Risk factors for depressive disorders in the Lundby cohort — A 50 year prospective clinical follow-up
Journal of Affective DisordersPublished 10 August 2008Open access
Cecilia Mattisson, Mats Bogren, Vibeke Horstmann, Kristian Tambs, Povl Munk‐Jørgensen, Per Nettelbladt
Citations27
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The personality trait nervous/tense and anxiety disorders were statistically significant risk factors for depression for both genders and personality traits such as being easily hurt, abnormal/antisocial and tired/distracted were associated with depressive disorders.
Abstract
Knowledge of risk factors may help to reduce incidence of depression.
Keywords
PsychologyMedicine
Encyclopedia of Social WorkDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
109,983 Citations2013Janet B. W. Williams, Michael B. First
Archives of General PsychiatryA Psychobiological Model of Temperament and Character
5,487 Citations1993C. Robert Cloninger
A psychobiological model of the structure and development of personality that accounts for dimensions of both temperament and character is described, for the first time, for three dimensions of character that mature in adulthood and influence personal and social effectiveness by insight learning about self-concepts.
American Journal of PsychiatryCausal Relationship Between Stressful Life Events and the Onset of Major Depression
2,450 Citations1999Kenneth S. Kendler, Laura M. Karkowski +1 more
Stressed life events have a substantial causal relationship with the onset of episodes of major depression, however, about one-third of the association between stressful life events and onsets of depression is noncausal, since individuals predisposed to major depression select themselves into high-risk environments.
ScienceEvidence-Based Health Policy—Lessons from the Global Burden of Disease Study
2,192 Citations1996Christopher Murray, Alan D López
The study, which includes projections of the burden through the year 2020, uses the disability-adjusted life year as a composite measure of years of life lost due to premature mortality and years lived with disability.
American Journal of PsychiatryThe prevalence and distribution of major depression in a national community sample: the National Comorbidity Survey
1,480 Citations1994Dan G. Blazer, Ronald C. Kessler +2 more
A greater burden of major depression in community-dwelling persons than has been estimated from previous community samples is suggested and the risk factor profile showed significant differences between persons with pure and combined major depression.
- Statistical Models for Epidemiology
1,358 Citations2013
American Journal of PsychiatryThe Interrelationship of Neuroticism, Sex, and Stressful Life Events in the Prediction of Episodes of Major Depression
812 Citations2004Kenneth S. Kendler, Jonathan W. Kuhn +1 more
Archives of General PsychiatryPersonality and Major Depression
660 Citations2006Kenneth S. Kendler, Margaret Gatz +2 more
Results from both longitudinal and genetic analyses support the hypothesis that neuroticism strongly reflects the liability to MD, which arises largely because neuroticism indexes the genetic risk for depressive illness.
Clinical Psychology ReviewThe comorbidity of depression and substance use disorders
624 Citations2000Joël Swendsen
The lack of unidirectional and consistent patterns of association for depression and substance use disorders indicates that multiple mechanisms of comorbidity are likely to be simultaneously active in this population.
Archives of General PsychiatryPremorbid Personality Assessments of First Onset of Major Depression
427 Citations1989Robert M. A. Hirschfeld
Low emotional strength, increased interpersonal dependency, and increased thoughtfulness were associated with first onset of depression among older subjects, while age was a significant predictor of first onset, both alone and in interaction with personality measures.
Acta Psychiatrica ScandinavicaLife events and affective disorders
362 Citations2003Eugene S. Paykel
Research in life events and affective disorders and affectsive disorders is summarized to summarize research in life Events and Affective disorders.
Psychological MedicineThe sources of co-morbidity between major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in a Swedish national twin sample
328 Citations2006Kenneth S. Kendler, Charles O. Gardner +2 more
Although genetic risk factors indexed by the personality trait of N contribute substantially to risk for both MD and GAD, the majority of genetic covariance between the two disorders results from factors not shared with N.
