Epidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemical reactivity in patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage IV colon adenocarcinoma
CancerPublished 1 January 2001Open access
Neal S. Goldstein, M. Armin
Citations361
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score2.95
SNIP1.90
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The current study attempts to address background EGFR reactivity issues before determining the optimum EGFR scoring system.
Abstract
EGFR reactivity of 2+ and 3+ may provide a framework for a scoring system. It may be important to evaluate EGFR reactivity in the deepest region of tumor invasion because this region appears to contain the largest percentage of 3+ reactive cells and appears to have the strongest correlation with survival length and EGFR reactivity in lymph node and liver metastases.
Keywords
Medicine
Annual Review of BiochemistryRECEPTORS FOR EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR AND OTHER POLYPEPTIDE MITOGENS
1,284 Citations1987Graham Carpenter
The LancetA NEW PROGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATION OF RECTAL CANCER
700 Citations1987Jeremy R. Jass, Sharon Love +1 more
A new prognostic classification is simple to use and is superior to staging by the method of Dukes because it places twice as many patients into groups that provide a confident prediction of clinical outcome.
HistopathologyThe grading of rectal cancer: historical perspectives and a multivariate analysis of 447 cases
543 Citations1986Jeremy R. Jass, Wendy Atkin +5 more
The problems associated with this exercise were viewed from a historical perspective and survival analysis of 447 patients receiving surgery for rectal adenocarcinoma was undertaken.
Diseases of the Colon & RectumPrognostic value of tumor “budding” in patients with colorectal cancer
531 Citations1993Kazuo Hase, Clayton H. Shatney +3 more
The presence of more severe budding appears to indicate a vigorous biologic activity of colorectal cancer, and meticulous follow-up—and possibly adjuvant chemotherapy—may be beneficial for patients with marked budding, regardless of their Dukes stage.
Molecular and Cellular BiologyErbB3 is involved in activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase by epidermal growth factor.
518 Citations1994Stephen P. Soltoff, Kermit L. Carraway +3 more
CancerThe prognostic significance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, epidermal growth factor receptor, andmdr gene expression in colorectal cancer
412 Citations1993Astrid Mayer, Masafumi Takimoto +4 more
PubMedExpression of epidermal growth factor receptor in human gastric and colonic carcinomas.
360 Citations1988Wataru Yasui, Hiromichi Sumiyoshi +5 more
The expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor was examined immunohistochemically in a total of 122 gastric and 61 colonic carcinomas and several cases showed positive immunoreactivity to EGF receptor, which did not differ by histological type.
PubMedAntitumor activity of sequential treatment with topotecan and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody C225.
334 Citations1999Fortunato Ciardiello, Roberto Bianco +8 more
In human ovarian, breast, and colon cancer cell lines, the antiproliferative activity of MAb C225 in combination with topotecan, a cytotoxic drug that specifically inhibits topoisomerase I and that has shown antitumor activity in these malignancies is evaluated.
PubMedLevel and function of epidermal growth factor receptor predict the metastatic potential of human colon carcinoma cells.
324 Citations1995Robert Radinsky, Semyon A. Risin +5 more
It is demonstrated that expression of EGF-R by HCC cells directly correlates with their ability to produce hepatic metastasis, and that only cells with high expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor produced a high incidence of liver metastasis.
GastroenterologyThe prognostic importance of peritoneal involvement in colonic cancer: A prospective evaluation
286 Citations1997NA Shepherd, KJ Baxter +1 more
LPI is a common event in colonic cancer and is a consistent predictor of subsequent intraperitoneal recurrence and is an important independent pathological prognostic parameter and may supersede other parameters in current usage in Colonic cancer prognosis.
Acta OncologicaEGF, TGF-a, and EGF-R in Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
250 Citations1998Caterina Messa, Francesco Paolo Russo +2 more
The over-expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, EGF and transforming growth factor alpha could be a mechanism for colorectal tumor cells to escape normal growth controls and suggest different growth properties in the proximal and distal colon.
CancerAn index for estimating the probability of lymph node metastasis in rectal cancers. Lymph node metastasis and the histopathology of actively invasive regions of cancer
240 Citations1989T. Morodomi, Hiroharu Isomoto +4 more
The degree of budding, which was abundant in the actively in asive region, showed a strong correlation with the degree of ly and the existence of n in the resected specimens, implying that the level of budding in theactively invasive region can be a great help in predicting the presence of n.
PubMedTransforming growth factor alpha and beta expression in human colon cancer lines: implications for an autocrine model.
