The Economic Burden of Non–Influenza-Related Viral Respiratory Tract Infection in the United States
Archives of Internal MedicinePublished 24 February 2003
A. Mark Fendrick, Arnold S. Monto, Brian Nightengale, Matthew Sarnes
Citations837
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Largely because of the high attack rate, non-influenza-related VRTI imposes a greater economic burden than many other clinical conditions.
Abstract
Largely because of the high attack rate, non-influenza-related VRTI imposes a greater economic burden than many other clinical conditions. The pending availability of effective antiviral therapies warrants increased attention be paid to this common and expensive illness.
Keywords
Medicine
BMJCommunity study of role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in 9-11 year old children
2,001 Citations1995Sebastian L. Johnston, Philip Pattemore +9 more
This study supports the hypothesis that upper respiratory viral infections are associated with 80-85% of asthma exacerbations in school age children.
BMJRespiratory viruses and exacerbations of asthma in adults.
1,134 Citations1993K. G. Nicholson, Julie Kent +1 more
It is shown that asthma symptoms and reductions in peak flow are often associated with colds and respiratory viruses; respiratory virus infections commonly cause or are associated with exacerbations of asthma in adults.
New England Journal of MedicineAn Economic Evaluation of Asthma in the United States
997 Citations1992Kevin B. Weiss, Peter J. Gergen +1 more
The distribution of health care resources used for asthma in the United States was studied in order to lay the groundwork for further policy decisions aimed at reducing the economic burden of this disorder.
Archives of Internal MedicineBurden of Migraine in the United States
907 Citations1999Xiaohan Hu, Leona E. Markson +3 more
The economic burden of migraine predominantly falls on patients and their employers in the form of bedridden days and lost productivity.
JAMAAntibiotic Prescribing for Adults With Colds, Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, and Bronchitis by Ambulatory Care Physicians
697 Citations1997Ralph Gonzales
Although antibiotics have little or no benefit for colds, upper respiratory tract infections, or bronchitis, these conditions account for a sizable proportion of total antibiotic prescriptions for adults by office-based physicians in the United States.
JAMAAntibiotic Prescribing for Children With Colds, Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, and Bronchitis
690 Citations1998Ann-Christine Nyquist
Antibiotic prescribing for children diagnosed as having colds, URIs, and bronchitis, conditions that typically do not benefit from antibiotics, represents a substantial proportion of total antibiotic prescriptions to children in the United States each year.
New England Journal of MedicineComputed Tomographic Study of the Common Cold
669 Citations1994Jack M. Gwaltney, C. Douglas Phillips +2 more
The common cold is associated with frequent and variable anatomical involvement of the upper airways, including occlusion and abnormalities in the sinus cavities.
Epidemiology and InfectionAcute respiratory illness in the community. Frequency of illness and the agents involved
461 Citations1993Arnold S. Monto, Kevin M. Sullivan
Investigations of respiratory illnesses and infections in Tecumseh, Michigan, carried out in two phases, suggested relative sparing of young children from infection with type A (H1N1) and type B (H3N2) and infection rates were highest in adult age groups for types A and B.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineRhinovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Wheezing Children Requiring Emergency Care: IgE and Eosinophil Analyses
446 Citations1999Gary P. Rakes, Eurico Arruda +6 more
Results from this study demonstrate that a large majority of emergent wheezing illnesses during childhood can be linked to infection with rhinovirus, and that these wheazing attacks are most likely in those who have rhinOVirus together with evidence of atopy or eosinophilic airway inflammation.
BMJAcute viral infections of upper respiratory tract in elderly people living in the community: comparative, prospective, population based study of disease burden
385 Citations1997Karl G. Nicholson, Julie Kent +2 more
JAMAViruses as Precipitants of Asthmatic Attacks in Children
351 Citations1974T. E. Minor
Evidence for the exacerbation of asthma by specific infectious agents was sought in an October 1971 through May 1972 outpatient study of 16 children with histories of wheezing associated with apparent symptomatic respiratory infections and no asthma was noted during episodes of asymptomatic virus shedding.
Journal of Clinical MicrobiologyFrequency and natural history of rhinovirus infections in adults during autumn
349 Citations1997Eurico Arruda, Anne Pitkäranta +3 more
The results represent the highest frequency of virologically confirmed natural colds to date and document the importance of rhinoviruses as the cause of colds during fall months.
Clinical Infectious DiseasesCommunity Respiratory Virus Infections Among Hospitalized Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients
339 Citations1996Estella Whimbey, R. Champlin +10 more
The pneumonias that complicated RSV infection were almost exclusively viral in origin and were associated with a mortality of 100% if not treated promptly with antiviral agents, in contrast to many of the pneumonia that complicated the other viral infections, such as influenza, appeared to be either self-limited viral pneum onias or secondary bacterial or fungal pneumonIAS.
