Statistical methods for censored survival data.
Environmental Health PerspectivesPublished 1 October 1979Open access
N. E. Breslow
Citations86
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score2.57
SNIP1.98
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Methods of statistical analysis of censored survival times are briefly reviewed and illustrated by application to clinical trials data, including estimation of the survival curce, nonparametric tests to compare several survival curves, tests for trend, and regression analysis.
Abstract
Methods of statistical analysis of censored survival times are briefly reviewed and illustrated by application to clinical trials data. These include estimation of the survival curce, nonparametric tests to compare several survival curves, tests for trend, and regression analysis. Extensions of the methodology are made for application to epidemiologic case-control studies. These are used to estimate relative risks for leukemia associated with radiation exposures. A final section provides some annotated references to the recent literature.
Keywords
MathematicsEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
Springer series in statisticsNonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations
45,533 Citations1992Edward L. Kaplan, Paul Meier
BiometrikaA generalized Wilcoxon test for comparing arbitrarily singly-censored samples
3,340 Citations1965E. A. Gehan
Some comparisons are made for five cases of varying degrees of censoring and tying between probabilities from the exact test and those from the proposed test and these suggest the test is appropriate under certain conditions when the sample size is five in each group.
British Journal of CancerDesign and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. I. Introduction and design
2,312 Citations1976Richard Peto, Malcolm C. Pike +8 more
This report is the first simple account yet published for non-statistical physicians of how to analyse efficiently data from clinical trials of survival duration, and it may be preferable to use these statistical methods to study time to local recurrence of tumour, or toStudy time to detectable metastatic spread, in addition to studying total survival.
BiometricsCovariance Analysis of Censored Survival Data
1,758 Citations1974N. E. Breslow
The use of regression models for making covariance adjustments in the comparsion of survival curves is illustrated by application to a clinical trial of maintenance therapy for childhood leukemia.
BiometrikaA generalized Kruskal-Wallis test for comparing K samples subject to unequal patterns of censorship
1,385 Citations1970Norman E. Breslow
BiometricsRegression Analysis of Grouped Survival Data with Application to Breast Cancer Data
1,345 Citations1978Ross L. Prentice, Lynn Ann Gloeckler
Application to breast cancer data, from the National Cancer Institute-sponsored End Results Group, indicates that previously noted race differences in breast cancer survival times are explained to a large extent by differences in disease extent and other demographic characteristics at diagnosis.
Journal of the American Statistical AssociationThe Efficiency of Cox's Likelihood Function for Censored Data
1,118 Citations1977Bradley Efron
The Annals of StatisticsA Large Sample Study of the Life Table and Product Limit Estimates Under Random Censorship
729 Citations1974N. E. Breslow, John Crowley
International Statistical ReviewAnalysis of Survival Data under the Proportional Hazards Model
588 Citations1975N. E. Breslow
A general methodology for the statistical analysis of survival or response time data such as accrue from the long-term follow-up of patients with chronic disease is reviewed.
BiometrikaMarginal likelihoods based on Cox's regression and life model
528 Citations1973John D. Kalbfleisch, Ross L. Prentice
BiometrikaRetrospective studies and failure time models
417 Citations1978Ross L. Prentice, N. E. Breslow
The proportional hazards model is adapted to the retrospective epidemiological study, in which cases and controls are sampled from a population in order to relate disease incidence rates to exposure to suspected risk factors.
American Journal of EpidemiologyESTIMATION OF MULTIPLE RELATIVE RISK FUNCTIONS IN MATCHED CASE-CONTROL STUDIES
415 Citations1978N. E. Breslow, Nicholas Day +3 more
A linear logistic model used to estimate multiple risk functions in both cohort and case-control studies is adapted for sampling plans wherein each case is matched with R controls and substantially liberalizes current practice.
CancerThe role of combined chemotherapy in the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma in children
232 Citations1974Ruth Heyn, Roxie Holland +4 more
The results of this study support the adjunctive use of combined chemotherapy with actinomycin D and vincristine sulfate for 1 year in preventing growth of metastatic or recurrent disease when children are made grossly tumor free by surgery and radiotherapy.
Computers and Biomedical ResearchTrend and homogeneity analyses of proportions and life table data
231 Citations1977Donald G. Thomas, Norman E. Breslow +1 more
A FORTRAN program for computing various statistical tests relating proportions to dose is described and two methods of testing for linear trend while adjusting for the time element are programmed.
BiometricsOn the Treatment of Grouped Observations in Life Studies
226 Citations1977W. A. Thompson
A logistic model, which makes explicit use of Cox's earlier binary data methods, is introduced and illustrated with a numerical example, and provides some enlightenment on controversial issues such as ignoring intervals in which no failures occur, determining whether the covariates may be functions of time, and treating ties.
BiometrikaA Monte Carlo study of the power of some two-sample tests
118 Citations1975Elisa T. Lee, M. M. Desu +1 more
CancerAdditive therapy in the maintenance of remission in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood: The effect of the initial leukocyte count
32 Citations1974Denis R. Miller, Marilyn Sonley +3 more
Results indicate that additive therapy is beneficial in those patients with the most favorable prognosis and that the prognostic effects of the initial WBC must be given careful consideration in future protocol design, patient randomization, and data analysis of controlled clinical trials.
Communication in Statistics- Theory and MethodsThe proportional hazards model: applications in epidemiology
31 Citations1978Norman E. Breslow
Cox's (1972) Proportioal hazards failure time model, already widely used in the analysis of clinical trials, also provides an elegant formalization of the epidemiologic concept of relative risk.
Biometrics396: Remarks on the Conservatism of Σ(0 - E) 2 /E in Survival Data
13 Citations1975John P. Crowley, N. E. Breslow
Journal of Radiation ResearchRadiation Effects on Cancer Mortality Among A-Bomb Survivors, 1950-72: Comparison of Some Statistical Models and Analysis Based on the Additive Logit Model
4 Citations1976Masanori Ôtake
In the 22 year period from 1950 to 1972, a high mortality risk due to radiation was observed in survivors with doses of 200 rad and over for all cancers except leukemia, cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, lung cancer,cancer of respira tory system and other cancers.