The Role of Input Organization in the Learning and Memory of Mental Retardates
International review of research in mental retardationPublished 1 January 1966
Herman H. Spitz
Citations102
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TL;DR
The organization of the material prior to presentation can help overcome noise in the system and, thereby, appreciably improve the retardate's performance.
Abstract
This chapter discusses an approach stemming from the principles of Gestalt psychology. The chapter emphasizes the input and, specifically, organization of a material as it enters for filing. Information can be lost, added, or changed anywhere along the line, and this is discovered when the material given to an organism emerges from the organism in a different form. In such a case, noise interferes with the transmission of information. Noise is then produced by the subject and is manifested by the subtraction, rearrangement, or addition of information. The organization of the material prior to presentation can help overcome noise in the system and, thereby, appreciably improve the retardate's performance. Factors such as proximity, similarity, isolation, and meaning that favor perceptual organization are said to favor association and memory as well. Memory is enhanced when the material is separated and isolated from its surroundings and organized into separate cohesive units. The chapter discusses contiguity, which is one of the principles of perceptual organization.
Keywords
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