An analysis of emergency physicians' cumulative career risk of HIV infection
Annals of Emergency MedicinePublished 1 July 1991
Robert L. Wears, David J. Vukich, C. N. Winton, Lynda L Fluskey, Terry R MacMath, Li Sergio
Citations25
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score0.84
SNIP1.55
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Although the per-exposure risk is small, the cumulative risk of HIV infection may be disproportionately large and the efficacy of universal precautions does not appear to be substantially diminished over time.
Abstract
Although the per-exposure risk is small, the cumulative risk of HIV infection may be disproportionately large. The efficacy of universal precautions does not appear to be substantially diminished over time.
Keywords
Social SciencesMedicineHealth Professions
SciencePerception of Risk
9,071 Citations1987Paul Slovic
This research aims to aid risk analysis and policy-making by providing a basis for understanding and anticipating public responses to hazards and improving the communication of risk information among lay people, technical experts, and decision-makers.
Wiley series in probability and statisticsSimulation and the Monte Carlo Method
3,251 Citations2016Reuven Y. Rubinstein, Dirk P. Kroese
New England Journal of MedicineSurveillance of Health Care Workers Exposed to Blood from Patients Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
481 Citations1988Ruthanne Marcus, The CDC Cooperative Needlestick Surveillance Group*
New England Journal of MedicineRates of Needle-Stick Injury Caused by Various Devices in a University Hospital
418 Citations1988Janine Jagger, Ella H. Hunt +2 more
Characteristics of devices that caused needle-stick injuries in a university hospital over a 10-month period were identified and improvements could reduce the incentives for recapping needles and lower the risk of needle- stick injuries among health care workers.
New England Journal of MedicineOccupational Risk of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome among Health Care Workers
332 Citations1986Eugene McCray, The Cooperative Needlestick Surveillance Group*
The results of this surveillance project suggest that the risk to health care workers of occupational transmission of HTLV-III/LAV is low (the upper bound of the 95 percent confidence interval for the seroprevalence rate among workers with greater than or equal to 3 months of follow-up with HTLV+LAV antibody testing is 1.65 percent) and appears to be related to parenteral exposure to blood.
New England Journal of MedicineUnrecognized Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Emergency Department Patients
289 Citations1988Gabor D. Kelen, Stuart Fritz +11 more
Data support the concept of universal blood and body-fluid precautions by all health care workers whether or not HIV infection is known, and find 119 of 2302 consecutive adult patients to be seropositive for HIV.
Laboratory MedicineGuidelines for Prevention of Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis B Virus to Health-Care and Public-Safety Workers
265 Citations1989
JAMAUnsuspected Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Critically III Emergency Patients
148 Citations1987James L. Baker
It is concluded that infection-control precautions are indicated for both emergency department personnel and prehospital care providers when caring for bleeding patients, whether or not previous suspicion of HIV infection exists.
Infection ControlOccupational Risk of Hepatitis B Infection in Hospital Workers
147 Citations1985Stephen C. Hadler, Irene L. Doto +7 more
It is indicated that risk of HBV infection in hospital personnel may be most easily estimated by quantitating degree of blood-needle contact during daily work.
The Journal of Infectious DiseasesProphylactic Zidovudine after Occupational Exposure to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus: An Interim Analysis
128 Citations1989David K. Henderson, Julie L. Gerberding
Can zidovudine (AZT, azidothymidine) prevent infection?
PubMedHIV, trauma, and infection control: universal precautions are universally ignored.
122 Citations1990Jeffrey Hammond, Jeanne Eckes +2 more
JAMAProjections of AIDS Morbidity and Mortality in San Francisco
105 Citations1990George F. Lemp
The model projects 12,349 to 17,022 cumulative cases of AIDS in San Francisco through June 1993, with 9,966 to 12,767 cumulative deaths, and projected AIDS mortality by applying Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival time following diagnosis to the projected number of cases.
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical CareHIV, Trauma, and Infection Control
95 Citations1990JEFFREY S. HAMMOND, Jeanne Eckes +2 more
To judge compliance with a strict UP protocol, surgical residents engaged in trauma room resuscitations were observed on a random basis by trauma nurse coordinators and found only 16% compliance.
Infection ControlImpact of a Rigid, Puncture Resistant Container System Upon Needlestick Injuries
91 Citations1987Bruce S. Ribner, Martha N. Landry +2 more
It is concluded that a rigid, puncture resistant, needle disposal system can reduce disposal-related needlestick injuries, but must also be perceived as convenient to impact substantially upon needlesticks associated with other activities.
Laboratory MedicineUpdate: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Health-Care Workers
90 Citations1988
Infection ControlEffect of Changing Needle Disposal Systems on Needle Puncture Injuries
84 Citations1987Keith Krasinski, Rita LaCouture +1 more
Altering the disposal procedures did not change the number or anatomic site of injuries, nor the risk of injury among the various job categories, and the education program had little effect on the number and types of injuries.
Annals of Emergency MedicineCompliance with universal precautions in a university hospital emergency department
78 Citations1989Larry J. Baraff, David A. Talan
There currently is a low rate of compliance with universal precaution policies by emergency department health care workers with barrier precaution policies adapted from the Centers for Disease Control's "Recommendations for Prevention of HIV Transmission in Health-Care Settings."
