European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015
ResuscitationPublished 1 October 2015Open access
Jasmeet Soar, Jerry P. Nolan, Bernd W. Böttiger, Gavin D. Perkins, Carsten Lott, Pierre Carli
Citations1,504
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK Anaesthesia andintensive care Medicine, Royal United Hospital, Bath, and School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol.
Abstract
Adult advanced life support (ALS) includes advanced interventions after basic life support has started and when appropriate an automated external defibrillator (AED) has been used. Adult basic life support (BLS) and use of AEDs is addressed in Section 2. The transition between basic and advanced life support should be seamless as BLS will continue during and overlap with ALS interventions. This section on ALS includes the prevention of cardiac arrest, specific aspects of prehospital ALS, starting in-hospital resuscitation, the ALS algorithm, manual defibrillation, airway management during CPR, drugs and their delivery during CPR, and the treatment of peri-arrest arrhythmias.
Keywords
MedicineEngineering
European Heart JournalGuidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: The Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
5,841 Citations2010A. John Camm, Paulus Kirchhof +68 more
Estimates of expected health outcomes for larger societies are included, where data exist, and the level of evidence and the strength of recommendation of particular treatment options are weighed and graded according to pre-defined scales.
British Journal of AnaesthesiaMajor complications of airway management in the UK: results of the Fourth National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Difficult Airway Society. Part 1: Anaesthesia
2,326 Citations2011Tim Cook, N.M. Woodall +1 more
The incidence of death and brain damage from airway management during general anaesthesia is low, and statistical analysis of the distribution of reports suggests as few as 25% of relevant incidents may have been reported, providing an indication of the lower limit for incidence of such complications.
JAMARegional Variation in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Incidence and Outcome
1,930 Citations2008Graham Nichol
In this study involving 10 geographic regions in North America, there were significant and important regional differences in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and outcome.
JAMAQuality of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation During Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
1,526 Citations2005Lars Wik
BMJConfidential inquiry into quality of care before admission to intensive care
1,468 Citations1998P. McQuillan, S. Pilkington +7 more
The management of airway, breathing, and circulation, and oxygen therapy and monitoring in severely ill patients before admission to intensive care units may frequently be suboptimal, with major consequences may include increased morbidity and mortality and requirement for intensive care.
ResuscitationEuropean Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015
1,262 Citations2015Gavin D. Perkins, Anthony J. Handley +19 more
This chapter contains guidance on the techniques used during the initial resuscitation of an adult cardiac arrest victim and the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED).
ResuscitationEuropean Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Guidelines for Post-resuscitation Care 2015
1,112 Citations2015Jerry P. Nolan, Jasmeet Soar +8 more
Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK Anaesthesiology and Int intensive care Medicine, Southmead Hospital, Bristol.
The LancetCardiopulmonary resuscitation with assisted extracorporeal life-support versus conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults with in-hospital cardiac arrest: an observational study and propensity analysis
1,111 Citations2008Yih‐Sharng Chen, Jou‐Wei Lin +13 more
CirculationCardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality: Improving Cardiac Resuscitation Outcomes Both Inside and Outside the Hospital
1,062 Citations2013Peter A. Meaney, Bentley J. Bobrow +11 more
This consensus statement addresses the following key areas of CPR quality for the trained rescuer: metrics of CPR performance; monitoring, feedback, and integration of the patient's response to CPR; team-level logistics to ensure performance of high-quality CPR; and continuous quality improvement on provider, team, and systems levels.
New England Journal of MedicineMortality among Patients Admitted to Hospitals on Weekends as Compared with Weekdays
1,053 Citations2001Chaim M. Bell, Donald A. Redelmeier
Weekend admissions were associated with significantly higher in-hospital mortality rates than were weekday admissions among patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms, and weekend admissions were not associated withificantly lower mortality rates for any of the 100 leading causes of death.
CirculationNatural History of Brugada Syndrome
1,029 Citations2002Silvia G. Priori, Carlo Napolitano +11 more
The information on the natural history of patients obtained in this study allowed elaboration of a risk-stratification scheme to quantify the risk for sudden cardiac death and to target the use of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.
