The challenges of 3D interaction
ACM SIGCHI BulletinPublished 1 October 1994Open access
Kenneth P. Herndon, Andries van Dam, Michael Gleicher
Citations124
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
3D computer graphics is becoming more and more popular due to the increased availability of 3D hardware and software on all classes of computers, but the field is still very immature and learning to implement or use 3D graphics software is still extremely laborious.
Abstract
3D computer graphics is becoming more and more popular due to the increased availability of 3D hardware and software on all classes of computers. However, despite this growing popularity and the existence of a number of successful 3D graphics applications, particularly in CAD, CAE, and medical and scientific visualization, the field is still very immature, There are no widely accepted standards for hardware or software platforms; learning to implement or use 3D graphics software is still extremely laborious; and the most effective ways for humans to interact with synthetic 3D environments are still not clear.
Keywords
Computer Science
The American Journal of PsychologyThe Psychology of Everyday Things
3,480 Citations1990Dominic W. Massaro, Donald A. Norman
The organization of learning
2,463 Citations1990C. R. Gallistel
Toolglass and magic lenses
1,149 Citations1993Eric A. Bier, Maureen Stone +3 more
ToolglassTM widgets are new user interface tools that can appear, as though on a transparent sheet of glass, between an application and a traditional cursor, and form a see-through interface that offers many advantages over traditional controls.
Adaptive display algorithm for interactive frame rates during visualization of complex virtual environments
600 Citations1993Thomas Funkhouser, Carlo H. Séquin
An adaptive display algorithm for interactive frame rates during visualization of very complex virtual environments to adjust image quality adaptively to maintain a uniform, user-specified target frame rate.
Journal of Experimental Psychology GeneralNonvisual navigation by blind and sighted: Assessment of path integration ability.
558 Citations1993Jack M. Loomis, Roberta L. Klatzky +3 more
ACM Transactions on GraphicsRooms: the use of multiple virtual workspaces to reduce space contention in a window-based graphical user interface
524 Citations1986D. Austin Henderson, Stuart Card
Rooms is a window manager that overcomes small screen size by exploiting the statistics of window access, dividing the user's workspace into a suite of virtual workspaces with transitions among them.
Passive real-world interface props for neurosurgical visualization
519 Citations1994Ken Hinckley, Randy Pausch +2 more
The science of virtual reality and virtual environments
470 Citations1993Roy Kalawsky
This book discusses the history of virtual environment systems, the realities of virtual reality, and the applications of virtual environments in medicine and perception.
An object-oriented 3D graphics toolkit
324 Citations1992Paul S. Strauss, Rikk Carey
The toolkit provides a general and extensible framework for representing 3D scenes so that applications can integrate their data with graphical objects rather than having duplicate copies.
Three-dimensional widgets
310 Citations1992Brookshire D. Conner, Scott S. Snibbe +4 more
This work presents a system which allows experimentation with 3D widgets, encapsulated 3D geometry and behavior, and hopes to allow user-interface designers to build highly interactive 3D environments more easily than is possible with today's tools.
Reality Engine graphics
302 Citations1993Kurt Akeley
The architecture of the RealityEngine graphics system is described, then some of the decisions made during its design are justified, resulting in a measured fill rate of over 240 million antialiased, texture mapped pixels per second.
PixelFlow: high-speed rendering using image composition
278 Citations1992Steven Molnar, John Eyles +1 more
PixelFlow is described, an architecture for high-speed image generation that overcomes the transformation-and frame-buffer– access bottlenecks of conventional hardware rendering architectures and performs antialiasing by supersampling.
Analogy considered harmful
261 Citations1982Frank G. Halasz, Thomas P. Moran
An analogy between the computer and some situation familiar to the user is drawn, so that the new user can draw upon his knowledge about the familiar situation in order to reason about the workings of the mysterious new computer system.