Infection Control and Hospital EpidemiologyEffect of Bedside Needle Disposal Units on Needle Recapping Frequency and Needlestick Injury
69 Citations1988Michael B. Edmond, Rashida Khakoo +2 more
There was no significant difference in the rate of recapping or needlestick injuries after installation of the new needle disposal system, but educational programs regarding recapping may be ineffective.
JAMAFarr's Law Applied to AIDS Projections
69 Citations1990Dennis J. Bregman
Farr's Law of Epidemics, which states that epidemics tend to rise and fall in a roughly symmetrical pattern that can be approximated by a normal bell-shaped curve, is applied to the reported annual incidence of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the United States from 1982 through 1987.
Annals of Emergency MedicineSubstantial increase in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in critically III emergency patients: 1986 and 1987 compared
62 Citations1989Gabor D. Kelen, Stuart Fritz +6 more
It is found that appropriate protective measures must be taken on all patients requiring resuscitative measures regardless of age or clinical presentation, particularly in emergency facilities within similar locations, in a follow-up study conducted one year after a previous report.
Journal of Emergency MedicineEpidemiology of needlestick injury in emergency medical service personnel
60 Citations1988Margaret C. Hochreiter, Leslie L. Barton
These results document a high risk to emergency medical personnel of exposure by needlestick to blood potentially infectious for hepatitis and other pathogens and should be offered hepatitis B vaccine.
Annals of Internal MedicineOccupational Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
58 Citations1989Charles E. Becker, James E. Cone +1 more
The Fifth Annual Advances in Occupational Cancer Conference, held in December 1988 in San Francisco, addressed occupational HIV infection and concluded that the risk of HIV infection for health care workers is low but not zero.
The Journal of Infectious DiseasesDesign of Rational Infection Control Policies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
56 Citations1987Julie L. Gerberding, David K. Henderson
Infection control is chosen as the controversial area of infection control to begin this new section dedicated to short discussions on current topics of importance relevant to the rapidly expanding AIDS epidemic.
Annals of Emergency MedicineHuman immunodeficiency virus and the emergency department: Risks and risk protection for health care providers
35 Citations1990Gabor D. Kelen
The AIDS epidemic is having an increasing impact on the practice of emergency medicine, and the best protection against HIV and other blood-borne pathogens remains use of universal precautions.
PEDIATRICSNeedle Injuries Among Pediatric Housestaff Physicians in New York City
29 Citations1989Sanford M. Melzer, Sten H. Vermund +1 more
Data indicate that needle injury among pediatric house officers in New York is common, and reducing occupational risk is an especially compelling policy issue for pediatric training programs in areas where HIV is endemic.
Infection Control and Hospital EpidemiologyImpact of a Recapping Device on Venepuncture-Related Needlestick Injury
26 Citations1989Paul N. Goldwater, Royal Law +3 more
Users of a simple device designed to reduce the risk of injury when recapping used needles were shown to incur a needlestick only once in every 16,100 venepunctures performed, a fourfold reduction in the rate of needlesticks.
Annals of Emergency MedicineThe epidemiology of the human immunodeficiency virus
23 Citations1990Thomas C. Quinn
There has been a dramatic increase in the proportion of patients with AIDS who have acknowledged either IV drug use or heterosexual contact with other individuals at high risk for HIV infection, and Inner-city minority populations are disproportionately represented among AIDS patients.
Journal of Hospital InfectionNeedlestick injuries: mechanisms and control
23 Citations1988D A Kennedy
Consideration of a linear model for venepuncture and patterns that emerge from the literature can help to understand the occurrence of occupational needlestick injuries which are common in healthcare workers.
Annals of Emergency MedicineHepatitis B prevalence in emergency physicians
20 Citations1985Kenneth V. Iserson, Elizabeth A. Criss
Annals of Emergency MedicineWhat is the occupational risk to emergency care providers from the human immunodeficiency virus?
9 Citations1988James L. Baker
The extent and nature of risk of HIV infection to emergency care providers is addressed and the current management of significant exposures is reviewed.
Infection ControlImpact of a Recapping Device on Venepuncture-Related Needlestick Injury
7 Citations1989Paul N. Goldwater, R. Law +3 more
The American Journal of Emergency MedicineAIDS: Implications for emergency medicine
5 Citations1988Gabor D. Kelen, James L. Baker
It is suggested that emergency personnel can have considerable exposure to unidentified HIV infectious blood and other body fluids from critically ill patients and for the first time that nonparenteral exposure may be sufficient to result in transmission of the virus.
PubMedHow an occupational medicine physician views current blood-borne disease risks in health-care workers.
5 Citations1989Jan Rosenberg, Charles E. Becker +1 more
Estimating the risks of blood-borne diseases to health care workers is an important area of concern for occupational health physicians and major research and educational methods are needed to continue to explore all avenues leading to exposure reduction in the health care setting.
Infection ControlHIV Infection per Needlestick in Health Care Workers
2 Citations1987Larry M. Baddour
Keeping patients on this rather stringent kind of isolation has curtailed the spread, especially of MRSA, because personnel are anxious to avoid new cases, and are thus very strict in enforcing the necessary precautionary measures for themselves and other hospital personnel.
JAMAThe Incidence of Exposure to Needle Sticks During Surgery
2 Citations1990James W. Pate
No needle-stick data support the suggestion that any physician anywhere is likely to stick oneself 5 to 10 times per year, which is not only an unverifiable assumption in the literature, it is a priori preposterous.