The association of marijuana use with outcome of pregnancy.

American Journal of Public HealthPublished 1 October 1983Open access

Shai Linn, Stephen C. Schoenbaum, R R Monson, Rita Rosner, P C Stubblefield, Kenneth J. Ryan

DOI10.2105/ajph.73.10.1161

Citations170

TL;DR

Until more information is available, women should be advised not to use marijuana during pregnancy, and more data are needed to establish firmly or rule out an association between marijuana usage and major malformations.

Abstract

We analyzed interview and medical record data of 12,424 women to evaluate the relationship between marijuana usage and adverse outcomes of pregnancy. Low birthweight, short gestation, and major malformations occurred more often among offspring of marijuana users. When we used logistic regression to control for demographic characteristics, habits, and medical history data, these relationships were not statistically significant. The odds ratio for the occurrence of major malformations among marijuana users was 1.36, higher than odds ratios for other exogenous variables, and the 95 per cent confidence interval was 0.97-1.91. More data are needed to establish firmly or rule out an association between marijuana usage and major malformations. Until more information is available, women should be advised not to use marijuana during pregnancy.

Keywords

MedicineHealth Professions

PEDIATRICSEffects of Maternal Drinking and Marijuana Use on Fetal Growth and Development

273 Citations1982Ralph Hingson, Joel J. Alpert +6 more

New findings in this study include a negative association between maternal marijuana use during pregnancy and fetal growth, and women who used marijuana during pregnancy were five times more likely to deliver infants with features considered compatible with the fetal alcohol syndrome.

New England Journal of MedicineNo Association between Coffee Consumption and Adverse Outcomes of Pregnancy

226 Citations1982S. Linn, Stephen C. Schoenbaum +4 more

Drug and Alcohol DependenceMarihuana use by pregnant women: Neurobehavioral effects in neonates

132 Citations1980Peter A. Fried

A significant increase in symptoms associated with nervous system abnormalities was observed among babies born to heavy regular marihuana users and visuals responses were affected in two- to three-day-old infants in a dose-related fashion.

Vitamins and hormonesEffects of Cannabinoids on Reproduction and Development

99 Citations1979Eric D. Bloch, Benjamin Thysen +3 more

The acute administration of marihuana by smoking usually leads to a decrease in circulating testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels, which explains in part the drop in plasma testosterone levels following cannabinoid intake.

Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorChronic administration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol to pregnant rats: Studies of pup behavior and placental transfer

79 Citations1976Richard M. Vardaris, Donald J. Weisz +2 more

Tritiated delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol was administered orally to female rats throughout pregnancy at a dose level of 2 mg/kg/day and the pups showed both transient and relatively permanent behavioral effects.

Behavioral and Neural BiologyPrenatal exposure to cannabis: A critical review of effects on growth, development, and behavior

59 Citations1980Ernest L. Abel

The transmission of cannabis and its derivatives across the placenta, and the effects of these compounds on the developing fetus are reviewed, finding the species most responsive to the teratogenic effects ofThese drugs appears to be the mouse.

American journal of diseases of childrenBrain and Eye Abnormalities

34 Citations1972Bruce Bogdanoff

An infant with multiple eye and central nervous system deformities was born to a 19-year-old mother who smoked marihuana and took multiple drugs, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), throughout pregnancy, and died at 13 months of age.

Health sciences computing facility

34 Citations1990Wilfred J. Dixon, Patricia M. Britt