JAMAAssociation Between Arterial Hyperoxia Following Resuscitation From Cardiac Arrest and In-Hospital Mortality
853 Citations2010J. Hope Kilgannon
JAMAEffect of Out-of-Hospital Pediatric Endotracheal Intubation on Survival and Neurological Outcome
845 Citations2000Marianne Gausche, Roger Lewis +9 more
The addition of out-of-hospital ETI to a paramedic scope of practice that already includes BVM did not improve survival or neurological outcome of pediatric patients treated in an urban EMS system.
PubMedOut-of-hospital cardiac arrest surveillance --- Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES), United States, October 1, 2005--December 31, 2010.
688 Citations2011Bryan McNally, Rachel Robb +9 more
This report summarizes surveillance data collected during October 1, 2005--December 31, 2010, and concludes that whites were significantly more likely to receive CPR than blacks, Hispanics, or members of other racial/ethnic populations and overall survival to hospital discharge of patients whose events were not witnessed by EMS personnel.
Intensive Care MedicineIn-hospital cardiac arrest: incidence, prognosis and possible measures to improve survival
664 Citations2006Claudio Sandroni, Jerry P. Nolan +2 more
Interventions likely to improve survival include: early recognition and stabilisation of patients at risk of IHCA to enable prevention, faster and better in-hospital resuscitation and early defibrillation.
ResuscitationA comparison of Antecedents to Cardiac Arrests, Deaths and EMergency Intensive care Admissions in Australia and New Zealand, and the United Kingdom—the ACADEMIA study
651 Citations2004Juliane Kause, Gary B. Smith +4 more
The data confirm antecedents are common before death, cardiac arrest, and unanticipated ICU admission, and the study shows differences in patterns of primary events, the provision of ICU/HDU beds and resuscitation teams, between the UK and ANZ.
Annals of Emergency MedicineMisplaced endotracheal tubes by paramedics in an urban emergency medical services system
649 Citations2001Steven Katz, Jay L. Falk
The incidence of out-of-hospital, unrecognized, misplaced endotracheal tubes in this community is excessively high and may be reflective of the incidence occurring in other communities.
The Medical Journal of AustraliaA prospective before‐and‐after trial of a medical emergency team
591 Citations2003Rinaldo Bellomo, Donna Goldsmith +7 more
ResuscitationExtracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation versus conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A prospective observational study
543 Citations2014Tetsuya Sakamoto, Naoto Morimura +7 more
In OHCA patients with VF/VT on the initial ECG, a treatment bundle including ECPR, therapeutic hypothermia and IABP was associated with improved neurological outcome at 1 and 6 months after OHCA.
The LancetConsequences of discharges from intensive care at night
508 Citations2000Caroline Goldfrad, Kathy Rowan
The implication of these results is that many hospitals have insufficient intensive-care beds and should consider the cost-utility of this particular service compared with other ways that additional resources could be used.
ResuscitationIncidence and outcome of in-hospital cardiac arrest in the United Kingdom National Cardiac Arrest Audit
497 Citations2014Jerry P. Nolan, Jasmeet Soar +7 more
These first results from the NCAA database describing the current incidence and outcome of adult in-hospital cardiac arrest in UK hospitals will serve as a benchmark from which to assess the future impact of changes in service delivery, organisation and treatment for in- hospital cardiac arrest.
ResuscitationAssociation between clinically abnormal observations and subsequent in-hospital mortality: a prospective study
490 Citations2004Michael Buist, Stephen Bernard +3 more
Six abnormal clinical observations are associated with a high risk of mortality for in- hospital patients and should be included as criteria for the early identification of patients at higher risk of unexpected in-hospital cardiac arrest.
Journal of the American College of CardiologyClinical profile and long-term follow-up of 37 families with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
462 Citations2000Andrea Nava, Barbara Bauce +9 more
Systematic evaluation of family members leads to early identification of ARVC, characterized by a broad clinical spectrum with a favorable outcome, in the setting of positive family history.
ResuscitationEffect of adrenaline on survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial
460 Citations2011Ian Jacobs, Judith Finn +3 more
Patients receiving adrenaline during cardiac arrest had no statistically significant improvement in the primary outcome of survival to hospital discharge although there was a significantly improved likelihood of achieving ROSC.
