Caregiver Hardiness Explored Within Watson's Theory of Human Caring in Nursing
Journal of Gerontological NursingPublished 1 October 1997
Jacqueline M Piccinato, Janet N. Rosenbaum
Citations11
SJR quartileQ2
SJR score0.41
SNIP0.39
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The literature regarding the concept of hardiness is reviewed, a summary of Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring in Nursing is presented, and older caregiver hardiness within Watson's theory is explored.
Abstract
Older family caregivers are often responsible for aged parents or spouses. The purpose of this theoretical article is to review the literature regarding the concept of hardiness, present a summary of Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring in Nursing, explore older caregiver hardiness within Watson's theory, and discuss implications for gerontological nursing. An understanding of older caregiver hardiness within Watson's theory will guide gerontological practice, research, and theory development in nursing.
Keywords
PsychologyHealth Professions
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyStressful life events, personality, and health: An inquiry into hardiness.
3,180 Citations1979Suzanne C. Kobasa
PubMedNursing: human science and human care. A theory of nursing.
900 Citations1988Jean Watson
Watson's Theory of Human Care draws from the works of Western and Eastern philosophers, approaching the human care relationship as a moral idea that includes concepts such as phenomenal field, actual caring occasion, and transpersonal caring.
Research in Nursing & HealthMutuality and preparedness as predictors of caregiver role strain
888 Citations1990Patricia G. Archbold, Barbara J. Stewart +2 more
Results indicated that, after controlling for five other variables commonly found to be related to caregiver role strain, mutuality and preparedness ameliorated some but not all aspects of role strain.
The GerontologistThe Frustrations, Gratifications, and Well-Being of Dementia Caregivers
282 Citations1989Aluma Kopito Motenko
Face-to-face interviews with 50 older women caring at home for a husband with dementia revealed that gratification was associated with greater well-being and frustration with more distress, and the meanings of caregiving are more important to caregiverWell-being than the amount of care provided.
Issues in Mental Health NursingFactors Related to Nursing Burnout A Review of Empirical Knowledge
220 Citations1994AndrÉ Duquette, Suzanne Kérowc +2 more
It appears that the best correlates of nursing burnout are role ambiguity, workload, age, hardiness, active coping, and social support.
PubMedAppraisal and caregiving burden in family members caring for patients receiving chemotherapy.
216 Citations1992P J Carey, Marilyn T. Oberst +2 more
It is suggested that caregivers' appraisals of their situations may mediate the effects of illness and contextual factors on caregiver outcomes and that family hardiness is an important caregiver resource.
PubMedHuman responses to chronic illness: physiologic and psychosocial adaptation.
154 Citations1986Susan E. Pollock
Nursing ResearchStress in ICU and Non-ICU Nurses
138 Citations1985Anne Keane, Joseph Ducette +1 more
This study focused on the degree of burnout experienced by nurses in intensive care units and nonintensive care units of a large, university hospital, and found that nurses who were characterized as more "hardy" experienced lower levels of burn out than nurses lower in this construct.
Image the Journal of Nursing ScholarshipPersonality Hardiness and Burnout in Female Staff Nurses
96 Citations1987Victoria L. Rich, Alexander R. Rich
It was concluded that hardy nurses are more burnout resistant than are nonhardy nurses and effects of personality and age in burnout appear to be independent and additive rather than interactive.
Journal of Professional NursingSpiritual well-being: A predictor of hardiness in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
92 Citations1992Verna Benner Carson, Harry Green
It is found that in this sample those individuals who were spiritually well and who were able to find meaning and purpose in their lives were also hardier than those who had diagnoses of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS.
Advances in Nursing ScienceThe hardiness characteristic
76 Citations1989Susan E. Pollock
The health-related hardiness concept is further refined to include theoretical and operational indicators that can be used to investigate the effect of hardiness on adaptation to actual and potential health problems.
Nursing Science QuarterlyAdaptation to Chronic Illness: A Program of Research for Testing Nursing Theory
75 Citations1993Susan E. Pollock
Health-related hardiness and engagement in health promotion activities consistently predicted both physiological and psychosocial adaptation in all chronic illness groups, and the individual's perception of the degree of disability caused by the illness was related to psychossocial functioning.
Image the Journal of Nursing ScholarshipThe Caregiver Career
64 Citations1993Carolyn L. Lindgren
The family caregiver role undertaken by spouses of persons with dementia is described as a fatalistic career process with identifiable stages and the career is relinquished to some degree either from death of the ill spouse or institutionalization.
Journal of Advanced NursingSpouse burnout syndrome
64 Citations1986Jeanette Y. Ekberg, Nancy Griffith +1 more
The emotional and physical symptoms of burnout in the first and second stages were very similar to symptoms identified in the spouses of the preliminary study, and the nurse is better prepared to assist the spouse in prevention and/or early recognition and plan interventions accordingly.
