Development of Thermoregulation
Handbook of behavioral neurobiologyPublished 1 January 1986
Michael Leon
Citations66
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The development of thermoregulation may be understood best by an analysis of the interactions between mother and young.
Abstract
Animals live in a world in which the ambient temperature may fluctuate over the course of minutes or seasons. The young of various species and of different ages within species use diverse strategies to maintain their thermal homeostasis. Neonatal thermoregulation may involve physiological and/or behavioral responses, not only by the offspring, but by the parent as well. The development of thermoregulation therefore may be understood best by an analysis of the interactions between mother and young.
Keywords
PsychologyMedicineNeuroscience
JAMAThe Fire of Life
1,800 Citations1962Fritz Jung
This book is a magnificent synthesis of scientific information on the basis of Lavoisier's important dictum that respiration is a kind of combustion and the repeated mention of Malthus and "writers with a hate complex".
The Quarterly Review of BiologySex Determination in Reptiles
774 Citations1980James J. Bull
Temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) is common in turtles and has been reported in two lizards and alligators; however, data on TSD are available for few non-turtle species and an attempt is made to deduce their ancestries.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B Comparative BiochemistryComparative biochemistry and physiology
682 Citations1981
EcologyOn the Ecological Significance of Bergmann's Rule
633 Citations1971Brian K. McNab
A positive correlation of weight with latitude in homoiotherms (Bergmann's rule) cannot normally depend upon the physics of heat exchange, and most latitudinally widespread mammals in North America do not follow this rule.
Canadian Journal of Physiology and PharmacologyTissue distribution of cold-induced thermogenesis in conscious warm- or cold-acclimated rats reevaluated from changes in tissue blood flow: The dominant role of brown adipose tissue in the replacement of shivering by nonshivering thermogenesis
519 Citations1979David O. Foster, M. Lorraine Frydman
Radioactive microspheres (12–16 μm) were used to measure cardiac output, its fractional distribution, and hence tissue blood flow in conscious, warm-acclimated or cold-acClimated white rats exposed to temperatures of 25, 21, 6, −6, and −19 °C, the objective being to assess the tissue distribution of cold-induced thermogenesis.
Pharmacological ReviewsSYMPATHETIC REGULATION OF METABOLISM
351 Citations1967Jean Himms‐Hagen
The study concludes with an examination of the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of metabolism and of the use of drugs that modify sympathetic activity.
ScienceTemperature-Dependent Sex Determination in Turtles
342 Citations1979James J. Bull, Richard C. Vogt
The sex of hatchling map turtles is determined by incubation temperature of eggs in the laboratory as well as in nature, and temperature controls sex differentiation rather than causing a differential mortality of sexes.
Journal of Comparative and Physiological PsychologyHuddling by rat pups: Group behavioral mechanisms of temperature regulation and energy conservation.
282 Citations1978Jeffrey R. Alberts
Rat pups derive physiological benefits from huddling similar to those enjoyed by adult mammals; these findings contrast with previous characterization of the altricial rat as poikilothermic.
ScienceRabbit: Frequency of Suckling in the Pup
275 Citations1965M. X. Zarrow, Victor H. Denenberg +1 more
In all three groups the young were nursed only once every 24 hours, and the restriction of suckling to once a day appears to depend on the mother and not the pups.
Animal BehaviourContinuous recording of maternal behaviour in Rattus norvegicus
264 Citations1969Lee J. Grota, Robert Ader
It was found that the total time and the duration of each period that the mother spends with its litter shows an orderly decrease over the 21 days post-partum, and there is a 24-hr rhythm in maternal behaviour.
Physiology & BehaviorThermal control of mother-young contact in rats
251 Citations1978Michael Leon, P.G. Croskerry +1 more
It is concluded that nest bouts are normally limited by a rise in maternal temperature, and that the rate of temperature rise determines the duration of each bout.
American Journal of Physiology-Legacy ContentRole of the Sympathetic Nervous System in the Control of Chemical Regulation of Heat Production
230 Citations1957Andrew C. Hsieh, L. D. Carlson +1 more
The ganglionic blocking agent hexamethonium chloride and the adrenolytic agent piperoxane hydrochloride prevented the increase in oxygen consumption otherwise observed in curarized, cold-adapted ra...
