Clonidine antagonizes the aversive effects of opiate withdrawal and the rewarding effects of morphine only in opiate withdrawn rats.
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TL;DR
The results suggest that the motivational system activated in deprived animals includes dopaminergic and noradrenergic components that are in series with each other.
Abstract
The researchers asked whether clonidine, an alpha 2-noradrenergic agonist, would block selectively the motivational effects of opiate withdrawal and whether clonidine's effects would respect the boundary between nondeprived and deprived motivational states. In a place conditioning paradigm, clonidine (0.05 mg/kg ip) blocked the rewarding effects of morphine in opiate-withdrawn rats (as well as the aversive properties of withdrawal itself), but did not affect morphine place preferences (2 and 20 mg/kg) in drug-naive rats. Furthermore, clonidine blocked the acquisition of morphine (15 mg/kg), but not LiCl (15 mg/kg), conditioned taste aversions in water-deprived rats. The results suggest that the motivational system activated in deprived animals includes dopaminergic and noradrenergic components that are in series with each other.