Critical Care MedicineExtracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with inhospital cardiac arrest: A comparison with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation*
417 Citations2010Tae Gun Shin, Jin‐Ho Choi +12 more
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation showed a survival benefit over conventional cardiopulent resuscitation in patients who received cardiopULmonary resuscitations for >10 mins after witnessed inhospital arrest, especially in cases with cardiac origins.
The LancetDuration of resuscitation efforts and survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest: an observational study
387 Citations2012Zachary D. Goldberger, Paul S. Chan +8 more
It is suggested that efforts to systematically increase the duration of resuscitation could improve survival in this high-risk population of patients with cardiac arrests.
ResuscitationChecking the carotid pulse check: diagnostic accuracy of first responders in patients with and without a pulse
383 Citations1996Balthasar Eberle, W. Dick +4 more
It is concluded that recognition of pulselessness by rescuers with basic CPR training is time-consuming and inaccurate; both intensive retraining of professional rescuers and reconsideration of guidelines about carotid pulse assessment are warranted.
JAMAManual Chest Compression vs Use of an Automated Chest Compression Device During Resuscitation Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
382 Citations2006Al Hallstrom, Thomas D. Rea +12 more
Use of an automated LDB-CPR device as implemented in this study was associated with worse neurological outcomes and a trend toward worse survival than manual CPR.
JAMAPrehospital Epinephrine Use and Survival Among Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
362 Citations2012Akihito Hagihara, Manabu Hasegawa +4 more
Among patients with OHCA in Japan, use of prehospital epinephrine was significantly associated with increased chance of return of spontaneous circulation before hospital arrival but decreased chance of survival and good functional outcomes 1 month after the event.
The Medical Journal of AustraliaRates of in‐hospital arrests, deaths and intensive care admissions: the effect of a medical emergency team
354 Citations2000Peter Bristow, Ken M HIiiman +6 more
To evaluate the effectiveness of a medical emergency team (MET) in reducing the rates of selected adverse events, a large number of patients are referred to the hospital’s emergency department.
CirculationContinuous Improvements in “Chain of Survival” Increased Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests
350 Citations2009Taku Iwami, Graham Nichol +10 more
Data from a large, population-based cohort demonstrate a continuous increase in OHCA survival with improvement in the chain of survival, and the incremental benefit of early advanced care onOHCA survival is suggested.
Archives of Internal MedicinePulmonary Embolism as Cause of Cardiac Arrest
340 Citations2000Istepan Kürkciyan, Giora Meron +7 more
Thrombolysis should be attempted to achieve return of spontaneous circulation and probably better outcome of patients with cardiac arrest after PE admitted to the emergency department of an urban tertiary care hospital.
CirculationPart 3: Adult Basic Life Support and Automated External Defibrillation
340 Citations2015Andrew H. Travers, Gavin D. Perkins +41 more
This review comprises the most extensive literature search and evidence evaluation to date on the most important international BLS interventions, diagnostics, and prognostic factors for cardiac arrest victims and highlights the importance of EMS systems which employ bundles of care focusing on providing high-quality chest compressions while extricating the patient from the scene to the next level of care.
The LancetEfficacy and safety of thrombolytic therapy after initially unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a prospective clinical trial
335 Citations2001Bernd W. Böttiger, Christoph Bode +7 more
After initially unsuccessful out-of-hospital CPR, thrombolytic therapy combined with heparin is safe and might improve patient outcome and on the basis of the data a randomised controlled trial might be regarded as ethical.
Intensive Care MedicineComparison of three different methods to confirm tracheal tube placement in emergency intubation
325 Citations2002Štefek Grmec
Capnometry is the most reliable method to confirm endotracheal tube placement in emergency conditions in the prehospital setting, and auscultation, capnometry and capnography were compared in this study.
Journal of Internal MedicineRapid Emergency Medicine score: a new prognostic tool for in‐hospital mortality in nonsurgical emergency department patients
321 Citations2004Thomas Olsson, Andreas Terént +1 more
Evaluated the predictive accuracy of the scoring system Rapid Acute Physiology score (RAPS) in nonsurgical patients attending the emergency department regarding in‐hospital mortality and length of stay in hospital (LOS) and whether the predictive ability of RAPS could be improved by extending the system.
