Factors Associated with Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Injection and Noninjection Drug Users in Italy
Clinical Infectious DiseasesPublished 1 July 2003Open access
Gianluca Quaglio, Fabio Lugoboni, Benedetta Pajusco, Maddalena Sarti, G. Talamini, Alessandro Lechi
Citations62
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score2.99
SNIP2.01
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among noninjection users of heroin in Italy and among long-term NIDUs, however, it appeared to plateau at approximately 40%, and additional research is needed to develop a strategic prevention program for this patient subgroup.
Abstract
FIGURES 81–90. Female genitalia of Ophthalmitis. 81, O. albosignaria albosignaria; 82, O. pertusaria; 83, O. sinensium; 84, O. irrorataria; 85, O. herbidaria; 86, O. siniherbida; 87, O. cordularia; 88, O. longiprocessa sp. nov.; 89, O. brevispina sp. nov.; 90, O. tumefacta sp. nov. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Keywords
Medicine
New England Journal of MedicineThe Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994
3,024 Citations1999Miriam J. Alter, Deanna Kruszon-Moran +6 more
The strongest factors independently associated with HCV infection were illegal drug use and high-risk sexual behavior, and poverty, having had 12 or fewer years of education, and having been divorced or separated were independently associated.
PubMedSurveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks--United States, 1993-1994.
2,055 Citations1996Michael H. Kramer, Barbara L. Herwaldt +3 more
The outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in Milwaukee and Las Vegas demonstrate that WBDOs can occur in large metropolitan areas and were associated with deaths among immunocompromised persons.
American Journal of Public HealthViral infections in short-term injection drug users: the prevalence of the hepatitis C, hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency, and human T-lymphotropic viruses.
705 Citations1996Richard S. Garfein, David Vlahov +3 more
The high rates of HCV, HBV, and HIV infections among short-term injectors emphasizes the need to target both parenteral and sexual risk reduction interventions early, and renewed efforts at primary prevention of substance abuse are indicated.
New England Journal of MedicineRoutes of Infection, Viremia, and Liver Disease in Blood Donors Found to Have Hepatitis C Virus Infection
632 Citations1996Cathy Conry‐Cantilena, Mark VanRaden +11 more
Among volunteer blood donors, prior blood transfusion, intranasal cocaine use, intravenous drug use, sexual promiscuity, and ear piercing in men are risk factors for HCV infection.
Journal of LiverRecommendations for Prevention and Control of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection and HCV-Related Chronic Disease
609 Citations2014Hamid Mohaghegh Shalmani
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment by expert specialists can decrease hepatitis C and HCV- related diseases prevalence, disease sequel and burden of hepatitis C.
HepatologyPrevalence of chronic liver disease in the general population of northern Italy: The dionysos study
523 Citations1994Stefano Bellentani, Claudio Tiribelli +5 more
In those subjects with alcohol abuse, viral infection, especially hepatitis C virus, played an important role in the deterioration of chronic liver disease and its progression to hepatocellular carcinoma.
Journal of HepatologyHepatitis C virus infection in the United States
236 Citations1999Miriam J. Alter
Reducing the burden of HCV infection and disease in the United States requires implementation of primary prevention Activities that reduce or eliminate HCV transmission and secondary prevention activities that reduce liver and other chronic diseases in HCV-infected persons by identifying them and providing appropriate medical management and antiviral therapy.
The Journal of Infectious DiseasesPrevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Drug Users in Amsterdam
185 Citations1990Janet Hoek, H. J. A. van Haastrecht +3 more
HCV infections are common among intravenous drug users and are mainly due to the intravenous use of drugs, and risk factors independently associated with HCV antibody seropositivity were history and duration of intravenousdrug use and frequency of injections.
MedicineCommercial Tattooing as a Potentially Important Source of Hepatitis C Infection
152 Citations2001Robert W. Haley, R. Fischer
Tattooing in commercial tattoo parlors is known to transmit blood-borne viral infections, including hepatitis C virus (HCV), in other countries, but its contribution to the high population prevalence of HCV infection in the United States has been incompletely evaluated.
AddictionPotential risk factors for the transition to injecting among non‐injecting heroin users: a comparison of former injectors and never injectors
148 Citations2001Alan Neaigus, Maureen Miller +5 more
FFI have multiple individual and network characteristics that may increase their risk of injecting drugs and interventions among NIUs to prevent transitions to injecting need to ascertain NIUs' injecting history and address the many potential risks that FFI have for resuming injecting drug use.