Pictorial communication in virtual and real environments
260 Citations1900Stephen R. Ellis, Arthur C Grunwald +2 more
This book discusses how to reinforce perception of depth in single two-dimensional pictures primary depth cues - spatial constraints of stereopsis in video displays, stereoscopic distance perception, paradoxical monocular stereopsis and perspective vergence, the eyes prefer real images.
Through-the-lens camera control
240 Citations1992Michael Gleicher, Andrew Witkin
Through-the-lens camera control, a body of techniques that permit a user to manipulate a virtual camera by controlling and constraining features in the image seen through its lens, is introduced.
The design space of input devices
234 Citations1990Stuart K. Card, Jock D. Mackinlay +1 more
A framework for describing and analyzing input devices is proposed, and a taxonomy of input devices that goes beyond earlier taxonomies of Buxton & Baecker and Foley, Wallace, & Chan is built.
Snap-dragging in three dimensions
150 Citations1990Eric A. Bier
This user interface has fewer commands and requires fewer keystrokes than the skitters and jacks technique reported earlier and is possible to provide the desired functionality so as to reduce both the size of the user interface and the time that it takes to use it.
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer GraphicsResearch directions in virtual environments
138 Citations1992Gary Bishop, Henry Fuchs
A two-day invitational workshop was held March 23-24, 1992 at UNC Chapel Hill to identify and recommend future research directions in the area of "virtual environments" (VE) *.
Whence Perceptual Meaning? A Cartography of Current Ideas
111 Citations1992Francisco J. Varela
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer GraphicsSIGGRAPH '90 Workshop report: software architectures and metaphors for non-WIMP user interfaces
96 Citations1991Mark Green, Robert Jacob
Workshop participants Peter Broadwell, Silicon Graphics Inc., Stuart Card, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Rui Casteleiro, Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Portugal, and Luis Serra, Institute of Systems Science, Singapore are among those sharing their experiences of using IBM T. J. Watson to solve the challenges of knowledge representation in the rapidly changing environment.
An object-oriented framework for the integration of interactive animation techniques
92 Citations1991Robert C. Zeleznik, D. Brookshire Conner +8 more
An interactive modeling and animation system that facilitates the integration of a variety of simulation and animation paradigms and is an extensible testbed that supports research in the interaction of disparate control methods embodied in controller objects.
Using deformations to explore 3D widget design
82 Citations1992Scott S. Snibbe, Kenneth P. Herndon +3 more
This video paper shows a set of new 3D widgets to control deformations called racks, developed to perform a particular task: applying high-level deformations to 3D objects.
Iterative design of an interface for easy 3-D direct manipulation
80 Citations1992Stephanie Houde
The iterative design and testing of a new mechanism for moving 3-D objects with a mouse-controlled cursor in a space planning application prototype is described, which would make 3- D interaction more intuitive by preserving users' experiences with moving objects in the real, physical world.
Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE<title>Effects of lag and frame rate on various tracking tasks</title>
28 Citations1993Steve Bryson
The impact of lag and low frame rate on two tasks will be compared and studied: Pursuit tracking and placing and simple conclusions will be drawn that can serve as guidelines for developers designing interactive virtual environments.
Graphics rendering architecture for a high performance desktop workstation
26 Citations1993Chandlee B. Harrell, Farhad Fouladi
This paper describes a graphics rendering architecture that takes advantage of several novel architectural features: a custom floating point processing core with tailored data stores and bussing structures, the arrangement of these cores into a SIMD processor for low overhead multiprocessing, and the hyperpipelining of the fixed point scan conversion units for high overhead, high bandwidth pixel generation into an interleaved frame buffer.
Design StudiesRescuing CAD from rationalism
22 Citations1993Richard Coyne, Adrian Snodgrass
The workings of metaphor are posited as the bases of an alternative understanding of design, where computation is just one of many metaphors the authors have at their disposal for understanding design, and is open for evaluation in terms of its usefulness for design.
Perception, Connectionism, and Cognitive Science
4 Citations1992Christine A. Skarda
Three issues are discussed: the correct characterization of the alternative to cognitivism; the resulting view of perception based on the alternative; and the implications of this alternative explanatory framework for cognitive science.