Detecting alcoholism. The CAGE questionnaire
JAMAPublished 12 October 1984
J. A. Ewing
Citations3,982
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score5.35
SNIP10.71
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Abstract
Four clinical interview questions, the CAGE questions, have proved useful in helping to make a diagnosis of alcoholism. The questions focus on Cutting down, Annoyance by criticism, Guilty feeling, and Eye-openers. The acronym "CAGE" helps the physician to recall the questions. How these questions were identified and their use in clinical and research studies are described.
Keywords
Medicine
American Journal of PsychiatryThe CAGE Questionnaire: Validation of a New Alcoholism Screening Instrument
2,265 Citations1974Demmie G. Mayfield, Gail A McLeod +1 more
The authors indicate that the CAGE questionnaire is not a sensitive alcoholism detector if a four-item positive response is the criterion; however, if a two- or three-item criterion is used, it becomes a viable rapid alcoholism screening techniquefor large groups.
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Three rapid interviews have considerable potential for use in the routine screening of high-risk groups, such as hospital patients and the Brief MAST, the Cage, and the Reich interviews each identified nine out of ten alcoholics.
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112 Citations1968Ramnik G. Barchha, Mark A. Stewart +1 more
A systematic survey of consecutive admissions to the general medical wards of a large metropolitan teaching hospital revealed a high rate of alcoholism, although approximately one-third of the patients with alcoholism appeared to be in remission.
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The use of a brief screening interview (CAGE) is recommended to increase diagnostic effectiveness in this area, and the clinical usefulness of an early diagnosis of alcoholism among orthopaedic surgical patients is discussed.