Bases for Object Individuation in Infancy: Evidence From Manual Search
Journal of Cognition and DevelopmentPublished 1 August 2000
Gretchen A. Van de Walle, Susan Carey, Meredith B. Prevor
Citations148
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score1.14
SNIP1.15
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
Abstract
Abstract Two studies exploited a new manual search methodology to assess the bases on which 10- to 12-month-olds individuate objects. Infants saw 1 or 2 objects placed inside an opaque box, into which they could reach. Across conditions, the information specifying 2 objects differed. The dependent measures reflected persistence of reaching into a box that was empty regardless of whether an object should have remained. Success consists of little reaching after all objects are removed and persistent reaching for an object not yet retrieved. Given spatiotemporal information for 2 objects, both age groups succeeded. Given only property or kind information, only 12-month-olds succeeded. Despite disparate information-processing demands, this pattern converges with looking time data (Xu & Carey, 1996; Xu, Carey, & Welch, 1999), suggesting a developmental change orthogonal to that of executive function. This change may reflect the emergence of kind representations.
Keywords
PsychologyMathematicsEngineering
Psychological ReviewOrigins of knowledge.
1,361 Citations1992Elizabeth S. Spelke, Karen Breinlinger +2 more
These experiments suggest that cognition develops concurrently with perception and action and that development leads to the enrichment of conceptions around an unchanging core.
Psychological ReviewHow to build a baby: II. Conceptual primitives.
1,211 Citations1992Jean M. Mandler
A mechanism of perceptual analysis by which infants derive meaning from perceptual activity by way of redescribe perceptual information into image-schematic format, which simplifies perceptual information and makes it potentially accessible for purposes of concept formation and thought.
Cognitive DevelopmentThe importance of shape in early lexical learning
1,189 Citations1988Barbara Landau, Linda B. Smith +1 more
Cognitive PsychologyInfants’ Metaphysics: The Case of Numerical Identity
950 Citations1996Fei Xu, Susan Carey
It is conjecture that young infants might represent only the general sortal, object, and construct more specific sortals later (the Object-first Hypothesis), closely related to Bower's (1974) conjecture that infants use spatiotemporal information to trace identity before they use property information.
Quarterly Journal of Experimental PsychologyMemory Scanning: New Findings and Current Controversies
898 Citations1975Saul Sternberg
Journal of Experimental Psychology GeneralSubitizing: An analysis of its component processes.
692 Citations1982George Mandler, Billie J. Shebo
It is shown that subjects can make a very fast "countability" judgment indicating whether or not they could, if requested, give an accurate numerosity response, and the reaction time function found in subitizing consists of three processes: a response to arrays of 1 to 3 that is fast and accurate and is based on acquired canonical patterns.
Psychological ReviewRethinking infant knowledge: Toward an adaptive process account of successes and failures in object permanence tasks.
488 Citations1997Yuko Munakata, James L. McClelland +2 more
Journal of Experimental Child PsychologyDo Words Facilitate Object Categorization in 9-Month-Old Infants?
466 Citations1997Marie T. Balaban, Sandra R. Waxman
Findings are extended to 9-month-olds and the facilitative effects of words and content-filtered words on object categorization are discussed within a framework describing infants' emerging appreciation of language over the first year of life.
British Journal of Developmental PsychologySpatiotemporal continuity, smoothness of motion and object identity in infancy
453 Citations1995Elizabeth S. Spelke, Roberta Kestenbaum +2 more
Investigation of 4-month-old infants' apprehension of the identity of objects over successive encounters found continuity may be an early-developing, core principle by which humans individuate objects, but this principle may not guide all early-Developing actions on objects.
Cognitive DevelopmentHow to build a baby: On the development of an accessible representational system
434 Citations1988Jean M. Mandler
Cognitive DevelopmentConcept formation in infancy
419 Citations1993Jean M. Mandler, Laraine McDonough
Cognitive DevelopmentWhat representations might underlie infant numerical knowledge?
343 Citations1999Claudia Uller, Susan Carey +2 more
Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & PerformanceWhat enumeration studies can show us about spatial attention: Evidence for limited capacity preattentive processing.
332 Citations1993Lana M. Trick, Zenon W. Pylyshyn
Subitizing must rely on a mechanism that can handle a few items at once, which operates before attention but after preattentive operations of feature detection and grouping.
Journal of Cognition and DevelopmentPerceptual and Conceptual Processes in Infancy
313 Citations2000Jean M. Mandler
Vision ResearchShape and color in apparent motion
302 Citations1976Paul A. Kolers, Michael von Grünau
No intermediaries were found between two discriminably different colors: rather, one changed abruptly to the other, and the abrupt change of color occurred even when the stimuli were doubly disparate, in shape and color.
Cognitive DevelopmentReconceptualizing the origins of number knowledge: A “non-numerical” account
261 Citations1997Tony J. Simon
Annual Review of PsychologyORIGINS AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF PERCEPTION, ACTION, AND REPRESENTATION
248 Citations1996Bennett I. Bertenthal
Research relevant to the origins and early development of two functionally dissociable perceptual systems is summarized, suggesting that even young infants represent some of the defining features and physical constraints that specify the identity and continuity of objects.
Cognitive PsychologyObject Individuation in Infancy: The Use of Featural Information in Reasoning about Occlusion Events
225 Citations1998Teresa Wilcox, Renée Baillargeon
Child DevelopmentInfants' Ability to Draw Inferences about Nonobvious Object Properties: Evidence from Exploratory Play
212 Citations1993Dare A. Baldwin, Ellen M. Markman +1 more
It is indicated that infants as young as 9 months can draw simple inferences about nonobvious object properties after only brief experience with just 1 exemplar.