Journal of Affective DisordersCan personality assessment predict future depression? A twelve-month follow-up of 631 subjects
317 Citations2006C. Robert Cloninger, Dragan M. Švrakić +1 more
Observable personality levels strongly predict mood changes and may allow prediction of mood changes over time in a longitudinal study.
PubMedVulnerability before, during, and after a major depressive episode: a 3-wave population-based study.
311 Citations2004Johan Ormel, Albertine J. Oldehinkel +1 more
There was no evidence of a negative change from premorbid to postmorbid assessment for any of the personality traits, and 2 independent simultaneous processes are suggested: the ongoing expression of vulnerability as a personality deviance; and synchrony of change between severity of depressive symptoms and personalityDeviance.
Biological PsychiatryPsychosocial risk factors for depressive disorders in late life
304 Citations2002Martha L. Bruce
This article draws heavily on longitudinal cohort studies of well-defined, population-based samples with diagnostic measures that assess the risk of incident or new-onset depressive episodes to summarizes research findings on psychosocial risk factors for late life depressive disorders.
Psychological MedicineAre we entering an age of melancholy? Depressive illnesses in a prospective epidemiological study over 25 years: the Lundby Study, Sweden
296 Citations1982Olle Hagnell, Jan Lanke +2 more
Comparisons were made of the incidence figures for depression during the periods 1947–57 and 1957–72, and during the five 5-year intervals within the period.
Acta Psychiatrica ScandinavicaPrevalence of major depression and stress indicators in the Danish general population
261 Citations2004L. Olsen, Erik Lykke Mortensen +1 more
To estimate the prevalence rate of major depression in the Danish general population by using the Major Depression Inventory (MDI), a validated self‐rating scale fulfilling the symptomatic criteria in DSM‐IV and ICD‐10 for a depressive episode.
Archives of General PsychiatryMajor Depressive Disorder in a Community-Based Twin Sample: Are There Different Genetic and Environmental Contributions for Men and Women?
249 Citations1999L. J. Bierut
Major depressive disorder as defined by DSM-III-R was more heritable in women as compared with men, and the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors in the development of depression were similar for varying definitions of depression.
Acta Psychiatrica ScandinavicaPredictors of first incidence of DSM‐III‐R psychiatric disorders in the general population: findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study
192 Citations2002Ron de Graaf, Rob Bijl +3 more
Predictors of first incidence of DSM‐III‐R psychiatric disorders in the general population: findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study.
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric EpidemiologySocial and physical health risk factors for first-onset major depressive disorder in a community sample
190 Citations1994Martha L. Bruce, Rani A. Hoff
The effects of poverly, and to a lesser degree homebound status, were substantially reduced when controlling for degree of isolation from friends and family, suggesting that social isolation mediates some of the relationships between social and physical statuses and major depression.
Journal of Affective DisordersTemperamental commonalities and differences in euthymic mood disorder patients, creative controls, and healthy controls
184 Citations2004Cecylia Nowakowska, Connie M. Strong +3 more
The prominent BP-CC overlap suggests underlying neurobiological commonalities between people with mood disorders and individuals involved in creative disciplines, consistent with the notion of a temperamental contribution to enhanced creativity in individuals with bipolar disorders.
Acta Psychiatrica ScandinavicaThe 12‐month prevalence and risk factors for major depressive episode in Finland: representative sample of 5993 adults
184 Citations2000Sari Lindeman, Jüha Hämäläinen +5 more
PubMedChildhood and adulthood psychological ill health as predictors of midlife affective and anxiety disorders: the 1958 British Birth Cohort.
176 Citations2007Charlotte Clark, Bryan Rodgers +3 more
Adulthood psychological health shows stronger associations with midlife disorders, indicating a poorer prognosis for adulthood than childhood psychological ill health, and men may be more susceptible than women to the effects of Psychological ill health in early adulthood on midlife disorder.
European PsychiatryDepressive episodes–evidence for a causal role of primary anxiety disorders?