Critical CareArterial hyperoxia and in-hospital mortality after resuscitation from cardiac arrest
310 Citations2011Rinaldo Bellomo, Michael Bailey +8 more
Among patients admitted to the ICU after cardiac arrest, hyperoxia did not have a robust or consistently reproducible association with mortality, and caution is urged in implementing policies of deliberate decreases in FiO2 in these patients.
Academic Emergency MedicineOutcome in Cardiac Arrest Patients Found to Have Cardiac Standstill on the Bedside Emergency Department Echocardiogram
303 Citations2001Michael Blaivas, J. Christian Fox
Patients presenting with cardiac standstill on bedside echocardiogram do not survive to leave the ED regardless of their electrical rhythms, a finding that may be an additional marker for cessation of resuscitative efforts.
Annals of Emergency MedicineInterruptions in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation From Paramedic Endotracheal Intubation
303 Citations2009Henry E. Wang, Scott Simeone +2 more
Paramedics in the United States perform endotracheal intubation on nearly all victims of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest and these efforts were associated with multiple and prolonged CPR interruptions, according to the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium.
Journal of Applied PhysiologyUpper airway obstruction in the unconscious patient
302 Citations1959Peter Šafář, L. A. ESCARRAGA +1 more
New England Journal of MedicineValidation of a Rule for Termination of Resuscitation in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
301 Citations2006Laurie J. Morrison, Laura Visentin +6 more
The use of a clinical prediction rule for the termination of resuscitation may help clinicians decide whether to terminate basic life support resuscitative efforts in patients having an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
Critical CareExtracorporeal life support following out-of-hospital refractory cardiac arrest
285 Citations2011Morgan Le Guen, Armelle Nicolas-Robin +5 more
This poor outcome suggests that the use of ECLS should be more restricted following out-of-hospital refractory cardiac arrest, and not with arterial pH or blood potassium level.
BMJEffect of the critical care outreach team on patient survival to discharge from hospital and readmission to critical care: non-randomised population based study
270 Citations2003Carol Ball, Margaret Kirkby +1 more
The activity of the critical care outreach team seems to improve patient survival to discharge from hospital and may reduce the number of readmissions to critical care.
Critical Care MedicineThe relationship between early emergency team calls and serious adverse events*
266 Citations2008Jack Chen, Rinaldo Bellomo +3 more
As the proportion of early emergency team calls increases, the rate of cardiac arrests and unexpected deaths decreases, providing support for the notion that early review of acutely ill ward patients by an emergency team is desirable.
New England Journal of MedicinePrediction of Awakening after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
262 Citations1983W. T. Longstreth, Paula Diehr +1 more
To develop a model that would forecast neurologic recovery after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, charts on 389 consecutive patients who were not awake on admission to the hospital after resuscitation from asystole or ventricular fibrillation were reviewed.
Critical CareLong term effect of a medical emergency team on cardiac arrests in a teaching hospital
249 Citations2005Daryl Jones, Rinaldo Bellomo +6 more
Introduction of a MET system into a teaching hospital was associated with a sustained and progressive reduction in cardiac arrests over a four year period and it is suggested that, for every 17 MET calls, one cardiac arrest might be prevented.
ResuscitationPart 4: Advanced life support
248 Citations2015Jasmeet Soar, Clifton W. Callaway +56 more
The topics reviewed by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) Advanced Life Support Task Force are grouped as follows: causes and prevention, airway and ventilation, drugs and fluids given during cardiac arrest, drugs and fluids given during cardiac arrest, techniques and devices to monitor and assist the circulation, and prognostication.
JAMAUse of an Automated, Load-Distributing Band Chest Compression Device for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation
242 Citations2006Marcus Eng Hock Ong, Joseph P. Ornato +10 more
Compared with resuscitation using manual CPR, a resuscitation strategy using LDB-CPR on EMS ambulances is associated with improved survival to hospital discharge in adults with out-of-hospital nontraumatic cardiac arrest.
ResuscitationThe formula for survival in resuscitation
240 Citations2013Eldar Søreide, Laurie J. Morrison +9 more
The local implementation multiplicand (exemplified by therapeutic hypothermia) is likely to have the most immediate improvement in observed survival outcome in most systems of care, and will be useful as a mental framework when trying to improve resuscitation outcome in communities worldwide.