Journal of Advanced NursingHardiness, self‐care practices and perceived health status in older adults
56 Citations1993Patrice K. Nicholas
Suggestions for further investigation of the relationship between resistance resources such as hardiness and self-care practices and health status are presented and replication of the study with a larger, more heterogeneous population is recommended.
Nursing ResearchCaregiving Transitions
55 Citations1994Clare E. Collins, Manfred Stommel +2 more
The need for further investigation of the influences of gender on bereavement following the experience of providing family care for a relative with dementia is suggested.
Image the Journal of Nursing ScholarshipThe Long Haul: The Effects of Home Care on Caregivers
53 Citations1990Sandra Gaynor
It is found that women with longer caregiving experience had more physical health problems than did those with less time caregiving, while younger women found caregiving more psychologically burdensome than did older women.
Image the Journal of Nursing ScholarshipHardiness: Conceptual and Methodological Issues
41 Citations1993Donna Tartasky
This paper analyzes and synthesizes the conceptual and methodological issues associated with the use of the hardiness construct and implications for future nursing research are discussed.
Nursing ResearchA Critical Analysis of Hardiness
37 Citations1994Bonnie Mowinski Jennings, Nancy Staggers
This critical analysis of hardines describes Kobasa's work as the foundation ofhardiness research, provides a review of hardiness in the nursing literature, and recommends future hardiness research.
Advances in Nursing ScienceA model of caregiving effectiveness for technologically dependent adults residing at home
36 Citations1994Carol E. Smith
Path analyses results indicate that variables explain variance in caregiver and patient quality of life, patient condition, and technological side effects and have implications for home care practice.
Journal of Gerontological NursingAlzheimer's and Related Disorders: LONELINESS, DEPRESSION, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT OF SPOUSAL CAREGIVERS
35 Citations1994Brenda Bergman-Evans
A comprehensive assessment of the caregiver and the care recipient may help the clinician identify aspects of the caregiving situation that are amenable to change.
The Nurse PractitionerHardiness: A New Perspective In Health Promotion
34 Citations1985Jeri L. Bigbee
In this review, the concept of hardiness is analyzed and discussed, and its implications for nursing theory and primary care practice are demonstrated.
Journal of Nursing EducationRelationships Among Faculty Practice Involvement, Perception of Role Stress, and Psychological Hardiness of Nurse Educators
31 Citations1993Clinton E. Lambert, Vickie A Lambert
No significant difference was found in role stress or in psychological hardiness between nurse educators involved and those not involved in faculty practice, and predictors of role stress were identified.
Journal of Gerontological NursingSpousal Caregivers' Burden IMPACT OF CARE RECIPIENT HEALTH PROBLEMS AND MENTAL STATUS
31 Citations1994Jennifer S Browning, Patricia M. Schwirian
In the study presented, mental impairment had the most significant negative impact on caregiver burden overall, as well as on each of the three components of burden--regardless of an impaired elder's physical problems.
Image the Journal of Nursing ScholarshipPerceptions of Familial Caregivers of Elder Adults
18 Citations1993S Sayles-Cross
Not only were significant relationships found, but caregivers emerged as an at-risk population.
Nursing ResearchHuman Responses to Chronic Illness
18 Citations1986Susan E. Pollock
Physiological and psychosocial adaptation were found to be two independent domains in this study and the hypothesis, that presence of the hardiness characteristic was significantly correlated with physiological adaptation, was supported for the diabetic group but not for the hypertensive or rheumatoid arthritic groups.
Rehabilitation NursingThe Meaning of Caregiving
16 Citations1991Felecia G. Wood
The experiences of caregivers who were providing care to an individual who recently had been discharged from a physical rehabilitation program were described to answer the question, "What is the meaning ascribed to the caregiver role?"
PubMedAn analysis of the concept of hardiness.
14 Citations1992Elizabeth W. Lindsey, Marcia Hills
If nurses have a better understanding of the concept of hardiness, then patients with hardy or less hardy personalities could be differentially diagnosed and nursing interventions could be initiated and tested to ascertain whether strategies to promote hardiness would contribute to the reduction of illness from stressful life events.
Image the Journal of Nursing ScholarshipA Woman of the Land
5 Citations1989Patricia A. King
This cross-cultural study presents the life history of an 85-year-old Australian woman's health, illness and care experiences and finds "Hardiness" and "keenness for learning" emerge for potential consideration in nursing practice and research.
Applied Nursing ResearchHardiness and depression in the institutionalized elderly
3 Citations1993Patricia H. Byers, Janine K. Cataldo
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between hardiness and depression in the institutionalized elderly and propose the health-related hardiness construct.