171 Citations2003Hans‐Ulrich Wïttchen, Katja Beesdo‐Baum +2 more
Results suggest a dose–response-relationship in revealing that a higher number of anxiety disorders and more severe impairment associated with anxiety disorders additionally increase the risk for subsequent depression.
Acta Psychiatrica ScandinavicaRisk factors for the bipolar and depression spectra
129 Citations2003Jules Angst, Alex Gamma +1 more
To identify risk factors for mood disorders in a community sample studied from the ages of 20 to 35 years, a population-based survey was conducted.
American Journal of PsychiatryPatterns of personality disorder comorbidity in early-onset versus late- onset major depression
119 Citations1996
Archives of General PsychiatryMajor Depression in a Nonclinical Sample
117 Citations1992William Coryell
Age and sex were again powerful determinants of depression among subjects and the course of prospectively observed secondary depression was more severe than that for primary depression.
The British Journal of PsychiatryA Prospective Study of First-Incidence Depression
114 Citations1990Birgitta Rorsman, Anne Gräsbeck +5 more
The present study is based on the so-called 1957 Lundby cohort, a geographically defined normal Swedish population of 2612 individuals who were evaluated for mental disorders in 1957 and 1972, and found that up until 70 years of age, the cumulative probability of suffering a first episode of depression was 27% in men and 45% in women.
Acta Psychiatrica ScandinavicaPREDISPOSITION FOR MENTAL SYNDROMES: A STUDY COMPARING PREDISPOSITION FOR DEPRESSION, NEURASTHENIA AND ANXIETY STATE
87 Citations1975S Nyström, B Lindegård
A hypothesis of selective predisposition for depression, neurasthenic syndrome and anxiety states has been tested in a prospective study of 4,000 city inhabitants who had registered a private car.
American Journal of PsychiatryEmpirical Examination of Current Depression Categories in a Population-Based Study: Symptoms, Course, and Risk Factors
86 Citations2000Lan S. Chen, William W. Eaton +3 more
The evidence suggests that except for dysthymia, the depression categories are genetically homogeneous and environmentally heterogeneous and gender is associated with severe depression.
Psychological MedicineThe impact of generalized anxiety disorder and stressful life events on risk for major depressive episodes
85 Citations2006John M. Hettema, Jonathan W. Kuhn +2 more
The effects of prior GAD and SLEs jointly increase the risk of depression in both sexes, but disproportionately so in males, with a monotonic relationship between threat level and risk.
Journal of Affective DisordersRisk factors for depression in primary care Findings of the TADEP project
78 Citations1998Raimo K. R. Salokangas
In the primary care patients, negative life events, poor physical health,poor marital or other interpersonal relationships, spouse's poor health, poor socio-economic and work situation and problems with alcohol indicate high risk for depression; they also often accumulate in the same patients.
Psychological MedicineThe effects of anxiety, substance use and conduct disorders on risk of major depressive disorder
76 Citations2003John M. Hettema, Carol A. Prescott +1 more
Although the risk for onset of MDD is significantly higher in women than men, this was not explained by gender differences in prior disorder prevalence or increased sensitivity in women to the effects of prior disorders on risk for depression.
EpidemiologySuspected Risk Factors for Depression among Adults 18–44 Years Old
71 Citations1991James C. Anthony, Kenneth R. Petronis
With increasing age, women were at increasingly higher risk for the depressive syndrome, as compared with men; working for pay was associated with lower risk, and there was an important interaction of age and sex.
Journal of Affective DisordersPersonality traits and personality disorders in early onset versus late onset major depression
63 Citations2002Mia Ramklint, Lisa Ekselius
Early onset major depression is a predictor for personality pathology and deviant personality traits and a better understanding of the interplay between genetics and environment that underlies this phenomenon will help to improve the long-term course in afflicted individuals.