The LancetAnterior-posterior versus anterior-lateral electrode positions for external cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: a randomised trial
235 Citations2002Paulus Kirchhof, Lars Eckardt +8 more
An anterior-posterior electrode position is more effective than the anterior-lateral position for external cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation and should be considered in clinical practice, for the design of defibrillation electrode pads, and when guidelines for cardioversions are updated.
ResuscitationQuality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation before and during transport in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
228 Citations2007Theresa M. Olasveengen, Lars Wik +1 more
The fraction of time without chest compressions increased during transport of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients, and every effort should be made to stabilise patients on-scene before transport to hospital, but all transport with ongoing CPR is not futile.
HeartLong term outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with physician staffed emergency medical services: the Utstein style applied to a midsized urban/suburban area
223 Citations1999Bernd W. Böttiger, C Grabner +5 more
A two tier BLS and physician staffed ALS system is associated with good long term outcome of patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of cardiac aetiology in a midsized urban/suburban area.
New England Journal of MedicineA Trial of an Impedance Threshold Device in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
221 Citations2011Tom P. Aufderheide, Graham Nichol +25 more
Use of the ITD did not significantly improve survival with satisfactory function among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest receiving standard CPR, and there were no significant differences in the secondary outcomes.
Journal of Emergency MedicineCapnography alone is imperfect for endotracheal tube placement confirmation during emergency intubation
218 Citations2001James Li
During tracheal intubation of critically ill patients, it is concluded that the rate of accidental esophageal tube placement warrants continued improvement in emergency airway techniques.
Annals of Emergency MedicineFive-year experience in prehospital intraosseous infusions in children and adults
217 Citations1993Peter W. Glaeser, Thomas Hellmich +3 more
EMT-P units can successfully perform the intraosseous infusion line procedure in patients of all ages and proficiency is maintained over time despite its infrequent use by individual EMT-Ps.
Annals of Emergency MedicineCervical spine movement during orotracheal intubation
211 Citations1986Thomas G Majernick, Russell Bieniek +2 more
Although none of the methods tested totally prevented cervical spine movement during orotracheal intubation, the least movement was obtained by the use of in-line stabilization by an assistant.
CirculationHow Sudden Is Sudden Cardiac Death?
210 Citations2006Dirk Müller, Rahul Agrawal +1 more
The present results raise the question of whether educational measures and targeted educational programs tailored for patients at risk and their relatives should have a higher priority and the much-hailed use of public access defibrillation is supported by several studies.
ResuscitationImproved outcome of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest – A comparison with that for extracorporeal rescue for in-hospital cardiac arrest
205 Citations2014Chih‐Hsien Wang, Nai‐Kuan Chou +12 more
In addition to having a beneficial effect in IHCA, ECPR can lead to survival and a positive neurological outcome in selected OHCA patients after prolonged resuscitation.
AnesthesiologyINFLUENCE OF THE HEAD-JAW POSITION UPON UPPER AIRWAY PATENCY
204 Citations1961S. Morikawa, Peter Šafář +1 more
ResuscitationHospital-wide physiological surveillance–A new approach to the early identification and management of the sick patient
202 Citations2006Gary B. Smith, David Prytherch +5 more
A system for collecting routine vital signs data at the bedside using standard personal digital assistants (PDA) and analysis of the raw physiological data and patient outcomes will make it possible to validate existing and future "track and trigger" systems.
AnaesthesiaAirway obstruction with cricoid pressure
200 Citations2000Emma Hartsilver, R. G. Vanner
If cricoid pressure is applied with a force of 30 N, airway obstruction occurs less frequently, unless the force is applied in an upward and backward direction, as well as whether the force applied is related to the technique of application.
Clinical Pharmacology & TherapeuticsEffects of atropine on the electrocardiogram in different age groups
196 Citations1971Paul J. Dauchot, J. S. Gravenstein
In 79 patients who had no cardiovascular disease and were scheduled for elective operations, 1 mg.