JAMAAcute respiratory illness in an American community. The Tecumseh study
317 Citations1974Arnold S. Monto
The American Journal of MedicineRespiratory Viral Infections in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Persons
306 Citations1997Robert B. Couch, Janet A. Englund
Infection surveillance of mostly hospitalized adults with leukemia or a recent bone marrow transplant yielded a respiratory virus from 181 of 668 respiratory illness episodes, in descending order of frequency, infections with RSV, rhinoviruses, influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, and adenovirus were detected in each of three surveillance years.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyA cost of illness study of allergic rhinitis in the United States
278 Citations1997Daniel C. Malone, Kenneth A. Lawson +3 more
Allergic rhinitis clearly creates a burden in terms of the number of persons affected, total expenditures, and lost productivity, and it also appears that a relatively large proportion of persons with allergic Rhinitis were not seeking medical treatment.
Illness in the home : a study of 25,000 illnesses in a group of Cleveland families
276 Citations1964John H. Dingle, George F. Badger +1 more
The present highly detailed study embodied a 10 years' observation of the illness experience of 86 Cleveland families comprising 443 individuals, and addressed the themes of the amount of illness in families, and the family role in the etiology and transmission of common illnesses.
The American Journal of MedicineCommunity Respiratory Virus Infections in Immunocompromised Patients with Cancer
217 Citations1997Estella Whimbey, Janet A. Englund +1 more
It appears that a favorable response will hinge on the initiation of therapy at an early stage of the respiratory illness, and a combination of antiviral drugs and immunotherapy may need to be considered for their potential additive effect as well as to prevent the emergence of resistant virus.
PubMedAntibiotics and upper respiratory infection: do some folks think there is a cure for the common cold.
191 Citations1996Arch G. Mainous, William J. Hueston +1 more
A majority of persons receiving medical care for the common cold are given prescriptions for an unnecessary antibiotic, which may lead to greater antibiotic resistance and unnecessary use of health care resources.
Journal of Clinical MicrobiologyDetection of rhinovirus in sinus brushings of patients with acute community-acquired sinusitis by reverse transcription-PCR
182 Citations1997Anne Pitkäranta, Emmanuel Nóbrega Travassos de Arruda +2 more
It is suggested that rhinovirus is an important cause of acute community-acquired sinusitis and that viral invasion of the sinus cavity itself may be a common event during the disease.
ThoraxEffects of upper respiratory tract infections in patients with cystic fibrosis.
174 Citations1996J Collinson, K. G. Nicholson +6 more
Picornavirus and non-picornav virus colds are associated with pulmonary function abnormalities and disease progression in patients with cystic fibrosis, and predispose to secondary bacterial infection and colonisation.
CHEST JournalThe Incidence of Respiratory Tract Infection in Adults Requiring Hospitalization for Asthma
171 Citations1997Harry Teichtahl, Nicholas D Buckmaster +1 more
Thirty-seven percent of adult patients with acute asthma admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine over a 12-month period had evidence of recent RTI, and Influenza A and rhinovirus infections occurred predominantly in late and early winter.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe Clinical Impact of Human Respiratory Virus Infections
166 Citations1995Floyd W. Denny
The interactive role of viruses and bacteria is not clear but may play a role in increased severity of respiratory infections, and crowding, inhaled pollutants, and malnutrition are likely candidates.
ThoraxViral respiratory tract infection and exacerbations of asthma in adult patients.
163 Citations1988Richard Beasley, E Coleman +4 more
It is concluded that viral respiratory tract infections may cause or be associated with exacerbations of asthma in adults, and that they are an important factor in severe exacerbations.
PubMedRhinovirus infections in an industrial population. II. Characteristics of illness and antibody response.
157 Citations1967Gwaltney Jm, Hendley Jo +2 more
Archives of Disease in ChildhoodSystematic review of the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection
152 Citations1998Tom Fahey, Nigel Stocks +1 more
Antibiotic treatment of children with URTI is not supported by current evidence from randomised trials, and larger trials are needed to establish whether antibiotic treatment reduces complications in children with upper respiratory tract infections.
PubMedThe Tecumseh study of respiratory illness. II. Patterns of occurrence of infection with respiratory pathogens, 1965-1969.
148 Citations1971Arnold S. Monto, J. J. Cavallaro
The Journal of PediatricsGreater frequency of viral respiratory infections in asthmatic children as compared with their nonasthmatic siblings
147 Citations1974T. E. Minor, James Baker +5 more
While respiratory infections of identical etiology that occurred concurrently in anAsthmatic and his sibling were equivalent in severity, illnesses were longer (but not significantly so) in asthmatic children.