Psychological MedicineJuvenile- <i>versus</i> adult-onset depression: multiple differences imply different pathways
61 Citations2004Jonathan Hill, Andrew Pickles +3 more
The juvenile- versus adult-onset distinction appears to be important to heterogeneity in adult depression, implicating different individual and environmental factors during childhood, and different mechanisms in adult life.
European Addiction ResearchSubstance Use and Substance Use Disorders in a Community Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults: Incidence, Age Effects and Patterns of Use
54 Citations2006Axel Perkonigg, Hildegard Pfister +5 more
High incidence rates of substance use disorders and substance use have been observed in this young German sample and there seems to be a trend towards a secondary age at onset peak of nicotine dependence after the onset of illicit drug use disorders.
American Journal of Public HealthContinuing female predominance in depressive illness.
47 Citations1993Andrew C. Leon, Gerald L. Klerman +1 more
Women had nearly a twofold increase in risk of major depressive disorder, with rates peaking between adolescence and early adulthood, and the rate increase in recent decades has not corresponded to a reduction in the gender differences.
Acta Psychiatrica ScandinavicaDoes it make sense to do repeated surveys? – the Lundby Study, 1947–1997
47 Citations2005Per Nettelbladt, Mats Bogren +6 more
The Lundby Study and the difficulties in doing repeated surveys are described to show the need for more information on how to conduct large-scale surveys.
PubMedPrevalence of mental disorders, personality traits and mental complaints in the Lundby Study. A point prevalence study of the 1957 Lundby cohort of 2,612 inhabitants of a geographically defined area who were re-examined in 1972 regardless of domicile.
36 Citations1994Olle Hagnell, Leif Öjesjö +2 more
The most conspicuous finding was the increase over time of the prevalence of neurotic illnesses, represented the largest increase, in the male sex from Time 1 to Time 2, although the female preponderance still remained.
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric EpidemiologyThe estimated incidence of depressive disorder and its determinants in the Finnish ODIN sample
30 Citations2005Ville Lehtinen, Britta Sohlman +4 more
About 3% of the working-age population experience an episode of depressive disorder each year, and the estimated annual incidence rate for all depressive disorders, including both first-time and recurrent episodes, was 28.5 per 1,000.
Acta Psychiatrica ScandinavicaDEPRESSION: PREDISPOSING FACTORS
29 Citations1975S Nyström, B Lindegård
Factors predisposing to a depressive state had been investigated in a prospective study on a stratified population and accounted for in the preceding article.
NeuropsychobiologyPremorbid Personality Traits and Psychosomatic Background Factors in Depression: The Lundby Study 1957–1972
27 Citations2008Birgitta Rorsman, Anne Gräsbeck +3 more
Investigation of premorbid, mainly personality-related background factors for first incidences of depressive disorder, diagnosed according to the Lundby criteria for 'Depression proper' and 'depression plus other psychiatric symptoms'.
NeuropsychobiologyAnxiety in the Lundby Study: Re-Evaluation according to DSM-III-R, Incidence and Risk
23 Citations2008Anne Gräsbeck, Olle Hagnell +2 more
This study presents the incidence and risk of Anxiety Disorders according to DSM-III-R in the 1947 Lundby cohort, based on a re-evaluation of 124 first-ever episodes of 'Anxiety' according to the Lundby definition.
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric EpidemiologyPrevalence and risk factors for depression in a rural setting
18 Citations2002Erin E. Michalak, Clare Wilkinson +4 more
Levels of reported depression are relatively low in North Wales compared to those observed in a neighbouring urban area using comparable data collection methods and factors traditionally associated with increased risk from depression were predictive of scoring above cut-off on the BDI in a rural North Wales sample.
International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric ResearchGeneralized anxiety disorder – a risk factor for depression?
18 Citations2001Hans‐Ulrich Wïttchen, Jürgen Hoyer +1 more
NeuropsychobiologyIncidence of Anxiety in the Lundby Study: Changes over Time during a Quarter of a Century
4 Citations2008Birgitta Rorsman, Olle Hagnell +2 more
