Multivariate and Propensity Score Matching Software with Automated Balance Optimization: The<b>Matching</b>Package for<i>R</i>
Journal of Statistical SoftwarePublished 1 January 2011Open access
Jasjeet S. Sekhon
Citations1,383
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score3.21
SNIP4.61
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
RMatching is an R package which provides functions for multivariate and propensity score matching and for finding optimal covariate balance based on a genetic search algorithm.
Abstract
Matching is an R package which provides functions for multivariate and propensity score matching and for finding optimal covariate balance based on a genetic search algorithm. A variety of univariate and multivariate metrics to determine if balance actually has been obtained are provided. The underlying matching algorithm is written in C++, makes extensive use of system BLAS and scales efficiently with dataset size. The genetic algorithm which finds optimal balance is parallelized and can make use of multiple CPUs or a cluster of computers. A large number of options are provided which control exactly how the matching is conducted and how balance is evaluated.
Keywords
Computer ScienceMathematics
BiometrikaThe central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects
30,963 Citations1983Paul R. Rosenbaum, Donald B. Rubin
Journal of Educational PsychologyEstimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies.
9,471 Citations1974Donald B. Rubin
Journal of the American Statistical AssociationStatistics and Causal Inference
5,110 Citations1986Paul W. Holland
The Review of Economics and StatisticsPropensity Score-Matching Methods for Nonexperimental Causal Studies
4,914 Citations2002Rajeev Dehejia, Sadek Wahba
The American StatisticianConstructing a Control Group Using Multivariate Matched Sampling Methods That Incorporate the Propensity Score
4,830 Citations1985Paul R. Rosenbaum, Donald B. Rubin
The use of multivariate matching methods are illustrated in an observational study of the effects of prenatal exposure to barbiturates on subsequent psychological development.
Journal of the American Statistical AssociationA Generalization of Sampling Without Replacement From a Finite Universe
3,000 Citations1952Daniel G. Horvitz, Donovan J. Thompson
EconometricaLarge Sample Properties of Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects
2,931 Citations2005Alberto Abadie, Guido W. Imbens
Annals of Internal MedicineEstimating Causal Effects from Large Data Sets Using Propensity Scores
2,879 Citations1997Donald B. Rubin
Propensity score methods generalize subclassification in the presence of many confounding covariates, such as age, region of the country, and sex, in a study of smoking and mortality.
The Annals of StatisticsBayesian Inference for Causal Effects: The Role of Randomization
2,540 Citations1978Donald B. Rubin
Journal of the American Statistical AssociationCausal Effects in Nonexperimental Studies: Reevaluating the Evaluation of Training Programs
2,365 Citations1999Rajeev Dehejia, Sadek Wahba
Health Services and Outcomes Research MethodologyUsing Propensity Scores to Help Design Observational Studies: Application to the Tobacco Litigation
2,096 Citations2001Donald B. Rubin
How to use the techniques of matching, subclassification and/or weighting to help design observational studies is the primary focus of this article, and a new diagnostic table is proposed to aid in this endeavor.
Journal of the American Statistical AssociationThe Bootstrap and Edgeworth Expansion.
1,937 Citations1993Rudolf Beran, Peter A. Hall
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology)Conditional Independence in Statistical Theory
1,546 Citations1979A. P. Dawid
Journal of Educational StatisticsAssignment to Treatment Group on the Basis of a Covariate
1,170 Citations1977Donald B. Rubin
The Review of Economics and StatisticsGenetic Matching for Estimating Causal Effects: A General Multivariate Matching Method for Achieving Balance in Observational Studies
1,115 Citations2012Alexis Diamond, Jasjeet S. Sekhon
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesMeasuring the effectiveness of protected area networks in reducing deforestation
1,015 Citations2008Kwaw S. Andam, Paul J. Ferraro +3 more
The results show that, with appropriate empirical methods, conservation scientists and policy makers can better understand the relationships between human and natural systems and can use this to guide their attempts to protect critical ecosystem services.
Cambridge University Press eBooksControlling Bias in Observational Studies: A Review
986 Citations2006William G. Cochran
Work on the effectiveness of different methods of matched sampling and statistical adjustment, alone and in combination, in reducing bias due to confounding x-variables when comparing two populations is reviewed.
Annual Review of SociologyTHE ESTIMATION OF CAUSAL EFFECTS FROM OBSERVATIONAL DATA
897 Citations1999Christopher Winship, Stephen L. Morgan
Journal of Political EconomyWater for Life: The Impact of the Privatization of Water Services on Child Mortality
882 Citations2005Sebastián Galiani, Paul Gertler +1 more
Cambridge University Press eBooksMatched Sampling for Causal Effects
682 Citations2006Donald B. Rubin
Journal of Computational and Graphical StatisticsOptimal Full Matching and Related Designs via Network Flows
672 Citations2006Ben B. Hansen, Stephanie O. Klopfer
Journal of the American Statistical AssociationBootstrap Tests for Distributional Treatment Effects in Instrumental Variable Models
661 Citations2002Alberto Abadie
Journal of the American Statistical AssociationOptimal Matching for Observational Studies
644 Citations1989Paul R. Rosenbaum
Journal of the American Statistical AssociationFull Matching in an Observational Study of Coaching for the SAT
602 Citations2004Ben B. Hansen
Annals of Mathematics and Artificial IntelligenceModeling genetic algorithms with Markov chains
446 Citations1992Allen E. Nix, Michael D. Vose
A simple genetic algorithm as a Markov chain is model, both complete and exact, which considers the asymptotics of the steady state distributions as population size increases.