The Journal of Infectious DiseasesRhinovirus Infections in Tecumseh, Michigan: Frequency of Illness and Number of Serotypes
135 Citations1987A. S. Monto, Elza Rencis Bryan +1 more
Rhinoviruses were the most frequently isolated respiratory pathogen in all age groups, including young children, and the pattern of age-specific isolation rates was similar to that for total respiratory illness.
Annals of Internal MedicineA Rhinovirus Outbreak among Residents of a Long-Term Care Facility
92 Citations1995Tina G. Wald, Peter Shult +4 more
An outbreak of culture-proven rhinovirus illnesses that occurred in the late summer of 1993 among residents of a large, rural Wisconsin nursing home showed that, contrary to its reputation for causing mild illness, rh inovirus may cause large outbreaks of clinically important respiratory illness among nursing home residents.
American Journal of EpidemiologyRHINOVIRUS INFECTIONS IN AN INDUSTRIAL POPULATION. IV. INFECTIONS WITHIN FAMILIES OF EMPLOYEES DURING TWO FALL PEAKS OF RESPIRATORY ILLNESS1
89 Citations1969J. Owen Hendley, Jack M. Gwaltney +1 more
The American Journal of MedicineViral respiratory infections in the community: Epidemiology, agents, and interventions
86 Citations1995Arnold S. Monto
Viral respiratory infections are a leading cause of acute morbidity in the community, and the annual frequency of respiratory illness rises during the second year of life, falls during subsequent years, increases again during child-bearing years, then decreases with advancing age.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyPhysiologic abnormalities in the paranasal sinuses during experimental rhinovirus colds
79 Citations1992Bradley J. Turner, Wayne S. Cail +5 more
Abnormalities of the paranasal sinuses, which were associated with increased volumes of nasal secretion, were detected by MRI examination during rhinovirus infection, and may have a role in the pathogenesis of acute sinusitis associated with colds.
The Pediatric Infectious Disease JournalRhinovirus infection associated with serious lower respiratory illness in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
78 Citations1997Aaron Chidekel, Carol L. Rosen +1 more
Rinovirus is a common and potentially serious lower respiratory pathogen in bronchopulmonary dysplasia patients and has lasting pulmonary sequelae in these children.
Annals of MedicineTrends in Clinical Practice Rhinoviruses: Important respiratory pathogens
72 Citations1998Anne Pitkäranta, Frederick G. Hayden
The high incidence of HRV infections and their frequent association with upper and lower respiratory tract complications highlight the need for more effective means of prevention and treatment.
Clinical Infectious DiseasesReport of a Workshop on Respiratory Viral Infections: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
67 Citations1993Kenneth McIntosh, P. Halonen +1 more
Means for preventing influenza are established, but barriers to the development of other viral vaccines—including the existence of multiple serotypes, imperfect natural immunity, and paradoxical hypersensitivity—have proven difficult to surmount.
Clinical Infectious DiseasesConventional Respiratory Viruses Recovered from Immunocompromised Patients: Clinical Considerations
66 Citations1999Núria Rabella, Patricia Rodríguez‐Inés +5 more
In conclusion, CRVs are frequent causes of respiratory illnesses and are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients.
Clinical TherapeuticsDiagnosis and treatment of upper respiratory tract infections in the primary care setting
60 Citations2001A. Mark Fendrick, Sanjay Saint +4 more
Clinical Infectious DiseasesAssociation of Rhinovirus Infection with Poor Bacteriologic Outcome of Bacterial-Viral Otitis Media
56 Citations1993Biin Sung, Tasnee Chonmaitree +5 more
The data suggest that the bacteriologic response to antibiotic treatment in bacterial-viral AOM may depend in part on the type(s) of virus present in MEF, which was associated with a higher rate of bacteriological failure than was that of respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus, or other viruses.
The Journal of PediatricsBacteriologic failure of amoxicillin-clavulanate in treatment of acute otitis media caused by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae
50 Citations1995Janak A. Patel, Barbara S. Reisner +4 more
The bacteriologic failure rate of amoxicillin-clavulanate therapy for AOM caused by NTHi was higher in the current study period than in the preceding period and factors contributing to treatment failure were race, gender, proneness to otitis, and concomitant viral infection.
Journal of General Internal MedicineThe common cold
41 Citations1996Bennett Lorber
The common cold occupies an almost unique position in infectious diseases, because everyone knows everyone knows what the common cold is, and everyone knows it is f r o m personal experience.
PubMedVisits by adults to family physicians for the common cold.
40 Citations1998Warren J. McIsaac, N Levine +1 more
The majority of adults do not visit a doctor when they have a cold, and most engage in self care, but illness severity, and its impact on patients and their families, seems to influence the decision to seek care.
JAMARhinovirus infections in an industrial population. II. Characteristics of illness and antibody response
36 Citations1967Jack M. Gwaltney
JAMAPsychic side effects of a chlorzoxazone and acetaminophen mixture; a case report
18 Citations1967Paul C. Liederman