219 Citations1987Robert J. Coffey, Anton Scott Goustin +5 more
Two distinct mechanisms explain the lack of detectable TGFβ and EGF receptors in the binding assays; the autocrine hypothesis remains viable for TGF β in SW480 cells but not for T GFα in SW620 cells; this would not discount a paracrine role in this latter case.
CancerPericolonic tumor deposits in patients with T3N+M0 colon adenocarcinomas
206 Citations2000Neal S. Goldstein, Jerrold R. Turner
The disease free survival impact of even small PTDs was significant, suggesting that PTDs of all sizes should be considered a single entity.
Annals of SurgeryTHE GRADING AND PROGNOSIS OF CARCINOMA OF THE COLON AND RECTUM
165 Citations1939Robert S. Grinnell
Annals of SurgeryIndicators for Treatment Strategies of Colorectal Liver Metastases
161 Citations2000Hideki Ueno, Hidetaka Mochizuki +3 more
H-staging can provide useful prognostic information for the treatment of liver metastasis and could also help in predicting the possible mode of recurrence after hepatectomy and in determining the most suitable mode of additional therapy.
Human PathologyIncreased expression of erbB3 in colorectal cancer is associated with concomitant increase in the level of erbB2
139 Citations1998Christoph A. Maurer, Helmut Frieß +6 more
The correlation between increased erbB2 and erbbB3 expression in both Northern blots and immunohistochemical analysis suggests a co-overexpression of erb B2 and ebbB3 and might support the hypothesis that these two growth factor receptors act together by heterodimer formation.
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer InstituteAntitumor Activity of Combined Blockade of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Protein Kinase A
138 Citations1996Fortunato Ciardiello, V. Damiano +8 more
Long-term treatment with a combination of agents that selectively inhibit two intracellular signal-transduction enzymes, such as the PKAI serine-threonine kinase and the EGFR tyrosine kinases, has anticancer activity in vivo, reflected by suppression of tumor proliferation and angiogenesis, with no signs of toxicity.
Genes Chromosomes and CancerComparative genomic hybridization analysis of primary colorectal carcinomas and their synchronous metastases
135 Citations1999Fahd Al‐Mulla, W. Nicol Keith +3 more
A repertoire of chromosomal alterations associated with metastatic colorectal cancer is established and it is suggested that Dukes' C (lymph node metastasis) tumors are not always simply an earlier stage of Dukes’ D (liver metastases) tumors and, thus, in some instances at least, they are distinct forms of the disease.
Journal of Surgical OncologyPrognostic markers of colorectal cancer: An evaluation of DNA content, epidermal growth factor receptor, and Ki‐67
129 Citations1992Alan W. Hemming, Noelle Davis +5 more
Assessment of patients undergoing resection for colorectal adenocarcinoma on the basis of various tumor characteristics that are thought to indicate prognosis indicated that aneuploid tumors were associated with worse Dukes' stage than diploids tumors.
OncogeneA role for epidermal growth factor receptor, c-Src and focal adhesion kinase in an in vitro model for the progression of colon cancer
122 Citations1997Valerie G. Brunton, Bradford W. Ozanne +2 more
It is demonstrated here that in the adenoma to carcinoma in vitro model c-Src is not the driving force for this progression but co-operates with other molecules in carcinoma development.
Cancer and Metastasis ReviewsModulation of tumor cell gene expression and phenotype by the organspecific metastatic environment
111 Citations1995Robert Radinsky
Recent data from both murine and human tumor models support the concept that the microenvironment of different organs can influence the pattern of gene expression and hence the phenotype of tumor cells at different steps of the metastatic process.
PubMedA rapid colorimetric in situ messenger RNA hybridization technique for analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor in paraffin-embedded surgical specimens of human colon carcinomas.
97 Citations1993Robert Radinsky, C D Bucana +5 more
In situ hybridization of paraffin-embedded sections of primary human colon carcinoma and metastases from liver and lymph node revealed cell-specific staining with EGF-R antisense oligonucleotide probes that correlated directly with Northern blot and immunohistochemistry analyses.
Journal of Clinical PathologyReporting colorectal cancer.
95 Citations1987Jeremy R. Jass, B C Morson
A new system of prognostic categorisation for patients receiving apparently curative surgery for rectal cancer has been developed, which is superior to the Dukes classification in that it can place many more patients into groups with clear prognostic implications.
