. Price
EcologyCharacter Displacement, Sexual Dimprphism, and Morphological Variation among British and Irish Mustelids
216 Citations1994Tamar Dayan, Daniel Simberloff
Significant differences in size between some of the British and Irish populations of the same morphospecies suggest the possibility of ecological release among Irish mustelids, whose populations originally derive from British ones.
Theoretical Population BiologyCharacter displacement and niche shift analyzed using consumer-resource models of competition
201 Citations1986Peter A. Abrams
This paper analyzes the adaptive responses to competition (both character displacement and niche shift) in a two consumer-two resource model and argues that conditions allowing parallel or convergent displacement are not biologically unlikely, and possible examples are discussed.
EvolutionA PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT IN CARIBBEAN<i>ANOLIS</i>LIZARDS
186 Citations1990Jonathan B. Losos
Twenty‐seven islands in the Lesser Antilles contain either one or two species of Anolis lizards, and the hypothesis that character displacement has occurred on each of the ten two‐species islands is tested.
Journal of Applied EcologyThe Niche in Competition and Evolution.
106 Citations1988P. Calow, Wallace Arthur
This book attempts to synthesise two widely-investigated topics: polymorphism and between-species competition; the author's view being that multiple-niche coexistence and multiple- niche polymorphism together represent a common means of coexistence of competitors.
The American NaturalistAlternative Models of Character Displacement and Niche Shift. 2. Displacement when There is Competition for a Single Resource
67 Citations1987Peter A. Abrams
A model of competition for a single resource by two species of consumers is used to illustrate the range of possible directions of phenotypic change that can occur when the main effect of competition is a change in the absolute resource abundance at equilibrium.
EvolutionPATTERN AND CHANCE IN THE STRUCTURE OF MODEL AND NATURAL COMMUNITIES
64 Citations1983Ted J. Case, Ron Sidell
Analyse de la taille du bec au sein de biocenoses de pinsons; des Galapagos revelant une tendance significative a l'ajustement de cette taille a la fois chez Geospiza and chez Camarhynchus.
OikosSpeciation, Adaptation and Interspecific Competition
47 Citations1984Gimme H. Walter, PE Hulley +1 more
Apres avoir considere les concepts d'espece et de speciation on envisage les effets possibles of the competition au niveau de l'historique de la speciation and of the post-speciation of l'es pece.
EvolutionTESTING FOR UNEQUAL AMOUNTS OF EVOLUTION IN A CONTINUOUS CHARACTER ON DIFFERENT BRANCHES OF A PHYLOGENETIC TREE USING LINEAR AND SQUARED‐CHANGE PARSIMONY: AN EXAMPLE USING LESSER ANTILLEAN<i>ANOLIS</i>LIZARDS
43 Citations1997Marguerite A. Butler, Jonathan B. Losos
Results confirm that P‐values for tests using ancestor reconstruction methods should be assessed via simulation rather than from standard statistical tables, and suggest how to investigate the robustness of the hypothesis test by varying the reconstruction methods or simulation parameters.
EvolutionADAPTIVE RADIATION OF DAY‐GECKOS (<i>PHELSUMA</i>) IN THE SEYCHELLES ARCHIPELAGO: A PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS
40 Citations1996Ray R. Radtkey
Ecological information was used to support the conclusion that the actual evolutionary mechanism for the body size shift was a response to frequency dependent natural selection of P. sundbergi in single‐species and two‐species competitive regimes.
Molecular EcologyA phylogenetic analysis of body size evolution in the<i>Anolis roquet</i>group (Sauria: Iguanidae): character displacement or size assortment?
36 Citations2000Nicholas Giannasi, Roger S. Thorpe +1 more
It is concluded that patterns of body size differences in the A. roquet species group appear to be the result of a combination of character displacement and size assortment, and change in body size was associated with a change in allopatry/sympatry, thus supporting the character‐displacement hypothesis.
EvolutionHUTCHINSONIAN RATIOS AND LOG-NORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS
20 Citations1985William J. Boecklen, Cathleen NeSmith
A sensitivity analysis is presented that assesses the performance of the Barton-David and Irwin test statistics when data are drawn from a log-normal distribution and suggests that a modal distribution is more appropriate than the log- normal distribution.