Job Stress, Depression, Work Performance, and Perceptions of Supervisors in Military Personnel
Military MedicinePublished 1 September 2006Open access
Steven Pflanz, Alan D. Ogle
Citations168
SJR quartileQ3
SJR score0.47
SNIP0.67
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
These results support accumulating data indicating that work stress is a significant occupational health hazard in the routine military work environment and targeting and eliminating sources of job stress should be a priority for the U.S. military.
Abstract
These results support accumulating data indicating that work stress is a significant occupational health hazard in the routine military work environment. Targeting and eliminating sources of job stress should be a priority for the U.S. military to preserve and protect the mental health of military personnel.
Keywords
MedicineHealth Professions
Archives of General PsychiatryLifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of DSM-III-R Psychiatric Disorders in the United States
12,491 Citations1994Ronald C. Kessler
The prevalence of psychiatric disorders is greater than previously thought to be the case, and morbidity is more highly concentrated than previously recognized in roughly one sixth of the population who have a history of three or more comorbid disorders.
JAMAThe Epidemiology of Major Depressive Disorder
7,994 Citations2003Ronald C. Kessler, Patricia A. Berglund +7 more
Notably, major depressive disorder is a common disorder, widely distributed in the population, and usually associated with substantial symptom severity and role impairment, and while the recent increase in treatment is encouraging, inadequate treatment is a serious concern.
The LancetAlternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study
7,036 Citations1997Christopher J L Murray, Alan D López
Three scenarios of future mortality and disability for different age-sex groups, causes, and regions, developed as part of the Global Burden of Disease Study, found some robust results with implications for health policy.
JAMACost of Lost Productive Work Time Among US Workers With Depression
1,434 Citations2003Walter F. Stewart
The combined LPT burden among those with depression and the low level of treatment suggests that there may be cost-effective opportunities for improving depression-related outcomes in the US workforce.
The Journal of Clinical PsychiatryThe Economic Burden of Depression in the United States
1,283 Citations2003RN, Ronald C. Kessler +5 more
The economic burden of depression remained relatively stable between 1990 and 2000, despite a dramatic increase in the proportion of depression sufferers who received treatment.
The Journal of Clinical PsychiatryThe Economic Burden of Anxiety Disorders in the 1990s
1,241 Citations1999RN, Tamar Sisitsky +6 more
A human capital model of the societal cost of anxiety disorders is estimated, finding that posttraumatic stress disorder and panic disorder are the anxiety disorders found to have the highest rates of service use.
PharmacoResourcesEconomic burden of depression
979 Citations1994P E Greenberg, L E Stiglin +2 more
Depression imposes significant annual costs on society, and the true burden of this illness may be even greater than is implied by the estimate.
Journal of Applied PsychologyAbusive supervision and subordinates' organizational citizenship behavior.
839 Citations2002Kelly L. Zellars, Bennett J. Tepper +1 more
The relationship between subordinates' perceptions of abusive supervision and supervisors' evaluations of subordinates' organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) was explored among a sample of 373 Air National Guard members and their military supervisors, and the relationship was stronger among subordinates who defined OCB as extra-role behavior.
Archives of General PsychiatryRevised Prevalence Estimates of Mental Disorders in the United States
823 Citations2002William E. Narrow, Donald S. Rae +2 more
Establishing the clinical significance of disorders in the community is crucial for estimating treatment need and characterizing the utility of clinically significant symptoms in determining treatment need even when some criteria of the disorder are not met.
Journal of Occupational and Organizational PsychologyThe effects of hours of work on health: A meta‐analytic review
705 Citations1997Kate Sparks, Cary L. Cooper +2 more
A quantitative and qualitative review of existing literature on working hours and health indicated small, but significant positive mean correlations between overall health Symptoms, physiological and psychological health symptoms, and hours of work.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental MedicineThe Health and Productivity Cost Burden of the “Top 10” Physical and Mental Health Conditions Affecting Six Large U.S. Employers in 1999
697 Citations2003Ron Z. Goetzel, Kevin Hawkins +2 more
A multi-employer database that links medical, prescription drug, absence, and short term disability data at the patient level was analyzed to uncover the most costly physical and mental health conditions affecting American businesses.
General Hospital PsychiatryThe economic burden of depression
480 Citations1986Alan Stoudemire, Richar Frank +3 more
These economic figures provide a lower-bound estimate of the full economic burden of major depression and further emphasize the need for timely recognition and treatment to potentially minimize the negative impact of the illness on society.
