Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Tightly Confining dc Magnetic Trap
Physical Review LettersPublished 15 July 1996Open access
M.‐O. Mewes, M. R. Andrews, N. J. van Druten, Dan Stamper-Kurn, Dallin Durfee, Wolfgang Ketterle
Citations489
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score2.86
SNIP2.41
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Bose-Einstein condensation of sodium atoms has been observed in a novel Cloverleaf trap, finding agreement with theoretical predictions and the repulsive mean-field energy.
Abstract
Bose-Einstein condensation of sodium atoms has been observed in a novel ``cloverleaf'' trap. This trap combines tight confinement with excellent optical access, using only dc electromagnets. Evaporative cooling in this trap produced condensates of $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ atoms, a tenfold improvement over previous results. We measured the condensate fraction and the repulsive mean-field energy, finding agreement with theoretical predictions.
Keywords
Physics and Astronomy
ScienceObservation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
7,363 Citations1995Michael H. Anderson, J. R. Ensher +3 more
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.
Physical Review LettersBose-Einstein Condensation in a Gas of Sodium Atoms
5,545 Citations1995Kendall B. Davis, M.‐O. Mewes +5 more
Physical Review LettersEvidence of Bose-Einstein Condensation in an Atomic Gas with Attractive Interactions
3,228 Citations1995C. C. Bradley, C. A. Sackett +2 more
Evidence for Bose-Einstein condensation of a gas of spin-polarized {sup 7}Li atoms is reported, and phase-space densities consistent with quantum degeneracy are measured for temperatures in the range of 100 to 400 nK.
Physical Review LettersGround-State Properties of Magnetically Trapped Bose-Condensed Rubidium Gas
681 Citations1996Gordon Baym, C. J. Pethick
Using simple scaling arguments, it is shown that at large particle number the kinetic energy is a small perturbation, and the spatial structure of the cloud of atoms and its momentum distribution dependent in an essential way on particle interactions is found.
Physical Review LettersHigh densities of cold atoms in a<i>dark</i>spontaneous-force optical trap
505 Citations1993Wolfgang Ketterle, Kendall B. Davis +3 more
A new magneto-optical trap is demonstrated which confines atoms predominantly in a «dark» hyperfine level, that does not interact with the trapping light, that leads to much higher atomic densities as repulsive forces between atoms due to rescattered radiation are reduced and trap loss due to excited-state collisions is diminished.
Physical Review LettersStable, Tightly Confining Magnetic Trap for Evaporative Cooling of Neutral Atoms
465 Citations1995Wolfgang Petrich, Michael H. Anderson +2 more
Physical Review LettersCooling Neutral Atoms in a Magnetic Trap for Precision Spectroscopy
395 Citations1983David E. Pritchard
Physical review. A, General physicsMagnetostatic trapping fields for neutral atoms
264 Citations1987T. Bergeman, Gidon Erez +1 more
Basic trap configurations are characterized using both the exact expressions for the field, and a multipole polynomial expansion that facilitates studies of symmetry properties and classical or quantum orbits.
Physical Review LettersEvaporative Cooling of Sodium Atoms
244 Citations1995Kendall B. Davis, Marc-Oliver Mewes +3 more
Rf induced evaporation was used to reduce the temperature by a factor of 12 and increase the phase space density by more than 2 orders of magnitude and the elastic collision cross section of cold sodium atoms in the minus-1 hyperfine state was determined to be 6 times 10 cm2, which implies a positive value of the scattering length.
Physical Review LettersBose-Einstein condensation of paraexcitons in stressed<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>O
235 Citations1993Jia Ling Lin, J. P. Wolfe
Reducing the multiplicity of the orthoexciton ground state in Cu 2 O by applying uniaxial stress greatly increases the quantum degeneracy of the excitonic gas produced by intense pulsed excitation.
Physical Review LettersMagnetic trapping of spin-polarized atomic hydrogen
229 Citations1987Harald F. Hess, Greg Kochanski +4 more
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A Mathematical and Physical SciencesOn the Bose-Einstein condensation
138 Citations1950S.R. de Groot, G. J. Hooyman +1 more
Physical Review LettersContinuous Stopping and Trapping of Neutral Atoms
136 Citations1987Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato, Gregory P. Lafyatis +4 more
Physical Review LettersExperiments with Atomic Hydrogen in a Magnetic Trapping Field
125 Citations1988R. van Roijen, J. J. Berkhout +2 more
The loading of a minimum-B-field trap with neutral atomic hydrogen cooled through thermal exchange with liquid-helium surfaces and the limiting decay rate is attributed to dipolar relaxation and found to agree with theory for both magnitude and field dependence.