American Journal of Clinical PathologyHistologic Features Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis in Stage T1 and Superficial T2 Rectal Adenocarcinomas in Abdominoperineal Resection Specimens: Identifying a Subset of Patients for Whom Treatment with Adjuvant Therapy or Completion Abdominoperineal Resection should be Considered After Local Excision
93 Citations1999Neal S. Goldstein, John Hart
Examining APR resection specimens with T1 or superficial T2 adenocarcinomas showed association of extensive budding, microtubular architecture, and undifferentiated cells along the advancing edge with LN-metastases, indicating patients at high risk of having LN metastases may be a candidate for adjuvant therapy or completion APR.
Japanese Journal of Clinical OncologyAssociation of Epidermal Growth Factor-related Peptides and Type I Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Receptors with Prognosis of Human Colorectal Carcinomas
83 Citations1995Toshiaki Saeki, David S. Salomon +8 more
The data suggest that AR and TGF alpha may play an important role in the development of colorectal carcinomas through an autocrine mechanism involving EGFR, and demonstrate that TGFalpha and erbB-2 may be more reliable indicators of metastasis or prognosis than CR-1, AR or EGFR in human colon cancers.
British journal of surgeryEpidermal growth factor receptor expression in colorectal cancer
81 Citations1990R. Steele, Patrick J. Kelly +2 more
It is concluded that a high EGF receptor concentration is associated with poor prognostic factors in colorectal malignancy.
Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische MedicinExpression of epidermal growth factor receptor in normal colorectal mucosa, adenoma, and carcinoma
75 Citations1990K Koretz, P. Schlag +1 more
It is concluded that the mode of EGFR expression in normal and neoplastic colon epithelium is variable and reflective of inter-individual constitutive differences rather than of abnormalities in gene regulation.
PubMedAnalysis of colorectal cancer by comparative genomic hybridization: evidence for induction of the metastatic phenotype by loss of tumor suppressor genes.
72 Citations1998Anneris Paredes-Zaglul, Jimmy J.H. Kang +5 more
The distinct predominance of genetic losses in the metastatic lesions when compared with the primary localized tumors provides evidence that the metastasis phenotype is induced by the deletion of tumor suppressor genes and permits the construction of physical maps targeting regions where novel tumor suppresser genes are likely to exist.
PubMedEpidermal growth factor receptor as a target for therapy with antireceptor monoclonal antibodies.
64 Citations1992John Mendelsohn
Anti-EGF receptor monoclonal antibodies are produced, which block the binding of EGF and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), and can prevent ligand-stimulated activation of E GF receptor tyrosine kinase, and have been useful in studies of EDF receptor function.
American Journal of Clinical PathologyTesting for erbB-2 by Immunohistochemistry in Breast Cancer
62 Citations2000D. Craig Allred, Paul E. Swanson
It is concluded reasonably from this study that experienced laboratories using the same primary antibody and otherwise sound but somewhat dissimilar methods can obtain consistent and reasonable results when measuring overexpression of erbB-2 by IHC.
Archives of SurgeryIncreased expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor on human colon carcinoma cells
62 Citations1986Susan J. Bradley
Increased expression of the EGF receptor on moderately welldifferentiated colon carcinoma cells seems to be a useful marker for the differentiation of human colon carcinomas cells and might provide a site for adjuvant hormonal therapy or immunotherapy.
Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathology Including Molecular PathologyExpression of several growth factors and their receptor genes in human colon carcinomas
57 Citations1990Masanori Ito, Kazuhiro Yoshida +6 more
The results suggest that human colorectal carcinomas express multi-loops of growth factors and that TGF-α produced by tumor cells functions as an autocrine growth factor in human colonic carcinoma.
International Journal of CancerExpression of TGF‐α/EGF and TGF‐p receptors in human colon carcinoma cell lines
54 Citations1989Uma Murthy, Mario A. Anzano +1 more
The concept that locally-produced growth regulators can function in an autocrine or paracrine manner to influence the proliferation of colon carcinoma cells is supported.
Pathology - Research and PracticeExpression of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in Gastric and Colorectal Carcinomas1
54 Citations1993Andreas Karameris, Panagiotis Kanavaros +6 more
The synchronous expression of EGF and EGFR indicates that gastrointestinal carcinomas may regulate their growth by an autocrine and/or paracrine mechanism and suggest that these carcinomas display pathological features of more aggressive disease.
Cancer LettersDifferent epidermal growth factor growth responses and receptor levels in human colon carcinoma cell lines
53 Citations1988Ching-Wah Wan, Mary K. McKnight +3 more
Observations provide evidence for possible autocrine mechanisms that maintain available EGF-R levels in more differentiated group III colon tumor cells and down-regulate EGF’s levels in group I Colon tumor cells.