BMJSix year audit of cardiac arrests and medical emergency team calls in an Australian outer metropolitan teaching hospital
195 Citations2007Michael Buist, Julia Harrison +2 more
In this hospital an important problem was failure to call the medical emergency team or cardiac arrest team when, before in-hospital cardiac arrest, patients had fulfilled the criteria for calling the team.
Annals of Emergency MedicineIntraosseous Versus Intravenous Vascular Access During Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Controlled Trial
194 Citations2011Rosalyn Reades, Jonathan R. Studnek +2 more
Tibial intraosseous access was found to have the highest first-attempt success for vascular access and the most rapid time to vascular access during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest compared with peripheral intravenous and humeral intraosSEous access.
Anesthesia & AnalgesiaThe Usefulness of Transesophageal Echocardiography During Intraoperative Cardiac Arrest in Noncardiac Surgery
192 Citations2006Stavros G. Memtsoudis, Peter Rosenberger +5 more
TEE may provide additional diagnostic information in patients with intraoperative cardiac arrest and may directly guide specific, potentially life-saving therapy in patients undergoing noncardiac surgical procedures.
ResuscitationThe effect of hyperoxia following cardiac arrest – A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal trials
190 Citations2012Janine Pilcher, Mark Weatherall +4 more
The administration of 100% oxygen therapy is associated with worse neurological outcome than lower oxygen concentrations in animal models of cardiac arrest, however, due to limitations in study design and poor generalisability of the animal models to the situation of post cardiac arrest resuscitation in humans, the clinical applicability of this data is uncertain.
ResuscitationA prospective, randomised and blinded comparison of first shock success of monophasic and biphasic waveforms in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
190 Citations2003Anouk P. van Alem, Fred W. Chapman +3 more
BTE-waveform AEDs provide significantly higher rates of successful defibrillation with return of an organized rhythm in OHCA than MDS waveform A EDs.
Critical CareNurses’ worry or concern and early recognition of deteriorating patients on general wards in acute care hospitals: a systematic review
190 Citations2015Gooske Douw, Lisette Schoonhoven +5 more
The signs and symptoms found in the databases reflect the nature of nurses’ worry or concern, and nurses may incorporate these signs in their assessment of the patient and their decision to call for assistance.
ResuscitationQuantitative relationship between end-tidal carbon dioxide and CPR quality during both in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
190 Citations2015Kelsey Sheak, Douglas J. Wiebe +9 more
ETCO2 values generated during CPR were statistically associated with CC depth and ventilation rate, and were higher in patients with return of spontaneous circulation than in patients who did not have a pulse restored.
Acta Anaesthesiologica ScandinavicaDeveloping the skill of endotracheal intubation: implication for emergency medicine
188 Citations2011Michael Bernhard, Stefan Mohr +3 more
The time needed by first‐year anaesthesiology residents to perform 200 ETIs was evaluated and the associated success rates and number of attempts until successful ETI were assessed.
CirculationInspiratory Impedance During Active Compression-Decompression Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
183 Citations2000Patrick Plaisance, Keith G. Lurie +1 more
Use of an inspiratory resistance valve in patients in cardiac arrest receiving ACD CPR increases the efficiency of CPR, leading to diastolic arterial pressures of >50 mm Hg.
Intensive Care MedicineThrombolysis using plasminogen activator and heparin reduces cerebral no-reflow after resuscitation from cardiac arrest: An experimental study in the cat
182 Citations1996Matthias Fischer, Bernd W. Böttiger +2 more
The present data demonstrate that thrombolytic therapy improves microcirculatory reperfusions of the cat brain when administered during reperfusion after cardiac arrest.
JAMAEvaluation of Active Compression-Decompression CPR in Victims of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
179 Citations1994Keith G. Lurie
It is demonstrated that ACD CPR appears to be more effective than standard CPR in a well-defined subset of victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the critical early phases of resuscitation.
ResuscitationEuropean Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 3. Electrical therapies: Automated external defibrillators, defibrillation, cardioversion and pacing
178 Citations2010Charles D. Deakin, Jerry P. Nolan +2 more
There is recognition in these guidelines that the risk of harm to a rescuer from a defibrillator is very small, particularly if the rescuer is wearing gloves, and the focus is now on a rapid safety check to minimise the pre-shock pause.
Academic Emergency MedicineCan Cardiac Sonography and Capnography Be Used Independently and in Combination to Predict Resuscitation Outcomes?
