Epidemiology, basic science, and the prevention of cancer: implications for the future.
PubMedPublished 15 October 1990
C. S. Muir
Citations40
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The current and possible future world cancer burden is examined, the sites of cancer for which a better understanding of etiology is urgently needed are identified, and the clamant need for greater collaboration between epidemiologists, clinicians, and basic scientists is discussed.
Abstract
This article examines the current and possible future world cancer burden, identifies the sites of cancer for which a better understanding of etiology is urgently needed, discusses the clamant need for greater collaboration between epidemiologists, clinicians, and basic scientists and sets these topics in the context of prevention, ending with a discussion on some of the problems currently facing epidemiology as a discipline
Keywords
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer InstituteStatistical Aspects of the Analysis of Data From Retrospective Studies of Disease
14,860 Citations1959Nathan Mantel, William Haenszel
International Journal of CancerEstimates of the worldwide frequency of sixteen major cancers in 1980
1,060 Citations1988D M Parkin, Esa Läärä +1 more
The numbers of new cancer cases in 16 common sites occurring in 1980 have been estimated and it is suggested that, with declining incidence rates for stomach cancer and the continuing rise for lung cancer, the latter would become the most common cancer in the world by the end of 1981.
PubMedAge at first birth and breast cancer risk.
887 Citations1970Brian MacMahon, Philip Cole +7 more
The reduced risk of breast cancer in womenHaving their first child at an early age explains the previously observed inverse relationship between total parity and breast cancer risk, since women having their first birth early tend to become ultimately of high parity.
PubMedEstimates of the worldwide frequency of twelve major cancers.
436 Citations1984D M Parkin, Jan Stjernswärd +1 more
By examination of incidence, mortality, and relative frequency data, an estimate has been made of the number of cancer cases in 12 common sites and of all cancers that occurred in 1975 and in the 24 areas of the world for which the UN publishes population data.
International Journal of CancerSome endocrine characteristics of early menarche, a risk factor for breast cancer, are preserved into adulthood
255 Citations1989Dan Apter, M Reinilä +1 more
The data indicate that women with early menarche are subject to a high degree of oestrogen stimulation at least until approximately 30 years of age, which may have important consequences for the design of intervention programs for breast cancer prevention.
JAMACigarette Smoking and Exposure to Passive Smoke Are Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer
187 Citations1989Martha L. Slattery
Personal cigarette smoking and exposure to passive smoke as risk factors for cervical cancer were examined in a population-based, case-control study conducted in Utah and found to increase the risk of cervical cancer.
PubMedEvaluation of methods for quantitation of aflatoxin-albumin adducts and their application to human exposure assessment.
163 Citations1990Christopher P. Wild, Yuan-Zhou Jiang +3 more
Three complementary approaches to the quantitation of AF-albumin adducts are described and a combination of the hydrolysis ELISA for large scale screening followed by confirmatory analyses in positive samples by high-performance liquid chromatographic fluorescence is suggested as an optimum methodology.
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer InstituteBody Fat Distribution and Breast Cancer in the Framingham Study
160 Citations1990Rachel Ballard‐Barbash, Arthur Schatzkin +7 more
The results of this study suggest that increased central to peripheral body fat distribution predicts breast cancer risk independently of the degree of adiposity and may be a more specific marker of a premalignant hormonal pattern than degree of fat.
PubMedSelective lack of intercellular communication between transformed and nontransformed cells as a common property of chemical and oncogene transformation of BALB/c 3T3 cells.
105 Citations1987Hiroshi Yamasaki, Monica Hollstein +3 more
Results indicate that selective lack of intercellular communication between transformed and surrounding normal cells may be an important phenomenon that separates transformed cells and nontransformed cells, permitting transformed cells to maintain autonomous growth.
International Journal of CancerHuman papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus and cervical cancer incidence in greenland and denmark. A population‐based cross‐sectional study
96 Citations1988Susanne K. Kjær, E.-M. de Villiers +9 more
The finding of a higher HPV infection rate in Denmark than in Greenland, opposed to cervical cancer rates, does not support a role for these viruses as determinants of cervical cancer incidence.
International Journal of EpidemiologyA Collection of 56 Topics with Contradictory Results in Case-Control Research
87 Citations1988Linda C. Mayes, Ralph I. Horwitz +1 more
A survey of the epidemiological and medical literature found 56 topics in which the results of a case-control study were in conflict with the results from other studies of the same relationship.
Environmental ResearchA conceptual framework for the validation and use of biologic markers
86 Citations1989Paul A. Schulte
A conceptual framework for the validation and use of biologic markers is delineated, expanding on the concept of a continuum of events between ambient exposure to a xenobiotic substance and resultant clinical disease.
CancerThe control of growth and differentiation in normal and leukemic blood cells
75 Citations1990Leo Sachs
These hematopoietic regulatory proteins are active in culture and in vivo and have been used clinically to correct defects in blood cell development and provide new approaches to therapy.
International Journal of EpidemiologyEpidemiology Today: ‘A Thought-Tormented World’
61 Citations1989Mervyn Susser
In this undertaking, I speak as a premodern epidemiologist who has bent effort to promoting one kind of modern epidemiology, and shall venture some value-laden hopes for epidemiology that is still to be.
International Journal of CancerAn epidemiological analysis of cancer vaccines
52 Citations1971John Higginson, Guy de‐Thé +2 more
It is shown that if human tumours are caused by viruses with short latent periods, it will be possible to test the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine without following up unrealistically large control and experimental groups.
PubMedChanging concepts in cancer prevention: limitations and implications for future research in environmental carcinogenesis.
50 Citations1988John Higginson
Current research indicates that the eliminatory approach will have little impact on the cancer burden and that the mechanistic approach, although difficult and slow, represents the most logical alternative.
International Journal of CancerAn estimate of the proportion of colo‐rectal and stomach cancers which might be prevented by certain changes in dietary habits
44 Citations1987Jürgen Wahrendorf
The results indicate that the proportion of these cancers which may be prevented assuming arbitrary shifts of a single risk factor towards the next lower risk category if populations were to change their dietary habits is in the order of magnitude of 15% to 20%.
American Journal of EpidemiologyCHALLENGES TO EPIDEMIOLOGY IN THE NEXT DECADE
42 Citations1988Leon Gordis
Environmental Pollution Series A Ecological and BiologicalDirectory of on-going research in cancer epidemiology
37 Citations1982Michel P. Coleman, J. Wahrendorf
PubMedEpidemiological studies of perinatal carcinogenesis.
27 Citations1989Susan Preston‐Martin
A hypothesis is proposed which suggests that prenatal and early childhood exposure to N-nitroso compounds (NOC) may be related to the development of primary tumours of the brain in children.
Cancer LettersMagnetic polyethyleneimine (PEI) microcapsules as retrievable traps for carcinogen electrophiles formed in the gastrointestinal tract
11 Citations1987Andrew C. Povey, Helmut Bartsch +1 more
The results indicate that this approach could be used to detect highly unstable and possibly genotoxic substances in situ, hitherto unknown, formed within the intestinal lumen.