The Role of Human Factors in Expert Systems Design and Acceptance
Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics SocietyPublished 1 August 1988
Azadm Madni
Citations76
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score1.48
SNIP2.65
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The critical psychological and human factors issues that must be addressed in the design, prototyping, and acceptance of expert systems are discussed.
Abstract
The goal of expert systems is to provide competent advice and assistance to users in tasks that require some degree of specialized knowledge. The success of expert systems depends not only on the quality and completeness of the knowledge elicited from experts but also on the compatibility of the recommendations and decisions with the end user's conceptualization of the task. This paper discusses the critical psychological and human factors issues that must be addressed in the design, prototyping, and acceptance of expert systems. Specifically, human factors considerations are addressed from the development, rapid proto typing, and end-user perspectives. Where possible, human factors guidelines are offered for each knowledge-processing stage underlying expert system development, prototyping, evaluation, and acceptance.
Keywords
PsychologyDecision Sciences
ScienceJudgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
28,003 Citations1974Amos Tversky, Daniel Kahneman
Three heuristics that are employed in making judgements under uncertainty are described: representativeness, availability of instances or scenarios, which is often employed when people are asked to assess the frequency of a class or the plausibility of a particular development.
ScienceThe Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice
17,311 Citations1981Amos Tversky, Daniel Kahneman
The psychological principles that govern the perception of decision problems and the evaluation of probabilities and outcomes produce predictable shifts of preference when the same problem is framed in different ways.
Cognitive PsychologyAvailability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability
9,943 Citations1973Amos Tversky, Daniel Kahneman
Psychological ReviewOn the psychology of prediction.
6,171 Citations1973Daniel Kahneman, Amos Tversky
Architecture of Cognition
5,111 Citations1983John R. Anderson
Semantic Information Processing
2,175 Citations1968Marvin Minsky
This book solves different problems like resolving ambiguities in word meanings, finding analogies between things, making logical and nonlogical inference, resolving inconsistency in information engaging in coherent discourse with a person and more.
Building expert systems
1,699 Citations1983Frederick Hayes‐Roth, D. A. Waterman +1 more
Cognitive ScienceAn Overview of KRL, a Knowledge Representation Language
899 Citations1977Daniel G. Bobrow, Terry Winograd
KRL is an attempt to integrate procedural knowledge with a broad base of declarative forms to give flexibility in associating procedures with specific pieces of knowledge, and to control the relative accessibility of different facts and descriptions.
Management ScienceExceptional Paper—Probability Encoding in Decision Analysis
665 Citations1975Carl Spetzler, Carl-Axel S. Staël von Holstein
The authors recommend and describe a structured interview process that utilizes a trained interviewer and a number of techniques designed to reduce biases and aid in the quantification of judgment.
Elsevier eBooksFRAME REPRESENTATIONS AND THE DECLARATIVE/PROCEDURAL CONTROVERSY
477 Citations1975Terry Winograd
This chapter presents some criteria for evaluating ideas for representation and presents a rough sketch of a particular version of a frame representation, and discusses the ways in which it can deal with the issues raised.
Technology and CultureExpert Systems: Artificial Intelligence in Business
475 Citations1987Gary James Jason, Paul Harmon +1 more
This book discusses how knowledge systems are developed near Futures, the architecture of knowledge systems, and the role of language and tools in the development of these systems.
Organizational Behavior and Human PerformanceTraining for calibration
379 Citations1980Sarah Lichtenstein, Baruch Fischhoff
Psychology Press eBooksCognition and the Symbolic Processes
343 Citations2014Robert R. Hoffman, David S. Palermo
This book discusses the role of perception and motor skills in the development of knowledge and problem solving skills in Cognitive Psychology, as well as some of the theories behind these skills.
AM, an artificial intelligence approach to discovery in mathematics as heuristic search
256 Citations1976Douglas B. Lenat
A program called 'AM', is described which models one aspect of elementary mathematics research: developing new concepts under the guidance of a large body of heuristic rules, containing great powers and great limitations.
Elsevier eBooksAN OVERVIEW OF PATTERN-DIRECTED INFERENCE SYSTEMS
128 Citations1978D. A. Waterman, Frederick Hayes‐Roth
In this chapter a brief overview of pattern-directed inference systems is presented, including an historical perspective, a review of basic concepts, and a survey of current work in this area.
International Journal of Man-Machine StudiesCognitive biases and corrective techniques: proposals for improving elicitation procedures for knowledge-based systems
57 Citations1987David A. Cleaves
Several biases and their cognitive origins are discussed in the context of building knowledge-based systems for wildland fire control and preliminary guidelines are offered for recognizing and correcting biases during the knowledge-elicitation process.
JAMAArtificial Intelligence in Medicine
52 Citations1983Edward H. Shortliffe
Professor Peter Szolovits of the Clinical Decision Making Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Laboratory of Computer Science has edited a well-written collection of papers that describes early work in the development of consultation systems for use by physicians.
National Academies Press eBooksResearch Needs for Human Factors
46 Citations1983Richard W. Pew
Basic research needed to improve the scientific basis of applied human factors work is described, including human decision making; eliciting information from experts; user-computer interaction; supervisory control systems; population group differences; and applied methods.
Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual MeetingDesign Criteria for Decision Aids—The Users Perspective
5 Citations1980Robert R. Mackie
The opinions of over 200 Navy personnel serving aboard ASW aircraft, surface ships and submarines were solicited to identify factors that will influence acceptance and use of a wide variety of computer-generated decision aids.
Artificial Intelligence
4 Citations2022Mario Mariniello