British Journal of CancerEpidermal growth factor receptor expression in primary cultured human colorectal carcinoma cells
52 Citations1998W-M Tong, A Ellinger +2 more
In situ hybridization on human colon tissue demonstrates that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA expression is strongly increased during tumour progression, and redistribution of EGFR to apical plasma membranes in advanced colon carcinoma cells suggests that autocrine growth factors in the colon lumen may play a significant role during tumours progression.
Surgical Oncology Clinics of North AmericaMolecular Determinants in the Biology of Liver Metastasis
50 Citations1996Robert Radinsky, Lee M. Ellis
The analyses presented herein add important evidence to support the concept that cancer metastasis is not a random process; it is a highly regulated process that can be analyzed on the molecular level.
Clinical & Experimental MetastasisInfluence of the host microenvironment on the clonal selection of human colon carcinoma cells during primary tumor growth and metastasis
46 Citations1997Rakesh K. Singh, Rachel Tsan +1 more
A correlation between EGF-R, type IV collagenase, CEA, and PGY-1 gene expression and the production of liver metastases is demonstrated and suggests distinct HCC clones differentially expressing specific mRNA transcripts for metastasis-related genes are the forerunners of the experimental liver metastatic lesions.
British Journal of CancerEpidermal growth factor receptor levels are lower in carcinomatous than in normal colorectal tissue
41 Citations1992Paul G. Koenders, WHM Peters +4 more
For the first time, there are significant regional differences in EGFR expression in the normal human colon mucosa and the EGFR levels were significantly higher in samples from the proximal part of the colon than they were in sample from the distal part.
Archives of SurgeryIncreased Expression of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor on Human Colon Carcinoma Cells
39 Citations1986Stephen Bradley
Increased expression of the EGF receptor on moderately well-differentiated colon carcinoma cells seems to be a useful marker for the differentiation of human colon carcinomas cells and might provide a site for adjuvant hormonal therapy or immunotherapy.
International Journal of CancerAnti-sense oligonucleotides directed against EGF-related growth factors enhance anti-proliferative effect of conventional anti-tumor drugs in human colon-cancer cells
36 Citations1997Antonella De Luca, Mouna P. Selvam +6 more
Combinations of AS S‐oligos directed against EGF‐related growth factors and of conventional anti‐tumor drugs may result in efficient inhibition of colon‐carcinoma cell growth.
Journal of Histochemistry & CytochemistryPreferential Activation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Human Colon Carcinoma Liver Metastases in Nude Mice
36 Citations1998Craig Parker, Barry J. Roseman +3 more
The results suggest that the production of liver metastasis by HCC cells depends in part on the response of tumor cells to organ-derived growth factors and hence the activation of specific cell surface tyrosine kinase receptors.
PubMedEpidermal growth factor receptors in colorectal carcinoma.
36 Citations1990M Moorghen, Paul G. Ince +3 more
Experiments showed expression of EGFr in both tumour and mucosa in all cases, and immunohistochemical staining with the EGFR1 antibody was useful in localising EGFr to epithelial elements although it was less sensitive than ligand binding assays.
Diseases of the Colon & RectumSex steroid hormone receptors, epidermal growth factor receptor, and polyamines in human colorectal cancer
35 Citations1992Alfredo Di Leo, Michele Linsalata +3 more
The correlations found between estrogen and polyamine levels and EGF binding suggest the existence of a modulation of the estrogens on colonic mucosa cell proliferation and there was no significant dependency of polyamine and receptor concentrations from the tumor site, the histologic differentiation, or the age and sex of patients.
British Journal of CancerImmunohistochemical assay for epidermal growth factor receptor on paraffin-embedded sections: validation against ligand-binding assay and clinical relevance in breast cancer
33 Citations1995JC Newby, Roger A’Hern +4 more
In this exploratory study on a limited tumour set, EGFR was a significant adverse prognostic factor for both relapse-free survival and overall survival when measured by this immunohistochemical assay, but was not significant when measure by ligand-binding assay.
PubMedRole of growth factors and their receptors in the control of normal cell proliferation and cancer.
30 Citations1987Wahl Mi, G Carpenter
It is likely that the study of the interplay of growth factors, and the molecular basis of pleiotropic effects elicited by growth factors will help to explain how growth factor-signaling pathways affect gene expression and cell division in normal and transformed states.
