Effects of Time and Memory Factors on Response in Surveys

A simple model of the effects of time on memory is described, where the effect of forgetting and telescoping where the event is remembered as occurring more recently than it did is combined.

Abstract

Abstract This article describes a simple model of the effects of time on memory. The model combines the effects of forgetting and telescoping where the event is remembered as occurring more recently than it did. The model is tested on behavior data for which validation information are available. The use of records and of aided recall are shown to have opposite effects on memory errors. Records reduce telescoping effects, but not errors of omission. Aided recall reduces omissions, but does not reduce and may even increase telescoping. The article also includes a discussion of other characteristics of the interview and the respondent that affect memory.