Respiration PhysiologyRespiratory gas exchange by the avian embryo
229 Citations1970O. Douglas Wangensteen, Hermann Rahn
PO2 and PCO2 values were obtained from the air cells of chick embryos of various ages and when considered together with metabolic rate and measured egg shell permeability data they are found to be consistent with the hypothesis that gas exchange by the avian embryo is limited by diffusion through its porous shell.
NatureFever in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis
212 Citations1974Linda K. Vaughn, H A Bernheim +1 more
The central nervous control of temperature in an ectotherm, such as a lizard, and an endotherm that appears to be quite similar, and lesions in the posterior hypothalamus in both lizards and mammals lead to an inability to maintain a high body temperature.
NatureSurvival value of fever in fish
211 Citations1977Jerry B. Covert, William W. Reynolds
It is reported here that fever significantly enhances survival of goldfish, Carassius auratus, at febrile temperatures about 10 °C lower than those of D. dorsails, after injection with live A. hydrophila.
Developmental PsychobiologyOlfactory, thermal, and tactual influences on infantile ultrasonic vocalization in rats
207 Citations1975Gaylon L. Oswalt, Gilbert W. Meier
The results indicate that olfactory, tactual, and thermal nest cues influence infantile ultrasonic vocalization in the rat.
ScienceTemperature-Dependent Sex Determination: Current Practices Threaten Conservation of Sea Turtles
204 Citations1982Stephen J. Morreale, Georgita Ruiz +2 more
Temperature determines the sex of hatchling green turtles (Chelonia mydas) produced from eggs incubated in a beach hatchery under different temperature regimens, and present conservation practices may be producing all male, all female, or even intersex hatchlings.
The Journal of PhysiologyOxygen consumption in new‐born rats
200 Citations1960Pamela M. Taylor
It was decided to determine in more detail the influence of age on minimal O2 consumption, on the neutral environmental temperature at which 02 consumption is minimal, and on the maximal increase in 02 consumption that is observed with cooling.
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology and Cognate Medical SciencesSIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF UTERINE AND UMBILICAL BLOOD FLOWS AND OXYGEN UPTAKES
192 Citations1967Giacomo Meschia, Julian R. Cotter +2 more
Results of sixteen experiments on sheep and goats show that transplacental diffusion of antipyrine is mainly flow-limited, the placenta simulates a concturrent system of exchange, and the oxygen uptakes of the fetus and the utero-placental mass were, in many cases, of similar magnitude.
British Journal of PsychologyEARLY STIMULATION OF RODENTS: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF PRESENT INTERPRETATIONS
183 Citations1973Martin Daly
The presumed benefits of extra stimulation given to infant laboratory rodents are reviewed and the validity or adaptiveness of each is concluded to be very questionable.
Journal of MorphologyEffects of incubation temperatures on sexual differentiation in the turtle, <i>Chelydra serpentina</i>
167 Citations1976C. L. Yntema
Eggs of the common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina, were incubated at constant temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C, and in females at hatching, the oviduct was intact hut in some cases the gonad retained bisexual characteristics.
Journal of Experimental BiologyBody Weight and the Energetics of Temperature Regulation
159 Citations1970Brian K. McNab
The interactions of basal rate of metabolism, thermal conductance, body temperature, lower limit of thermoneutrality, and body weight in mammals are compatible with Newton's law of cooling.
The Ecology of Weaning
155 Citations1981Bennett G. Galef
Prior to reaching reproductive age each altricial mammal must become competent to acquire directly from the environment those goods and services which it previously acquired only indirectly as the result of interaction with conspecific caretakers.
Journal of Experimental BiologyThe Relationship of the External Surface Area of Birds to Skin Surface Area and Body Mass
154 Citations1978Glenn E. Walsberg, James R. King
Data from 12 bird species reveal that skin surface area averages 23 % larger than the external surface area of the plumage.
Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical SocietyTHE INCUBATION PATCH OF BIRDS
144 Citations1971Richard E. Jones
The incubation patch of birds forms in the areas of the ventrum devoid of contour feathers (apteria) by processes involving defeathering of down, dermal and subdermal hypervascularization, oedema, and hyperplasia of the epidermis and dermal connective tissue.