Journal of Molecular MedicineEpidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-?, and epidermal growth factor receptor content in normal and carcinomatous gastric and colonic tissue
29 Citations1993P. Borlinghaus, St. Wieser +1 more
TGF-α should not be considered a tumorigenic but a physiological growth factor in the stomach and colon and an elevated EGFr content in colorectal tumors in comparison with the normal mucosa could lead to a growth advantage by an autostimulating mechanism.
Pathology InternationalExpression of EGF, EGF‐receptor, p53, v‐<i>erb</i> B and <i>ras</i> p21 in colorectal neoplasms by immunostaining paraffin‐embedded tissues
28 Citations1994Yoshitake Hayashi, Yekti W. Widjono +6 more
It is suggested that genetic alteration is not always equal to the overexpression of protein products, but that it reflects them well, and that the staining makes some contribution to differential diagnosis in colorectal neoplasms.
British Journal of CancerInterleukin-4 receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor expression in colorectal cancer
27 Citations1992L Kaklamanis, K C Gatter +2 more
Interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) and Epidermal Growth Factor receptor (EGFR) were assessed as factors associated with adenoma-carcinoma progression in colorectal cancer and tumour invasion, and lymph node involvement by tumour cells was detected in 25 out of 45 patients.
British Journal of CancerImmunohistochemical detection of epidermal growth factor receptors on human colonic carcinomas
27 Citations1990RJC Steele, Patrick J. Kelly +2 more
This data indicates that the presence of epidermal growth factor receptors in the gut contributes to the development of colonic carcinomas and the immune response to these tumours is regulated by EMT.
Journal of Molecular MedicineEpidermal growth factor receptors and epidermal growth factor-like activity in colorectal mucosa, adenomas and carcinomas
23 Citations1989Elisabeth Rothbauer, K. Mann +6 more
It is concluded that increased expression of EGF-receptors is infrequent in colonic adenocarcinomas and increased production of E GF-like growth factors may frequently occur but seems to be associated with tumor progression rather than with premalignant lesions as represented by adenomas.
European Journal of Surgical OncologyExpression of epidermal growth factor receptor messenger RNA in human colorectal carcinomas assessed by non-radioactive in-situ hybridization
18 Citations1995Ko Komuta, Takehiko Koji +6 more
It is concluded that the expression of EGF-R in colorectal carcinoma is not a promising marker of prognosis, however, the role in the metastasis to lymph nodes and recurrence of breast carcinoma and bladder carcinoma invasion remains to be examined.
PubMedExpression of epidermal growth factor receptor in normal colonic mucosa and in adenocarcinomas of the colon.
18 Citations1998C Ozğul, Erdal Karaöz +2 more
It was observed that expression in carcinomas were significantly higher than in normal colon mucosa, and EGF-R may be useful as a marker in malignant potential of adenocarcinomas.
PubMedTyrosine phosphorylation and the regulation of cell growth: growth factor-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C.
13 Citations1990S Nishibe, G Carpenter
PubMedReceptors for epidermal growth factor and sex steroid hormones in human colorectal carcinomas.
13 Citations1989I Magnusson, Rosen Av +4 more
Iodinated epidermal growth factor was used to identify its specific receptor in 32 human colorectal carcinomas and no correlation was observed between short term survival and content of receptors for sex steroid hormones.
Journal of Surgical Researchras gene activation and epidermal growth factor receptor expression in human colon cancer
11 Citations1989T. S. Ravikumar, Barbara C. Wolf +3 more
The morphologically adjacent normal colon mucosa in cancer patients expressed varying levels of mutational activation involving the codon 12 and the presence of unusual carbohydrates relating to the EGFr and the products of ras gene activation by point mutations in colon cancers may imply a functional role in transformation.
International Journal of Cancer<i>In situ</i> evaluation of the relationship between epidermal‐growth‐factor‐receptor status and tumor‐cell proliferation in colon carcinomas
7 Citations1993Rainer Porschen, Susanne Classen +2 more
In situ observations suggest that EGFR expression may not play an important role in the growth regulation of human colonic carcinomas, and may not be associated with T, N and M stages or tumor differentiation.
PubMedExpression of growth factor receptors is not a prognostic indicator in young patients with colorectal cancer.
3 Citations1997Neil E. I. Langlois, Walker Lg +4 more
The expression of EGFR and TGF beta R and the presence of the c-erbB-2 protein product were not identified as independent prognostic factors for survival and their expression did not correlate with established prognostic indicators such as Jass staging,The presence of extramural vascular invasion and the degree of tumour differentiation.