Health AffairsDepression In The Workplace: Effects On Short-Term Disability
391 Citations1999Ronald C. Kessler, Catherine Barber +6 more
Depressed workers were found to have between 1.5 and 3.2 more short-term work-disability days in a thirty-day period than other workers, which suggests that encouraging depressed workers to obtain treatment might be cost-effective for some employers.
American Journal of PsychiatryMental Disorders Among U.S. Military Personnel in the 1990s: Association With High Levels of Health Care Utilization and Early Military Attrition
271 Citations2002Charles W. Hoge, Sandra E Lesikar +6 more
Mental disorders appear to represent the most important source of medical and occupational morbidity among active-duty U.S. military personnel and provide new population-based evidence that mental disorders are common, disabling, and costly to society.
The Journal of Clinical PsychiatryImpact of Bipolar Disorder on a U.S. Community Sample
267 Citations2003Joseph R. Calabrese, Robert M. A. Hirschfeld +8 more
Bipolar disorder, as identified in a community sample using the Mood Disorder Questionnaire, was significantly associated with negative impact on the performance of work-related, leisure, and interpersonal activities.
Military MedicineDimensions of Psychological Stress in Peacekeeping Operations
232 Citations1998Paul T. Bartone, Amy B. Adler +1 more
Findings suggest a range of psychological stressors that varies somewhat across operational phases of a peacekeeping mission, and several recommendations for "countermeasures" that organizational leaders can take to maintain soldier psychological readiness during peacekeeping operations.
Combat Stress Reaction: The Enduring Toll of War
203 Citations1993Zahava Solomon
American Journal of PsychiatryPosttraumatic Stress Disorder Following an Air Disaster: A Prospective Study
167 Citations1998Richard S. Epstein, Carol S. Fullerton +1 more
Results suggest that lower levels of education, exposure to grotesque burn injuries, stressful life events following exposure, and feelings of numbness following exposure are useful predictors of subsequent development of PTSD.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental MedicineOccupations and the Prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder
157 Citations1990William W. Eaton, James C. Anthony +2 more
There is considerable range in prevalence in 104 occupations of major depressive disorder as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (ed 3), and measured by the National Institute of Mental Health's Diagnostic Interview Schedule.
American Journal of PsychiatryMedical Service Utilization by Veterans Seeking Help for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
147 Citations2002Patrick S. Calhoun, Hayden B. Bosworth +3 more
American Journal of PsychiatryDepressive Symptoms, Satisfaction With Health Care, and 2-Year Work Outcomes in an Employed Population
146 Citations2001Benjamin G. Druss, Mark Schlesinger +1 more
The study's findings suggest a potentially important link between consumers' perceptions of clinical care and work outcomes in this population and a weaker association between problems with plan administration and outcomes.
Psychological MedicineJob strain and psychiatric morbidity
145 Citations1999Mark Cropley, Andrew Steptoe +1 more
The high levels of neurotic psychopathology among teachers is consistent with previous research that has found teaching to be a highly stressful occupation and associated with psychiatric morbidity.
Military MedicineWork Stress in the Military: Prevalence, Causes, and Relationship to Emotional Health
134 Citations2002Steven Pflanz, Scott Sonnek
The results support previous research suggesting that work stress may be a significant occupational health hazard in the U.S. military.
Journal of Applied PsychologyAbusive supervision and subordinates' organizational citizenship behavior.
130 Citations2002Kelly L. Zellars, Bennett J. Tepper +1 more
PubMedThe economic burden of depression with painful symptoms.
125 Citations2003RN, Stephanie A. Leong +2 more
More research is needed to assess the comprehensive economic impact that depression with painful physical symptoms can have on society, and more aggressive outreach may be warranted for patients with depression and comorbid pain to initiate treatment before symptoms are allowed to persist.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental MedicineMeasuring the Climate for Health at Organizations
103 Citations1993Kurt M. Ribisl, Thomas M. Reischl
The results indicated that the health climate differed significantly across worksites and that health climate perceptions were significantly related to measures of physical symptoms; exercise, nutrition, and smoking habits; job stress; and job satisfaction.