Journal of ZoologyThe temperature relations of vocalization in infant Golden hamsters and Wistar rats
143 Citations1971Eyo E. Okon
The changes with age in the intensity of these sounds and the rate of calling are found to be related to the pattern of development of homiothermy in the two species, Wistar rats and Golden hamsters.
ScienceFeeding and Behavioral Activation in Infant Rats
142 Citations1979W. G. Hall
Three-day-old rats that were separated from their mothers and deprived of food were found to be capable of feeding either from small puddles of milk or when milk was infused into the front of their mouths, demonstrating that neural systems for ingestive behavior are present at birth.
ScienceThermoregulation in a Brooding Female Indian Python, <i>Python molurus bivittatus</i>
140 Citations1966Victor H. Hutchison, Herndon G. Dowling +1 more
At varying environmental temperatures, measurements of body temperatures and gas exchange of a female Indian python show that during the brooding period this animal can regulate its body temperature by physiological means analogous to those in endotherms.
American Journal of OrthopsychiatryThe development of maternal responsiveness in the rat.
137 Citations1969Jay S. Rosenblatt
Maternal responsiveness in the rat develops gradually during pregnancy and parturition, and in the postpartum period of maternal care, and is shown to be based upon substance(s) carried in the blood of the post parturient mother.
PEDIATRICSEFFECT OF THE THERMAL ENVIRONMENT ON COLD RESISTANCE AND GROWTH OF SMALL INFANTS AFTER THE FIRST WEEK OF LIFE
137 Citations1968Leonard Glass, William A. Silverman +1 more
Cold resistance–the ability to prevent a fall of deep body temperature in the 28°C environment– was significantly greater among infants who had spent 2 weeks in the slightly cooler environment.
The Journal of PhysiologyThe blood flow and oxygen consumption of brown adipose tissue in the new‐born rabbit
131 Citations1966T Heim, D. Hull
A direct method for measuring venous outflow from brown adipose tissue in anaesthetized new‐born rabbits is described.
European Journal of BiochemistryOxidative Metabolism in Cells Isolated from Brown Adipose Tissue
130 Citations1968Stanley B. Prusiner, Barbara Cannon +1 more
The Journal of PhysiologyThe metabolic rate of the new‐born pig in relation to environmental temperature and to age
128 Citations1959L. E. Mount
The results presented here show that the new-born pig is not poikilothermous and that over the environmental temperature range 4-38° C it exhibits a vigorous metabolic response to cooling of the environment.
The Journal of PhysiologyThe contribution of brown adipose tissue to heat production in the new‐born rabbit.
127 Citations1965D. Hull, Malcolm Segall
The results of the present experiments show that after excision of brown adipose tissue the responses of the new-born rabbit to cold exposure and to infusion of noradrenaline were greatly reduced.
The Journal of PhysiologyFever and survival in rabbits infected with <i>Pasteurella multocida</i>
127 Citations1978Matthew J. Kluger, Linda K. Vaughn
Fever and survival rate of New Zealand white rabbits, injected with two doses of live Pasteurella multocida, were compared to determine if the relation between fever and survival observed in reptiles is also seen in a mammal.
EndocrinologyHORMONAL FACTORS INFLUENCING FAT DEPOSITION IN THE INTERSCAPULAR BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE OF THE WHITE RAT<sup>1</sup>
126 Citations1953Jean-Paul Lachance, Edouard Pagé
The role of adrenal hormones was studied in view of the findings of Fawcett and Jones (1949) that the functional integrity of the adrenal cortex is essential for the normal complement of lipids in brown adipose tissue.
Animal BehaviourChanges in licking behaviour of rat mother following handling of young
120 Citations1974M.H.S. Lee, D. Innes Williams
Observations were made before and after handling, and long-term changes in licking behaviour were found.
Developmental PsychobiologyOlfaction mediates developmental transition in the altricial newborn of selected species of mammals
116 Citations1983Jay S. Rosenblatt
It would be interesting to carry out detailed comparisons of the ontogeny of such adjustments in blind-born mammals such as the dog in comparison with mammals that have vision at birth–ungulates, for example.
