Are Gender Effects Being Neglected in Schizophrenia Research?
Schizophrenia BulletinPublished 1 January 1992Open access
Otto F. Wahl, John Hunter
Citations44
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score2.14
SNIP1.67
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Gender composition of subject samples and gender analyses of findings indicate a continued predominance of male subjects in schizophrenia research, with males outnumbering females two to one, and frequent neglect of possible gender differences within mixed-sex samples.
Abstract
Research on schizophrenia published in four professional journals--Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Archives of General Psychiatry, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, and American Journal of Psychiatry--over a 5-year period from January 1985 through December 1989 was examined for gender composition of subject samples and gender analyses of findings. Results indicate a continued predominance of male subjects in schizophrenia research, with males outnumbering females two to one, and frequent neglect of possible gender differences within mixed-sex samples. Possible explanations for the male bias are considered and greater research and editorial attention to possible gender effects are urged.
Keywords
PsychologyMedicineHealth Professions
Annals of Internal MedicineDementia Praecox and Paraphrenia.
2,922 Citations1972
"Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia" (1919) was the book in which Kraepelin first presented his work on schizophrenia to the English-speaking world, and it was probably the most influential psychiatric text of the entire 20th century, and has now become rare.
The Journal of Nervous and Mental DiseaseDEMENTIA PRAECOX AND PARAPHRENIA
602 Citations1921Emil Kraepelin
Schizophrenia BulletinGender and the Course of Schizophrenia: Differences in Treated Outcomes
282 Citations1990Matthias C. Angermeyer, Louise Kuhn +1 more
When confounding factors were controlled for, schizophrenic women showed a better course of hospital treatment, experienced a shorter length of hospital stay, and survived longer in the community after their first hospital admission.
Subcortical functions in language and memory
245 Citations1992Bruce Crosson
This volume is the first single-authored volume devoted to understanding how deep brain structures participate in language and memory and comprehensively covers both language andMemory not only with extensive literature reviews, but also with examinations of the anatomy of the structures involved and discussions of theory in light of empirical data.
Journal of Psychiatric ResearchGender and the expression of schizophrenia
236 Citations1988Jill M. Goldstein, Bruce G. Link
Findings indicated that schizophrenic women not only expressed more impulsivity and affective symptomatology than did men, but their psychotic symptoms covaried consistently with the expression of impulsivity, anger and other affective symptoms.
Schizophrenia BulletinGender Differences in Affective, Schizoaffective, and Schizophrenic Disorders
217 Citations1990Thomas H. McGlashan, Karen Kernberg Bardenstein
Gender differences in the clinical profiles and long-term outcomes of chronic DSM-III Axis I psychotic inpatients from the Chestnut Lodge followup study highlight the importance of analyzing data by gender in studies of the psychotic disorders.
Schizophrenia BulletinGender, Premorbid Social Functioning, and Long-term Outcome in DSM-III Schizophrenia
149 Citations1990Susan E. Childers, Courtenay M. Harding
Schizophrenia BulletinThe Role of Gender in Identifying Subtypes of Schizophrenia: A Latent Class Analytic Approach
145 Citations1990Jill M. Goldstein, Susan L. Santangelo +2 more
Schizophrenic women were more likely to express a form of the illness characterized by dysphoria, persecutory delusions, and a higher family morbidity risk for schizophrenia than schizophrenic men, suggesting gender differences in the prevalence of the subtype.
American Journal of PsychiatryEffect of diagnostic criteria on the ratio of male to female schizophrenic patients
136 Citations1984R.R.J. Lewine, Daniel J. Burbach +1 more
This study analyzed the effect of using six different diagnostic systems (varying in their stringency) on the male to female ratio of schizophrenia among 387 inpatients to find that diagnostic criteria representing a broad conceptualization of schizophrenia consistently yielded equal rates of schizophreniaamong men and women.
Schizophrenia BulletinGender and Schizophrenia: An Introduction and Synthesis of Findings
128 Citations1990Jeffrey M. Goldstein, Ming T. Tsuang
The last 10 years of schizophrenia research have indicated a renewed interest in understanding gender differences in schizophrenia, and this special edition of the Schizophrenia Bulletin brings together recent research on gender and schizophrenia across a variety of substantive domains of interest.
Schizophrenia BulletinInfluence of Gender in Schizophrenia as Related to Other Psychopathological Syndromes
86 Citations1990Pierre Flor-Henry
It is argued that these differential characteristics derive from the differential hemispheric organization of the male and female brain--which also determines the male susceptibility to other psychopathological syndromes such as psychopathy and sexual deviations as well as the excess in women of schizoaffective states, affective disorders, and late-onset schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia BulletinPrognosis and Outcome Using Broad (DSM-II) and Narrow (DSM-III) Concepts of Schizophrenia
80 Citations1984Jerry F. Westermeyer, M. Harrow
Education level, age at first hospitalization, and work history were successful predictors of outcome when a new, narrow concept of schizophrenia was used, while several established prognostic items did not show strong predictive utility in DSM-II or DSM-III schizophrenia when young, nonchronic patients were studied.
Schizophrenia BulletinSexual Dimorphism, Brain Morphology, and Schizophrenia
77 Citations1990R.R.J. Lewine, Lawrence R. Gulley +3 more
Preliminary findings from an ongoing study of sex differences in brain morphology and neuropsychological performance in schizophrenia suggest that schizophrenic males are characterized by multiple morphological deviations; this may represent an extreme form of normal sexual dimorphism inbrain morphology.
JAMAIs There Still Too Much Extrapolation From Data on Middle-aged White Men?
69 Citations1990Paul Cotton
Fluctuating factors in clinical research are continuing to confound clinical practice despite documentation of important differences in drug responses and risk profiles among women, the elderly, and the elderly.
American Psychiatric Press eBooksThe Neuroleptic-nonresponsive patient : characterization and treatment
48 Citations1990Burton Angrist, S. Charles Schulz
Choice Reviews OnlineThe Concept of schizophrenia: historical perspectives
34 Citations1992
The classical concepts of schizophrenia, Guiseppe Roccatagliata schizophrenia in the medieval period of history, and John G.Howells on the psychotherapy of schizophrenia 1900-1920 are discussed.
Positron-Emission Tomography in Schizophrenia Research
9 Citations1991Nora D. Volkow, Alfred P. Wolf
The use of positron-emission tomography in identifying and quantitating receptors involved in schizophrenia and the interpretation of metabolic and neurochemical abnormalities in schizophrenic patients studied with positronic tomography.
JAMAIs there still too much extrapolation from data on middle-aged white men?
9 Citations1990P. Cotton
Perceptual and Motor SkillsPERCEIVED SEX DIFFERENCES IN INPATIENTS' PSYCHOPATHOLOGY: SOME PRELIMINARY FINDINGS
2 Citations1980Otto F. Wahl, Jeanne G. Herzog
Staff described females as greater management problems, showing more emotion, being more troublesome and uncooperative, having poorer contact with reality, and being less willing to participate in social interactions than their male counterparts.
Perceptual and Motor SkillsPerceived Sex Differences in Inpatients’ Psychopathology: Some Preliminary Findings
1 Citations1980Otto F. Wahl, Jeanne G. Herzog