177 Citations2001P. N Salen, Robert O’Connor +7 more
Both the sonographic detection of cardiac activity and ETCO(2) levels higher than 16 torr were significantly associated with survival from ED resuscitation; however, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that prediction of survival using capnography was not enhanced by the addition of cardiac sonography.
British Journal of AnaesthesiaWorthing physiological scoring system: derivation and validation of a physiological early-warning system for medical admissions. An observational, population-based single-centre study † ‡
174 Citations2007Roger Duckitt, R. Buxton-Thomas +5 more
The Worthing PSS was developed from the regression coefficients associated with each variable and showed good discrimination with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.74, excluding age as a variable.
HeartExternal cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: role of paddle position on technical efficacy and energy requirements
174 Citations1999Giovanni Luca Botto, Alessandro Politi +3 more
An anteroposterior defibrillator paddle position is superior to an anterolateral location with regard to technical success in external cardioversion of stable atrial fibrillation, and permits lower dc shock energy requirements.
Intensive Care MedicineReducing in-hospital cardiac arrests and hospital mortality by introducing a medical emergency team
169 Citations2009David B. Konrad, Gabriella Jäderling +4 more
Implementing the MET team was associated with significant improvement in both cardiac arrest rate and overall adjusted hospital mortality, and significant reductions in hospital mortality for un-operated surgical patients as well as for medical patients.
ResuscitationSafety and feasibility of prehospital extra corporeal life support implementation by non-surgeons for out-of-hospital refractory cardiac arrest
167 Citations2013Lionel Lamhaut, Romain Jouffroy +9 more
This pilot study suggests that PH-ECLS performed by non-surgeons is safe and feasible and further studies are needed to confirm the time saved by this strategy and its potential effect on survival.
Critical Care MedicineCan physiological variables and early warning scoring systems allow early recognition of the deteriorating surgical patient?*
166 Citations2007Brian H. Cuthbertson, M Boroujerdi +3 more
The ability of physiologic variables, either alone or in existing early scoring systems, to predict major deterioration in a patient’s condition and attempt to derive functions with superior accuracy is tested.
ResuscitationEndotracheal intubation versus supraglottic airway placement in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A meta-analysis
165 Citations2015Justin L. Benoit, Ryan Gerecht +2 more
Patients with OHCA who receive ETI by EMS are more likely to obtain ROSC, survive to hospital admission, and survive neurologically intact when compared to SGA.
CirculationEvaluation of standard and active compression-decompression CPR in an acute human model of ventricular fibrillation.
163 Citations1994Jeffrey Shultz, Paul Coffeen +8 more
Patients undergoing multiple inductions of VF during cardioverter/defibrillator implantation with transvenous leads provide a well-controlled and reproducible model to study the mechanisms of CPR.
ResuscitationImproved hemodynamic performance with a novel chest compression device during treatment of in-hospital cardiac arrest
162 Citations2004Sérgio Timerman, Luís Francisco Cardoso +2 more
CHEST JournalAnalysis of the Ventricular Fibrillation ECG Signal Amplitude and Frequency Parameters as Predictors of Countershock Success in Humans
161 Citations1997Hans-Ulrich Strohmenger, Karl H. Lindner +1 more
It is concluded that in patients, median frequency, dominant frequency, and amplitude are predictive of countershock success in humans.
British Journal of AnaesthesiaINFLATION PRESSURE, GASTRIC INSUFFLATION AND RAPID SEQUENCE INDUCTION
161 Citations1987E. G. Lawes, Ian Campbell +1 more
Cochrane Database of Systematic ReviewsEmergency intubation for acutely ill and injured patients
160 Citations2008Fiona Lecky, Daniele Bryden +3 more
To determine in acutely ill and injured patients who have real or anticipated problems in maintaining an adequate airway whether emergency endotracheal intubation, as opposed to other airway management techniques, improves the outcome in terms of survival, degree of disability at discharge or length of stay and complications occurring in hospital.
ResuscitationAdrenaline for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
159 Citations2014Steve Lin, Clifton W. Callaway +5 more
There was no benefit of adrenaline in survival to discharge or neurological outcomes, and there were improved rates of survival to admission and ROSC with SDA over placebo and HDA over SDA.