CognitionThe early development of numerical reasoning
193 Citations1992Prentice Starkey
Findings provide evidence that the emergence of numerical reasoning does not depend upon the prior development of a verbal counting ability or upon cultural experience with numbers.
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal BehaviorEffects of organization and semantic similarity on recall and recognition
174 Citations1969George Mandler, Zena Pearlstone +1 more
Three experiments were performed to extend the previous finding that number of cate-gories in organized, categorized lists determines the number of words recalled and introduce the notion of a postrecognition retrieval check.
CognitionWhy do young infants fail to search for hidden objects?
168 Citations1990Renée Baillargeon, Marcia Graber +2 more
Together, the results of Experiments 1 and 2 indicate that by 5.5 months of age, infants not only represent hidden objects, but are able to identify the actions necessary to retrieve these objects.
Cognitive DevelopmentYoung infants' reasoning about the physical and spatial properties of a hidden object
165 Citations1987Renée Baillargeon
Developmental ScienceInductive generalization in 9‐ and 11‐month‐olds
160 Citations1998Laraine McDonough, Jean M. Mandler
Cognitive DevelopmentWhere's the rabbit? 5.5-month-old infants' representation of the height of a hidden object
157 Citations1987Renée Baillargeon, Marcia Graber
Five-month-old infants' ability to represent the height of a hidden object is examined, finding that infants looked reliably longer at the impossible than at the possible event, indicating that they believed that the rabbit continued to exist and pursued its trajectory behind the screen.
CognitionInfants' ability to use object kind information for object individuation
153 Citations1999Fei Xu, Susan Carey +1 more
Twelve-month-old infants, as well as adults, succeeded at object individuation on the basis of object kind information alone, providing converging evidence for the Object-first Hypothesis.
Child DevelopmentPredicting the Outcomes of Physical Events: Two-Year-Olds Fail to Reveal Knowledge of Solidity and Support
143 Citations2000Bruce Hood, Susan Carey +1 more
Two-year-olds' knowledge of solidity was tested in four search tasks adapted from infant looking-time experiments, showing no evidence of representing solidity and support constraints on the trajectories of falling objects.
Developmental PsychologyOn developing a knowledge base in infancy.
140 Citations1998Jean M. Mandler, Laraine McDonough
Early organization of the conceptual system into global domains that become increasingly differentiated is discussed in relation to the adult conceptual system and its breakdown in semantic dementia.
Quarterly Journal of Experimental PsychologyOn the Tunnel Effect
139 Citations1952Luke Kennedy Burke
It is thought that the absence of sensory qualities justifies the use of the term “amodal data” to describe the way in which the hidden movement phase makes itself known to the observer.
CognitionSpecifying the scope of 13-month-olds' expectations for novel words
128 Citations1999Sandra R. Waxman
The results indicate that by 12-13 months, infants have begun to distinguish between novel words presented as count nouns versus.
Child DevelopmentResponse Modality Affects Human Infant Delayed-Response Performance
127 Citations1996Maura B. Hofstadter, Jeffrey S. Reznick
Findings indicate that response modality has a significant effect on delayed-response performance and suggests modality-specific sensitivity to the effect of priming rather than reinforcement.
Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & PerformanceIrrelevance of figural identity for resolving ambiguities in apparent motion.
117 Citations1976David Navon
It was found that figural identity does not have any effect on determining the type of motion experienced, except when the figural analysis involved is relatively simple.
Mind & LanguageFrom Lot's Wife to a Pillar of Salt: Evidence that<i>Physical Object</i>is a Sortal Concept
111 Citations1997Fei Xu
Perceiving and reasoning about objects: Insights from infants
107 Citations1999Elizabeth S. Spelke, Gretchen A. Van de Walle
Developmental ScienceObject individuation in young infants: Further evidence with an event‐monitoring paradigm
104 Citations1998Teresa Wilcox, Renée Baillargeon
Journal of Experimental Psychology GeneralObject perception and object-directed reaching in infancy.
103 Citations1985Claes von Hofsten, Elizabeth S. Spelke
Infant Behavior and DevelopmentEffects of prior experience on 4.5-month old infants' object segregation
100 Citations1998Amy Needham, Renée Baillargeon
Infant Behavior and DevelopmentInfants' use of featural information in the segregation of stationary objects
80 Citations1998Amy Needham
PerceptionDevelopment of the Perception of Invariants: Substance and Shape
61 Citations1979Eleanor J. Gibson, Cynthia Owsley +2 more
Two properties of an object, substance and shape, thus appear to be detectable as invariant in an event sequence, an instance of ‘phenomenal doubling’ at an early age.
Object Segregation in Infancy
56 Citations1992Amy E. Needham
Risk factors for the development of complications and recurrences must be considered for promoting preoperative patient prehabilitation, planning the surgical technique and referring patients to specialized abdominal wall units.
CognitionThe emergence of kind concepts: a rejoinder to Needham and Baillargeon (2000)
54 Citations2000Fei Xu, Susan Carey
In their reply, Needham and Baillargeon reviewed studies which provide evidence that under some circumstances, infants succeeded in using property/featural information for object individuation as early as 4.5 months.
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal BehaviorAn analysis of recall and recognition processes in verbal learning
49 Citations1965John A. McNulty
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal BehaviorA comparison of recognition and recall by a multiple-response method
19 Citations1965John L. Brown
Infant Behavior and DevelopmentThe violation of expectancy method: When adults fail to see the trick
3 Citations1998Susan Carey, Bryan Bergert
Infant Behavior and DevelopmentObject individuation and event mapping: Infants' use of object features
3 Citations1998Teresa Wilcox, Amy Putthoff
Infant Behavior and DevelopmentTwelve-month-old infants represent sortal concepts more specific than object: Further evidence from reaching
1 Citations1996Fei Xu, Susan Carey +2 more