Psychiatric ServicesDepression and the Ability to Work
96 Citations2003Lynn Elinson, Patricia R. Houck +2 more
Understanding the factors associated with depressed persons' working and not working may help policy makers, employers, and clinicians shape health care benefits packages, employee assistance programs, disability programs, and treatment programs appropriately.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental MedicineOrganizational Climate, Perceived Work-Related Symptoms And Sickness Absence: A Population-Based Survey
75 Citations2003H Piirainen, Kimmo Räsänen +1 more
Part of the impact of organizational climate on sickness absence is not caused by an increase in work-related symptoms, and organizational climate seems not only to correspond with organizational practices and leadership but also occupational health.
Military MedicinePsychological and War Stress Symptoms among Deployed and Non-Deployed Reservists following the Persian Gulf War
68 Citations1993Stephen T. Perconte, Anne Wilson +3 more
Combat-de deployed reservists showed significantly higher levels of psychological symptomatology that non-deployed reservists, generally corresponding to levels of stress exposure, and no significant effects were found for race or prior combat exposure.
The Journal of Nervous and Mental DiseasePosttraumatic Stress Symptoms among U.S. Navy Divers Recovering TWA Flight 800
53 Citations1998Christopher T. Leffler, Mark L. Dembert
Military MedicineOccupational Stress and Psychiatric Illness in the Military: Investigation of the Relationship between Occupational Stress and Mental Illness among Military Mental Health Patients
52 Citations2001Steven Pflanz
The results reveal that this population of military mental health clinic outpatients perceived that work stress had a strong negative effect on their emotional health, raising the possibility that work Stress could be a significant occupational health hazard in the U.S. military.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental MedicineValidating Self-Reported Measures of Productivity at Work: A Case for Their Credibility in a Heavy Manufacturing Setting
47 Citations2003Harris Allen, William B. Bunn
Self-reports are found to perform well in both sets of tests on adverse event measures and productivity self-reports and serve as a cornerstone for 3 articles that follow in this issue.
PubMedOccupational health and safety risks and potential health consequences perceived by U.S. workers, 1985.
46 Citations1987Sharon Shilling, Robert M. Brackbill
Data from the Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Questionnaire, part of the 1985 National Health Interview Survey, were used to report workers' perceptions of occupational risk in their present jobs and may be used to target employment groups for health promotion or education and to develop indepth studies of specific occupational groups to reduce or prevent risk at the worksite.
Military MedicineDisease and Nonbattle Injury among United States Soldiers Deployed in Bosnia-Herzegovina during 1997: Summary Primary Care Statistics for Operation Joint Guard
32 Citations1998Kelly T. McKee, Mark G. Kortepeter +1 more
Analysis of disease and nonbattle injury surveillance findings for U.S. forces participating in Operation Joint Guard during 1997 extends previous observations that indicate that the Bosnia peacekeeping mission is relatively safe and healthy for U States forces.
Military MedicineThe Relationship between Battle Intensity and Disease Rates among Marine Corps Infantry Units
26 Citations1993Christopher G. Blood, Eleanor D. Gauker
Disease and non-battle injury rates were examined in conjunction with casualty rates across two Marine Corps operational scenarios, the assault on Okinawa and the Korean War, and highly significant positive correlations were evidenced.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental MedicineUsing Self-Report and Adverse Event Measures to Track Health’s Impact on Productivity in Known Groups
23 Citations2003Harris Allen, William B. Bunn
Although the joint use of self-reports and adverse event measures is the better approach, practitioners can use self- Reports with the expectation that this method will track group differences in health and productivity when adverse events measures are not available.
Military MedicinePsychiatric Illness and the Workplace: Perspectives for Occupational Medicine in the Military
17 Citations1999Steven Pflanz
It is suggested that a comprehensive examination of the relationship between the military work environment and the mental health of military employees is needed so interventions can be planned to mitigate the effect of stress caused by theMilitary work environment on themental health of its members.
Military MedicineMental Health Status and Visit Rates of Active Duty Members and Their Families: Findings from the 1994-1995 Department of Defense Health Beneficiary Survey
8 Citations1998Alan R. Constantian
Although the mental health status for the DoD beneficiary population was found to be generally the same as that of the general U.S. population within gender categories, gender-specific usage rates of mental health services of DoD beneficiaries in the groups examined were well below rates recorded for the general population.
Military MedicineClients, Problems, and Diagnoses in a Military Community Mental Health Clinic: A 20-Month Study
8 Citations1993James E. McCarroll, David T. Orman +1 more
The patterns of diagnoses reflected the demand characteristics of the military environment and one implication of this study is that psychiatric care must be examined in the context of the community and not just as an administrative or economic system.