Behavioral and Neural BiologyClassical conditioning of an odor preference in 3-day-old rats
116 Citations1980Ingrid B. Johanson, Martin H. Teicher
Findings indicate that 3-day-old rats are capable of appetitive associative learning.
NatureEarly Stimulation and Maternal Behaviour
113 Citations1967S. A. Barnett, John Burn
Stimulating young mice by various methods can accelerate their development, and some of the changes evidently result from the direct action of the stimulation on the young, but some seem to be due to changes in the behaviour of the mother toward her offspring.
EndocrinologyIncreased Adrenocortical Activity in the Neonatal Rat Following Handling
112 Citations1967Victor H. Denenberg, JOAN THATCHER BRUMAGHIM +2 more
A standard handling procedure, employed with 2-day-old rats, caused a significant rise in plasma corticosterone hr after the pups were returned to the maternity cage and the mother.
Developmental PsychobiologyNonnutritive, thermotactile induction of filial huddling in rat pups
111 Citations1984Jeffrey R. Alberts, Brad May
It was concluded that thermotactile stimulation during mother-young interactions induces olfactory preferences in the weanling rat that are stronger than those resulting from familiarization.
EcologyMorphological Changes in Swine Associated with Environmental Temperature
111 Citations1969M.E. Weaver, Douglas Ingram
It was found that with respect to all measurements the 20°C pigs were intermediate between the 5° and 35°C animals, which substantiate Allen's Rule that in colder climates the length of appendages and of extremities is reduced.
NatureMaternal Behaviour in the Rat
110 Citations1933James Drever
The authors have studied, more exhaustively than has ever been done previously, one phase of the maternal behaviour of white rats the phase designated by them retrieving, and succeeded in devising a method by which a quantitative estimate may be obtained of what the authors may call the retrieving phase ofThe maternal instinct of rats.
British Journal Of NutritionChanges in the chemical composition of sow-reared piglets during the 1st month of life
105 Citations1963M. J. Manners, M. R. McCrea
ScienceBehavioral Fever in Newborn Rabbits
102 Citations1976Evelyn Satinoff, G. N. Mcewen +1 more
Newborn rabbits will develop a fever by behavioral means after a single injection of an exogenous pyrogen.
Respiration PhysiologyPermeabilty of the shell and shell membraes of hens' eggs during development
98 Citations1971Howard Kutchai, Johan B. Steen
Preliminary results suggest that an increased colloid osmotic effect of the albumen plays a role in loss of water by the membranes of fertilized eggs.
Physiology & BehaviorDeterminants of mother-young contact in Norway rats
90 Citations1983James E. Jans, Michael Leon
It is concluded that rat dams do not attempt to maximize the duration of their contact bouts with their offspring, and pups could actively curtail interbout intervals by emitting ultrasonic vocalizations.
The Journal of Agricultural ScienceThe influence of huddling and body size on the metabolic rate of the young pig
89 Citations1960L. E. Mount
It has been found that as environmental temperature falls below 30° C. and the grouped pigs huddle together, oxygen consumption per kg.
European Journal of BiochemistryOxidative Metabolism in Cells Isolated from Brown Adipose Tissue
87 Citations1968Stanley B. Prusiner, Barbara Cannon +2 more
A fine metabolic control must exist which regulates a balance between ATP production for fatty acid activation and a loosening of coupling between electron transport and phosphorylation.
Physiological ZoologyPhysiological Responses of Embryonic Heermann's Gulls to Temperature
85 Citations1979Albert F. Bennett, William R. Dawson
An important aspect of incubation by adult Heermann's gulls is shading of the eggs and prevention of overheating because exposure to radiant heat during the day can rapidly raise egg temperature to levels which kill the embryo.
NatureSuppression of fever at term of pregnancy
83 Citations1978Norman W. Kasting, W. L. Veale +1 more
It is reported here that the febrile response induced by a bacterial endotoxin or by endogenous pyrogen is suppressed in the ewe for a period extending from 2 to 5 d prepartum to several hours postpartum.
