Contextual influences on interactive processing: Effects of discriminability, quantity, and uncertainty
Perception & PsychophysicsPublished 1 January 1994Open access
Robert D. Melara, Jeffrey R. W. Mounts
Citations70
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Regression analyses suggested that three contextual variables underlie most failures of selective attention in speeded classification, including pitch discriminability, stimulus quantity, and uncertainty.
Abstract
Three contextual factors--(1) the discriminability of stimuli in pitch, (2) the number of stimuli differing in pitch, and (3) the uncertainty regarding which stimuli or tasks would appear--were manipulated as subjects performed speeded loudness classifications in each of six experiments. The magnitude of Garner interference and effects of congruity were used to gauge the degree of interactive processing. Enhancing pitch discriminability caused monotonic increases in interference and congruity. Stimulus-task uncertainty mediated the changes in Garner interference wrought by increased discriminability. Uncertainty also caused a surprising shift in congruity from strongly positive to strongly negative as uncertainty grew. Increasing stimulus quantity lowered interference, but had inconsistent effects on congruity. Regression analyses suggested that, collectively, these three contextual variables underlie most failures of selective attention in speeded classification.
Keywords
PsychologyNeuroscience
Signal detection theory and psychophysics
9,998 Citations1966David Marvin Green, John A. Swets
This book discusses statistical decision theory and sensory processes in signal detection theory and psychophysics and describes how these processes affect decision-making.
Psychological BulletinHalf a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review.
5,408 Citations1991Colin M. MacLeod
It is concluded that recent theories placing the explanatory weight on parallel processing of the irrelevant and the relevant dimensions are likely to be more sucessful than are earlier theories attempting to locate a single bottleneck in attention.
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of AmericaIntensity Perception. I. Preliminary Theory of Intensity Resolution
431 Citations1969N. I. Durlach, Louis D. Braida
An attempt is made to develop a quantitative theory of intensity resolution that is applicable to a wide variety of experiments on discrimination, identification, and scaling and provides, among other things, a new interpretation of the 7 ± 2 phenomenon.
Detection theory and psychophysics
368 Citations1956Thomas Marill
Perception & PsychophysicsSequential effects in absolute judgments of loudness
208 Citations1968Morris K. Holland, Gregory R. Lockhead
The effects of preceding stimuli on the judgments of current stimuli were examined in a study using absolute judgments of loudness with feedback and it was found that the response on a given trial was dependent on the stimuli in the preceding sequence of at least five trials.
Perception & PsychophysicsResponse system processes in absolute judgment
174 Citations1971Lawrence M. Ward, Gregory R. Lockhead
Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & PerformancePerceptual primacy of dimensions: Support for a model of dimensional interaction.
169 Citations1990Robert D. Melara, Lawrence E. Marks
Journal of Experimental Psychology GeneralHolistic and analytic modes of processing: The multiple determinants of perceptual analysis.
155 Citations1984Christopher F. Foard, Deborah G. Kemler
Perception & PsychophysicsMagnitude estimation and sensory matching
135 Citations1988Lawrence E. Marks
The results imply that judgments of perceived intensity of qualitatively different stimuli do not always obey the principle that equal sensations yield equal response, and that experiments using scaling methods to generate matches should compare stimuli whose levels of subjective magnitude are roughly the same.
Behavioral and Brain SciencesPsychophysical scaling: Judgments of attributes or objects?
124 Citations1992Gregory R. Lockhead
Perception & PsychophysicsRepetition effects in choice reaction time to multidimensional stimuli
111 Citations1974Gary L. Felfoldy
Perception & PsychophysicsResponse competition effects insame-different judgments
98 Citations1982Charles W. Eriksen, William P. O’hara +1 more
It is shown that a response signifyingsame will on the average be executed faster due to less priming or incipient activation of the competing response, different than that of a different response on the same trials.
Perception & PsychophysicsDoes stimulus context affect loudness or only loudness judgments?
94 Citations1990Bruce A. Schneider, Scott Parker
The finding that cross-frequency loudness matches are different from those obtained with other intensity range combinations suggests that stimulus range affects the perception of loudness in addition to whatever effects it may have on numerical judgments of Loudness.
Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & PerformanceRange and regression, loudness scales, and loudness processing: Toward a context-bound psychophysics.
85 Citations1990Daniel Algom, Lawrence E. Marks
Analysis of stimulus range and response regression determine characteristics of psychophysical scales for loudness and 3 kinds of intensity summation found context affected the degree of loudness integration as measured in terms of matching stimulus levels.
Perception & PsychophysicsHard andsoft interacting dimensions: Differential effects of dual context on classification
79 Citations1990Robert D. Melara, Lawrence E. Marks
This article extends Garner’s speeded classification procedure to investigate processes underlying the interaction of the auditory dimensions pitch, loudness, and timbre and finds that such dual-context situations reliably distinguish two kinds of interacting dimensions.
Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & PerformanceSlippery context effect and critical bands.
54 Citations1991Lawrence E. Marks, Elizabeth Ann Kronk Warner
Results are consistent with a model postulating the existence of a central attentional or preattentive "filter-like" process whose weighting coefficients represent the size of the absolute as opposed to the relative component of loudness perception and judgment.
Perception & PsychophysicsThe slippery context effect in psychophysics: Intensive, extensive, and qualitative continua
48 Citations1992Lawrence E. Marks
The present set of seven experiments showed that slippery effects were absent from judgments of pitch of tones at different loudnesses, duration oftones at different pitches, and length of lines at different colors, though a small effect emerged in judgments of duration of tones and lights.
Perception & PsychophysicsOptional processes in similarity judgments
43 Citations1992Robert D. Melara, Lawrence E. Marks +1 more
It is claimed that, when judging similarity, processes that are obligatory, or what the authors call mandatory processes, can commingle with processes of choice, and so need to be identifled-beforernandatory processes can be understood.
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of AmericaDirect Estimation of Multidimensional Tonal Dissimilarity
23 Citations1972Thomas Carvellas, Bruce A. Schneider
The agreement observed between the magnitude estimates and the monotone predicted distances strongly supports a distance interpretation for the dissimilarities.
Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & ComputersAmiga 1000 hardware timing and reaction-time key interfacing
13 Citations1986Richard D. Wright
A method of hardware reaction timing with millisecond accuracy, using one of the Amiga’s CIA 8520 chips, can be set to enable cascaded timing that functions independently of the CPU and, thereby, avoids the problems of software timing in a multitasking environment.
Perception & PsychophysicsPerceptual independence of pitch and loudness in a signal detection experiment: A processing model for 2ATFC (21FC) experiments
13 Citations1975Michael A. Zagorski
It is concluded that pitch and loudness are perceptually independent for the 2ATFC experiment, and an information processing model which does is proposed.
Perception & PsychophysicsAnatomy of a stimulus domain: The relation between multidimensional and unidimensional scaling of noise bands
8 Citations1975Susan F. Chipman, Susan Carey
Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & PerformanceProcessing line location and orientation.
8 Citations1981Gordon M. Redding, David A. Tharp
For stimulus dimensions of line location and orientation with both card-sorting and discrete reaction-time trials, facilitation occurred when dimensions were positively correlated, and interference appeared when dimensions varied orthogonally.