Ecological conflicts and economic dependency on tourist trekking in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal. An alternative approach to park planning

Abstract

Tourist trekking in the High Himalayas has increased to unexpected levels during the last few years. The trekkers are utilizing the natural resources available, and especially the cutting down of forest for firewood has caused serious environmental problems. By providing firewood and services, and by trading with the tourists, the local population is experiencing a new type of economic dependency upon cash income. The life style of the western tourists creates cultural and social conflicts with the Hindu and Buddhist society. The paper analyses the many interests involved in the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park at the international, national, and local levels. The park planning approach should be from below, starting with recognition of the main conflicts within the park itself and with the participation of the Sherpas.