The Journal of Infectious DiseasesHepatitis C, Hepatitis B, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections among Non-Intravenous Drug-Using Patients Attending Clinics for Sexually Transmitted Diseases
148 Citations1994David L. Thomas, Robert O. Cannon +4 more
It is suggested that sexual transmission of HCV may occur among non-intravenous drug-using patients and females with anti-HIV or anti-HBc were more likely to have anti-HCV.
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromesRisk Correlates of Prevalent HIV, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Infections Among Noninjecting Heroin Users
113 Citations2002V. Anna Gyarmathy, Alan Neaigus +3 more
Never-injectors infected with HIV and HBV appear to have become infected mainly through sexual transmission, whereas former injectors appear toHave become infected withAIDS and HCV mainly though injecting risk and with HBV through both injecting and sexual risk.
BMJPrevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV and risk factors in entrants to Irish prisons: a national cross sectional surveyCommentary: efficient research gives direction on prisoners' and the wider public healthexcept in England and Wales
111 Citations2001Jean Long, Sheila M Bird +6 more
The prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen, to hepatitis C, and to HIV in prison entrants who had previously been imprisoned was similar to that found in the recent national survey of Irish prisoners, but the prevalence was much lower in the third of prison entrantswho had never previously been in prison.
AIDSPrevalence and incidence rate of HIV, hepatitis B and C among drug users on methadone maintenance treatment in Geneva between 1988 and 1995
109 Citations1998Barbara Broers, Christian Junet +4 more
These data suggest that DU have changed HIV risk-taking behaviour in response to HIV prevention campaigns, and current prevention efforts should focus on improvement of HCV prevention, identification of high-risk individuals and maintaining safe behaviour.
Journal of HepatologyHepatitis C virus infection in Western Europe
107 Citations1999Christian Trépo, Pierre Pradat
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is now recognised as the most common infection causing chronic liver disease in Europe and intravenous drug users are currently the main risk group.
Journal of Epidemiology & Community HealthLarge decline in injecting drug use in Amsterdam, 1986–1998: explanatory mechanisms and determinants of injecting transitions
104 Citations2001Erik J.C. van Ameijden, R A Coutinho
Harm reduction, including large scale needle exchange programmes, does not lead to an increase in injecting drug use and the injecting decline seems mainly attributable to ecological factors (for example, drug culture and market).
AddictionCompliance with hepatitis B vaccination in 1175 heroin users and risk factors associated with lack of vaccine response
80 Citations2002Gianluca Quaglio, G. Talamini +6 more
A large-scale, multi-site hepatitis B vaccination programme for heroin users proved feasible and effective and the factors associated with a lack of antibody response may be useful in identifying patients who would benefit most from routine post-vaccination testing.
The Journal of Infectious DiseasesSexual Transmission Risk among Noninjecting Heroin Users Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus or Hepatitis C Virus
67 Citations2001Alan Neaigus, Maureen Miller +2 more
HIV-infected NIUs, particularly never IDUs, and, possibly, HCV- infectedNIUs, are a potential sexual transmission bridge to "lower risk" partners.
Archives of Internal MedicinePrevalence of Hepatitis C in a Chemically Dependent Population
64 Citations1993Michael Fingerhood
This is the first demonstration, to the authors' knowledge, that the presence of anti-HCV in drug users is associated with significantly increased levels of serum aminotransferases.
European Journal of EpidemiologyPrevalence of serologic markers of HBV, HDV, HCV and HIV in non-injection drug users compared to injection drug users in Gran Canaria, Spain
47 Citations1998Otilia Evora Santana Rodríguez, María Luisa Malé Gil +3 more
It is concluded that drug users have an elevated prevalence of HCV, HBV and HIV infection, even if drug use is only inhalated, and the main risk factors are injection drug addiction and exposure to hepatitis B virus.
Journal of Drug IssuesDope Sniffers in New York City: An Ethnography of Heroin Markets and Patterns of Use
41 Citations1999Xavier Andrade, Stephen J. Sifaneck +1 more
The paper ethnographically explores the shifting dynamics of the retail heroin markets on the Lower East Side, how these market conditions affected non-injecting heroin users' routes of administration and patterns of use, and the ways in which NIUs adapt to illegal heroin markets experiencing increased levels of repression and enforcement.
Journal of Drug IssuesHeroin Sniffing as Self-Regulation among Injecting and Non-Injecting Heroin Users
28 Citations1999Jo L. Sotheran, Douglas S. Goldsmith +2 more
The importance of personal factors over syringe availability or fear of HIV in use of modes of heroin administration is suggested, as well as the importance of situational risks and personal crises among current injectors and former injectors.