Ecological MonographsRelative Allocation of Energy to Growth and Development of Homeothermy in the Eastern Wood Rat (Neotoma floridana) and Hispid Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus)
81 Citations1980Polley Ann McClure, J. C. Randolph
In both species, the peak in metabolic rate and nutritional weaning coincide with development of homeothermy, (measured as ability to maintain adult-level) and the pattern of change in metabolic rates prior to weaning is different in the two species.
Physiological ZoologyIncubation in Desert-nesting Doves: Mechanisms for Egg Cooling
80 Citations1983Glenn E. Walsberg, Katherine A. Voss-Roberts
Mourning doves nesting in the Sonoran Desert maintain their eggs at viable temperatures in spite of higher environmental temperatures, and a similar reversal of the normal temperature gradients associated with incubation occurs in a second xerophilic dove.
Journal of Comparative and Physiological PsychologyOntogeny of thermoregulatory mechanisms in the rat.
74 Citations1975Susan J. Fowler, Carol K. Kellogg
The evidence suggests development of behavioral thermoregulatory mechanisms prior to abilities for internal regulation in rats, as a function of postnatal age.
The Journal of PhysiologyThe thermogenic effects of noradrenaline in new‐born and infant kittens and other small mammals. A possible hormonal mechanism in the control of heat production
72 Citations1963R. E. Moore, Mary C. Underwood
It was suggested by Moore & Underwood (1960 a, b, c) and Moore (1960) that this was the case, and these brief reports are now amplified and extended in the present paper.
Comparative Biochemistry and PhysiologyThe emergence of the homeothermic-metabolic response in the fowl (Gallus domesticus)
71 Citations1964B. M. Freeman
The chick embryo was found to be essentially a poikilotherm up to the moment of escaping from the shell membranes and a transient homeothermic response in both the 19-day-old embryo and the parafoetus was demonstrated when cooling was greater than 3°C.
Journal of MammalogyThermoregulatory Behavior of the Northern Elephant Seal, Mirounga angustirostris
69 Citations1971Fred N. White, Daniel K. Odell
Elephant seals seem physiologically adapted to sea temperatures, their repertoire of purely physiological thermoregulatory mechanisms being insufficient to meet the thermal loads often encountered on land.
Physiological ZoologyAn Analysis of the Heat Budgets of the Eggs and Nest of the White-Crowned Sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys, in Relation to Parental Attentiveness
67 Citations1983Diane Webb, James R. King
A general model of heat exchange by eggs in open-form ("cup") nests was developed and trip length was significantly correlated with equilibrium egg temperature, as was the time of the trip during the day.
The Journal of PhysiologyChanges in the oxygen consumption of new‐born guinea‐pigs and rabbits on exposure to cold
65 Citations1963G. S. Dawes, G Mestyãn
The experiments to be described were carried out to analyse the means by which new-born guinea-pigs and rabbits respond to cold, and to test the hypothesis that catecholamines are responsible.
Ornithological ApplicationsMetabolism and Thermoregulation in Hatchling Ring-Billed Gulls
65 Citations1976William R. Dawson, Albert F. Bennett +1 more
The metabolism and thermoregulatory capacities of hatchling gulls in the genus Larus are studied, a particularly useful group for considerations of physiological variation, for it is represented by more than 30 species over a latitudinal span extending from the arctic to the sub-antarctic.
NatureEnvironmental Temperature preferred by the Young Pig
65 Citations1963L. E. Mount
Complementary to measurements of metabolism and growth is the determination of the environmental temperature which is preferred by the animal, and observations have been made on young pigs for this purpose.
Developmental PsychobiologyThe interrelationship between thermal and olfactory stimulation in the development of home orientation in newborn kittens
64 Citations1978Natalie Freeman, Jay S. Rosenblatt
The presence of a thermal gradient in the home cage and its use in home orientation was studied in kittens from shortly after birth to 2 weeks and warmth and olfactory cues were most effective.
Australian Journal of Agricultural ResearchTemperature regulation in the new-born lamb. III. Effect of environmental temperature on metabolic rate body temperatures, and respiratory quotient
63 Citations1961Gerianne M. Alexander
Dry new-born lambs were able to maintain normal body temperature in ambient temperatures as low as -5°C, and the maximal thermal insulation of the tissues was about 1 Clo; that of the fleece plus air was only 1 to 2 Clo.