Sociological Methods & ResearchMatching Estimators of Causal Effects
394 Citations2006Stephen L. Morgan, David J. Harding
Journal of EconometricsPractical propensity score matching: a reply to Smith and Todd
392 Citations2004Rajeev Dehejia
Sociological Methodology6. Matching with Multiple Controls to Estimate Treatment Effects in Observational Studies
365 Citations1997Herbert L. Smith
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology)A Characterization of Optimal Designs for Observational Studies
333 Citations1991Paul R. Rosenbaum
American Economic ReviewReconciling Conflicting Evidence on the Performance of Propensity-Score Matching Methods
331 Citations2001Jeffrey A. Smith, Petra Todd
Social Science & MedicineThe health impact of health care on families: a matched cohort study of hospice use by decedents and mortality outcomes in surviving, widowed spouses
317 Citations2003Nicholas A. Christakis, Theodore J. Iwashyna
Hospice care might attenuate the ordinarily increased mortality associated with becoming widowed, and this effect is present in both men and women, but it is statistically significant and possibly larger in bereaved wives.
Quarterly Journal of Political ScienceDo UN Interventions Cause Peace? Using Matching to Improve Causal Inference
317 Citations2008Michael Gilligan, Ernest Sergenti
Journal of the American Statistical AssociationPrincipal Stratification Approach to Broken Randomized Experiments
273 Citations2003John Barnard, Constantine Frangakis +2 more
Quarterly Journal of Political ScienceThe Effect of Electoral Competitiveness on Incumbent Behavior
269 Citations2007Sanford C. Gordon, Gregory A. Huber
American Journal of Political ScienceExploiting a Rare Communication Shift to Document the Persuasive Power of the News Media
239 Citations2009Jonathan M. Ladd, Gabriel Lenz
American Political Science ReviewDo Get-Out-the-Vote Calls Reduce Turnout? The Importance of Statistical Methods for Field Experiments
219 Citations2005Kosuke Imai
A more appropriate statistical method is employed and it is demonstrated that telephone canvassing increases turnout by five percentage points and that Gerber and Green's negative finding is caused by inadvertent deviations from their stated experimental protocol.
BiometricsMultivariate Matching Methods That are Equal Percent Bias Reducing, I: Some Examples
164 Citations1976Donald B. Rubin
The Annals of StatisticsAffinely Invariant Matching Methods with Ellipsoidal Distributions
126 Citations1992Donald B. Rubin, Neal Thomas
BiometricsMultivariate Matching Methods That are Equal Percent Bias Reducing, II: Maximums on Bias Reduction for Fixed Sample Sizes
125 Citations1976Donald B. Rubin
Journal of Computational and Graphical StatisticsSimple Parallel Statistical Computing in R
116 Citations2007Anthony Rossini, Luke Tierney +1 more
This work presents a framework for the R statistical computing language that provides a simple yet powerful programming interface to a computational cluster of CPUs that allows the rapid development of R functions that distribute independent computations across the nodes of the computational cluster.
American Political Science ReviewAssessing Partisan Bias in Federal Public Corruption Prosecutions
114 Citations2009Sanford C. Gordon
Journal of the American Statistical AssociationAttributing Effects to a Cluster-Randomized Get-Out-the-Vote Campaign
69 Citations2009Ben B. Hansen, Jake Bowers
This article addresses all of the complications of Gerber and Green’s study of voter turnout campaigns using methods in the tradition of Fisher and Neyman, and merges recent developments in randomization-based inference for comparative studies with somewhat older developments in design-based analysis of sample surveys.
The Annals of StatisticsAffinely invariant matching methods with discriminant mixtures of proportional ellipsoidally symmetric distributions
66 Citations2006Donald B. Rubin, Elizabeth A. Stuart
Electoral StudiesAssessing partisan bias in voting technology: The case of the 2004 New Hampshire recount
39 Citations2006Michael C. Herron, Jonathan Wand
The Varying Role of Voter Information Across Democratic Societies
33 Citations2007Jasjeet S. Sekhon, Robert Dürr +9 more
Sociological Methods & ResearchEstimating Causal Effects With Matching Methods in the Presence and Absence of Bias Cancellation
27 Citations2004Thomas A. DiPrete, Henriette Engelhardt
SSRN Electronic JournalA New Non-Parametric Matching Method for Bias Adjustment with Applications to Economic Evaluations
20 Citations2008Jasjeet S. Sekhon, Richard Grieve
A new non-parametric matching method, Genetic Matching, which is a generalization of propensity score and Mahalanobis distance matching is demonstrated, which radically improves balance on baseline covariates and overturns previous conclusions based on traditional methods.