Success in Amblyopia Therapy as a Function of Age

Analysis of results from 23 published amblyopia studies indicates that substantial numbers of patients over age 6 were successfully treated, and success rates underage 6 were not significantly better than those in older patients when the criterion for success was achievement of 20/30 acuity or better.

Abstract

Three dimensional printing (3DP) or additive manufacturing (AM) of medical devices and scaffolds for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, ex-vivo tissues and drug delivery is of intense interest in recent years. A few medical devices namely, ZipDose ® , Pharmacoprinting, powder bed fusion, HPAM™, bio-printer and inkjet printer received FDA clearance while several biomedical applications are being developed. This paper reviews influence of type of AM method and process parameters on the surface topography, geometrical features, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, in vitro, and in vivo performance of diverse orthopedic applications. Attempts have been made to identify gaps, suggest ideas for future de-velopments, and to emphasis the need of standardization.