Canadian Journal of ZoologyMICROCLIMATE TEMPERATURE AND ITS ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE IN SIX GEOGRAPHIC RACES OF PEROMYSCUS
63 Citations1965J. S. Hayward
The results show that the microhabitat provides an environment of moderate, stable temperature where the seasonal extremes of heat and cold can be avoided, and support the previously reported findings that basal metabolic rate is nonadaptive to climate in Peromyscus.
Journal of Experimental ZoologyModalities of the action of temperature on sexual differentiation in field‐developing embryos of the European pond turtle <i>Emys orbicularis</i> (Emydidae)
63 Citations1982Claude Pieau
Analysis of sex ratios among turtle hatchlings and young from eggs incubated in the ground, as a function of soil temperature during the gonadal thermosensitive period, shows that the first half of this period is the most important for gonadal sexual differentiation.
European Journal of BiochemistryEffects of Lipolytic and Antilipolytic Drugs on Metabolism of Adenosine 3′: 5′‐Monophosphate in Brown Adipose Tissue of Cold Acclimated Rats
63 Citations1976R Bertin, René Portet
The intracellular level of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and its stimulation in vitro by norepinephrine were studied in brown and white adipocytes from rats adapted to constant or fluctuating cold.
Developmental PsychobiologyMother‐infant interaction and the modulation of pituitary‐adrenal activity in rat pups after early stimulation
60 Citations1983William P. Smotherman
In Experiment I, handling or electric shock of 2-day-old rat pups triggered pituitary-adrenocortical activity and handled or shocked pups that were returned to a mother-absent nest were subsequently found to be less responsive to ACTH injection than were pups returned toA mother-present next following treatment.
Developmental PsychobiologyMaternal pituitary‐adrenal responsiveness as a function of differential treatment of rat pups
59 Citations1977William P. Smotherman, Sandra G. Wiener +2 more
The effects of litter separation and pup treatment on the maternal pituitary-adrenal system were investigated and lend physiological support to behavioral studies which have shown that maternal behavior is differentially influenced by pup-produced stimuli.
Physiology & BehaviorThermoregulatory behavior in rat pups from birth to weaning
59 Citations1982Naomi Kleitman, Evelyn Satinoff
One-19 day old rat pups were placed individually in a thermal gradient at either 45 degrees, 30 degrees, or 20 degrees C and regulated their body temperatures by remaining in appropriate positions in the gradient.
Canadian Journal of ZoologyTHE EFFECT OF AGE ON TEMPERATURE SELECTION BY LABORATORY MICE (MUS MUSCULUS)
57 Citations1966D. M. Ogilvie, R. H. Stinson
It was shown that the temperature selection response is present at birth in laboratory mice, and the initially high level of selection appeared to be maintained for about 2 weeks, after which it began to decrease, rapidly at first, and then more slowly until the adult level was reached.
Biologia NeonatorumRelationship of Thermal Environment and Caloric Intake to Growth and Resting Metabolism in the Late Neonatal Period
56 Citations2009Larry Glass, William A. Silverman +1 more
American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative PhysiologyOntogeny of feeding controls in suckling and weanling rats
54 Citations1979Susan Henning, Sheng‐Kai Chang +1 more
The appearance of appetitive behavior during the 3rd postnatal wk was shown to have a temporal correlation with the beginning of weaning, as measured by the appearance of chow in the stomachs.
PubMedTemperature and metabolism of chick embryos and hatchlings after prolonged cooling.
54 Citations1987Hiroshi Tazawa, Hermann Rahn
In a few cases emergence from the shell was not necessary for increases in quasiequilibrium temperature and metabolic rate, but thereafter rapidly increases to 70-95% by day 1.
Journal of Dairy ScienceSpecies Difference in the Composition of Milk with Special Reference to the Northern Fur Seal
53 Citations1966U. S. Ashworth, G.D. Ramaiah +1 more
Fatty acid distribution by gas chromatography showed more long-chain fatty acids were unsaturated chains in the range of 20–22 carbons) than any other species studied: cow, water buffalo, goat, and sow.
