Where or when: Modality effects as a function of temporal and spatial distribution of information
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TL;DR
Even when associations were defined spatially, auditory presentation resulted in more accurate performance than visual presentation, and the error data suggested that spatial information was extracted through a temporally mediated reconstruction.
Abstract
Previous studies of short-term memory have found that auditory presentation of verbal information results in superior retention compared to visual presentation. The present experiments attempted to determine whether this superiority reflected the fact that the type of memory tested for was based on temporal associations. Here a spatially distributed array was used both for auditory and for visual presentations. Even when associations were defined spatially, auditory presentation resulted in more accurate performance than visual presentation, and the error data suggested that spatial information was extracted through a temporally mediated reconstruction.