Emergency Medicine AustralasiaCPR before defibrillation in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest: A randomized trial
158 Citations2005Ian Jacobs, Judith Finn +2 more
If 90’seconds of CPR before defibrillation improved survival was determined, it was found that a period of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is given prior todefibrillation.
HeartIncidence of sudden cardiac death in athletes: a state-of-the-art review
154 Citations2014Kimberly G. Harmon, Jonathan A. Drezner +2 more
The incidence of SCD in athletes is likely higher than traditional estimates which may impact the development of more effective prevention strategies, and men, African-American/black athletes and basketball players appear to be at higher risk.
Annals of Emergency MedicinePassive Oxygen Insufflation Is Superior to Bag-Valve-Mask Ventilation for Witnessed Ventricular Fibrillation Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
151 Citations2009Bentley J. Bobrow, Gordon A. Ewy +7 more
Among adult, witnessed, ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitated with minimally interrupted cardiac resuscitation, adjusted neurologically intact survival to hospital discharge was higher for individuals receiving initial passive ventilation than those receiving initial bag-valve-mask ventilation.
ResuscitationDoes compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation generate adequate passive ventilation during cardiac arrest?
151 Citations2007Charles D. Deakin, John F. O’Neill +1 more
At an advanced stage of cardiac arrest, passive ventilation during compression-only CPR is limited in its ability to maintain adequate gas exchange, with gas transport mechanisms associated with high frequency ventilation perhaps generating a very limited gas exchange.
ResuscitationLong-term effect of introducing an early warning score on respiratory rate charting on general wards
149 Citations2005Jackie McBride, Debbie Knight +2 more
The study confirms the long-term beneficial effect of introducing the MEWS system on respiratory rate recording into the general wards of the hospital and its impact on the nature and timeliness of the response to critical illness.
ResuscitationSigns of critical conditions and emergency responses (SOCCER): A model for predicting adverse events in the inpatient setting
148 Citations2006T. Jacques, G. A. Harrison +2 more
This study confirms the validity of current MET call criteria but points to the need to expand them and provides a possible explanation for the failure to demonstrate efficacy of a MET in some trials because current call criteria maybe too late in the progress of the patient's critical condition.
Critical CareReduction in hospital-wide mortality after implementation of a rapid response team: a long-term cohort study
142 Citations2011Jeremy R. Beitler, Nate Link +3 more
Implementation of an RRT in which clinical judgment, in addition to vital-signs criteria, was widely cited as a rationale for activation, was associated with a significant reduction in hospital-wide mortality, out-of- ICU mortality, and out- of-ICU cardiopulmonary-arrest codes.
ResuscitationMagnesium sulfate in the treatment of refractory ventricular fibrillation in the prehospital setting
142 Citations2001J.R. Allegra, Robert F. Lavery +7 more
The authors failed to demonstrate that the administration of 2 g of MgSO(4) to prehospital cardiac arrest patients presenting in VF improves short or long term survival.
ResuscitationDo not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR) orders: A systematic review of the barriers and facilitators of decision-making and implementation
142 Citations2014Carole Mockford, Zoë Fritz +6 more
Significant variability was identified in DNACPR decision-making and implementation and the evidence base is weak but the absence of evidence does not indicate an absence of good practice.
Journal of Internal MedicineSudden cardiac death in 15–35‐year olds in Sweden during 1992–99
142 Citations2002Aase Wisten, Håkan Forsberg +2 more
Sudden cardiac death in persons 15–35‐year old in Sweden, 1992–99 is known to be a major cause of death in people under the age of 35.
Cardiovascular PathologySudden cardiac death with normal heart:
141 Citations2010Cristina Basso, Elisa Carturan +4 more
Autopsy investigation of cardiac SD should always include sampling for genetic testing to search for the invisible inherited arrhythmogenic disorders, as recommended in the recent guidelines by the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology.
Journal of the American College of CardiologyRisk of Fatal Arrhythmic Events in Long QT Syndrome Patients After Syncope
138 Citations2010Christian Jøns, Arthur J. Moss +6 more
Patients with syncope during beta-blocker therapy are at high risk of life-threatening events, and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy should be considered in these patients.
…