Journal of Experimental BiologyEndothermy and Ectothermy in Mice at—3°C
53 Citations1956S. A. Barnett
Results in general show that both endothermic and ectothermic adjustments play a part in the maintenance of mice at - 3° C, and that better nests are built in the cold than in the warm.
ScienceTemperature Change: The Basic Variable in the Early Handling Phenomenon?
53 Citations1962Theodore Schaefer, Franklin S. Weingarten +1 more
Rats which had been handled or who had been subjected to lowered temperature without handling during the first week of life showed significant reduction of adrenal ascorbic acid when stressed, while appropriate controls did not.
British Journal Of NutritionThe effect of environmental temperature on the nitrogen metabolism and growth of the young pig
51 Citations1965M. F. Fuller
This experiment was designed to find out whether, during this period of the pig's life, when the influence of the physical environment is probably greatest, a low environmental temperature is associated with a decreased retention of N.
Journal of Comparative Physiology BThe role of muscle development in the transition to endothermy in nestling bank swallows,Riparia riparia
51 Citations1982Richard L. Marsh, Steven J. Wickler
The similar pattern of development of PMR and mATPase suggests a critical role for muscle development in the transition to endothermy in this species, which undoubtedly contributes to the improved thermoregulatory abilities of older nestlings.
Ornithological ApplicationsTemperature Regulation in Newly Hatched Laughing Gulls (Larus atricilla)
51 Citations1972William R. Dawson, Richard W. Hill +1 more
Animal BehaviourEffects of litter size, age of young, and parity on foster mother behaviour in Rattus norvegicus
49 Citations1973Lee J. Grota
Physiological ZoologyThe Ontogeny of Homeothermy in Neonatal Peromyscus leucopus
48 Citations1976Richard W. Hill
It is concluded that early-age young in their natural environment, living together as a litter in a nest, can remain homeothermic at low Ta for at least 2.5-3.0 h despite their inadequacies when tested as individuals and that the ability for individuals to remain homethermic atLow Ta develops rapidly at about the same age (14 days) as eye-opening permits young to wander safely from the nest.
The Journal of PhysiologyThe relationship between the concentration of blood sugar and some vital body functions in the new‐born pig
48 Citations1957R.F.W. Goodwin
It seemed possible that the mammalian new-born might be more dependent upon a high circulating glucose concentration than the adult, but that under natural conditions this homceostatic deficiency might not be exposed in species such as the calf because the blood glucose concentration is relatively stable.
CopeiaFurther Observations on Thermoregulation in the Brooding Female Python molurus bivittatus (Serpentes: Boidae)
48 Citations1978Lodewyk H.S. Van Mierop, Susan M. Barnard
Standard metabolic rate of the non-gravid animal increased with temperature, but not in a simple, exponential fashion.
American Journal of Physiology-Legacy ContentCore temperature in the female rat: effect of pinealectomy or altered lighting
47 Citations1976Fitzgerald Spencer, H. W. Shirer +1 more
Radiotelemetry of core temperature in unrestrained, mature female rats revealed the existence of a 24-h rhythm that was bimodal, and exposure of rats to continuous darkness, continuous light, or to a 20-hPhotoperiod revealed that the primary rhythm was endogenous, entrained by circadian photoperiods only, whereas the secondary rhythm was exogenous, requiring a circadian light/dark rhythm.
Journal of EndocrinologyEFFECTS OF OVARIAN STEROIDS AND PROLACTIN ON THE SEQUENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF NESTING BEHAVIOUR IN FEMALE BUDGERIGARS
45 Citations1975R.E. Hutchison
Results indicate that prolactin in combination with oestradiol was more effective than progesterone not only in inducing the later phases of nesting behaviour but also in initiating incubation behaviour and defeathering of the brood patch area.
BehaviourParental Care and the Development of Thermoregulation in Red Junglefowl
44 Citations1981David F. Sherry
The brooding behaviour of young red junglefowl and the changes in brooding that occur with the development of homeothermy were examined to determine the importance of thermal factors in parent-young contact.
British Poultry ScienceGaseous metabolism in the domestic chicken
43 Citations1962John Beattie, B. M. Freeman
Physiological ZoologyField and Laboratory Studies of the Thermal Relations of Hatchling Western Gulls
41 Citations1981William R. Dawson, Albert F. Bennett
Field and laboratory studies were undertaken on thermoregulatory capabilities during the first 24 h after hatching in chicks of the western gull, finding that protection is especially important during the latter period, owing to the relatively narrow interval between normal and upper lethal Tb for these young chicks.
Physiological ZoologyDevelopment of Insulation in Neonatal Cotton Rats (Sigmodon hispidus)
41 Citations1983Polley Ann McClure, Warren P. Porter
Fur depth is the only important property of fur determining heat loss in nestling rats, but in adults, all the properties of fur exert significant effects on heat loss.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A PhysiologyEffect of body weight, ambient temperature and huddling on oxygen consumption and body temperature of young mice
40 Citations1975Margaret W. Stanier
At ambient temperatures of 30 and 36°C oxygen consumption of newborn mice was linearly related to body weight, and mice of 3–5 g body weight observed in groups of two or four animals had a lower oxygen consumption than a litter-mate observed alone.
Journal of Biological ChemistryRespiratory Processes in Brown Adipose Tissue
39 Citations1968M S Kornacker, Eric G. Ball
It is concluded that, in the absence of glycerophosphate, addition of cofactors stimulates the oxidation of fatty acids present in the homogenate but not their esterification to triglyceride, which is interpreted to mean that oxidation of Glyceroph phosphate is proceeding through the action of a DPN-independent glycerphosphate dehydrogenase.
Physiology & BehaviorThermotaxis in neonatal rat pups
39 Citations1979Ingrid B. Johanson
It is demonstrated that neonatal rats are capable of thermotaxis, but that factors of age, deprivation and repeated handling determine pups' responsiveness to thermal gradients.
The Journal of PhysiologyModification of thermoregulatory responses in rabbits reared at elevated environmental temperatures.
36 Citations1980Keith Cooper, A. V. Ferguson +1 more
It is proposed that thermal afferent input during early life may play an important role in the development of the thermoregulatory system.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A PhysiologyMechanisms of heat conservation in the litters of mice (Mus musculus L.)
35 Citations1975David M. Bryant, C. J. Hails
In large litters of mice, close to independence, the oxygen consumption was not depressed to the same extent as in smaller and younger litters, possibly reflecting an attempt to eliminate hyperthermia.
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology and Cognate Medical SciencesA METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF THE UMBILICAL BLOOD FLOW IN UNSTRESSED SHEEP AND GOATS WITH SOME RESULTS OF ITS APPLICATION
34 Citations1968C. Crenshaw, Luis B. Curet +3 more
Experiments indicated such a degree of agreement that blood concentration can be substituted for tissue concentration as the numerator in the equation expressing the Fick principle.
EndocrinologyEvidence that Brown Adipose Tissue Is a Glucocorticoid Target Organ*
34 Citations1978David Feldman
The interscapular fat pad from adrenalectomized rats was used in steroid-binding experiments to ascertain whether BAT contained glucocorticoid receptors and showed a saturable number of binding sites.
Ornithological ApplicationsThe Development of Endothermy and Existence Energy Expenditure in Herring Gull Chicks
33 Citations1976Erica H. Dunn
The development of thermoregulation has been studied in a large number of altricial species, but only for a few semi-precocial species and no one has investigated energetic costs of therMoregulation in the wild.
The Journal of PhysiologyAdipose tissue and heat production in the new‐born ox (<i>Bos taurus</i>)
33 Citations1968D. McEwan Jenkinson, R. C. Noble +1 more
A histological examination of adipose tissue from 1‐ and 6‐day‐old calves showed a structure typical of white adiposity tissue and no evidence of brown adipose tissues.
PubMedComparative thyroid development in precocial Japanese quail and altricial ring doves.
33 Citations1987McNabb Fm
The patterns of thyroid development in precocial Japanese quail and altricial Ring doves are described and compared and the potential roles of peripheral deiodinases in hormone dynamics are discussed in relation to tissue and organ growth and maturation during the first phase and in connection to whole organism metabolism with continued growth during the second phase.
…