Nuclear Transplantation in Eggs and Oocytes
Journal of Cell SciencePublished 1 January 1986Open access
J. B. Gurdon
Citations128
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Abstract
Nuclear transplantation involves the replacement of the nucleus of one cell with that of another.The original purpose of this technique was to test whether the nucleus of a somatic cell can replace the zygote nucleus of a fertilized egg, and so determine whether cell differentiation and morphogenesis are accompanied by stable changes in the genome.The need for such a test was evident since Weismann's (1892) germ-plasm hypothesis in which it was supposed that genetic determinants are segregated into different cells as development proceeds.The technique of nu clear transfer was first achieved in single-celled organisms, such as Acetabularia (Hammerling, 1934) and Amoeba (Comandon & De Fonbrune, 1939).The delayed--
Keywords
MedicineBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
CellCompletion of mouse embryogenesis requires both the maternal and paternal genomes
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Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesTransplantation of living nuclei from blastula cells into enucleated frogs’ eggs
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The role of the nucleus in embryonic differentiation has been the subject of investigations dating back to the beginnings of experimental embryology, and the known cytogenetical mechanisms that could account for nuclear differentiation have been indicated.
CellA major developmental transition in early xenopus embryos: II. control of the onset of transcription
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DevelopmentThe Developmental Capacity of Nuclei taken from Intestinal Epithelium Cells of Feeding Tadpoles
1,057 Citations1962J. B. Gurdon
An important problem in embryology is whether the differentiation of cells depends upon a stable restriction of the genetic information contained in their nuclei, and whether the nuclei of differentiating cells can promote the formation of different cell types.
CellCytoplasmic activation of human nuclear genes in stable heterocaryons
844 Citations1983Helen M. Blau, Choy‐Pik Chiu +1 more
The results indicate that differentiated mouse muscle nuclei can activate human muscle genes in the nuclei of a cell type in which they are not normally expressed, and that this activation occurs via the cytoplasm.
NatureSexually Mature Individuals of Xenopus laevis from the Transplantation of Single Somatic Nuclei
595 Citations1958J. B. Gurdon, Tom Elsdale +1 more
The method consists of transferring a nucleus from an embryonic cell into an enucleated and unfertilized egg of the same species, and it is found that normal tadpoles resulted from eggs with transplanted nuclei in about 35 per cent of cases in which the nuclei were taken from blastulæ.
Developmental BiologyAdult frogs derived from the nuclei of single somatic cells
447 Citations1962J. B. Gurdon
The results demonstrate that at least 30% of blastula nuclei and at least 4% of hatched tadpole gut-cell nuclei contain a complete range of the genetic information necessary for the formation and functioning of a normal adult individual.
NatureCell type-specific activation of actin genes in the early amphibian embryo
353 Citations1984Tim Mohun, S. Brennan +3 more
Gene-specific probes show that α-skeletal and α-cardiac actin genes start to be transcribed simultaneously at the end of gastrulation, but only in those regions of the mesoderm that subsequently form embryonic muscle.
ScienceInability of Mouse Blastomere Nuclei Transferred to Enucleated Zygotes to Support Development in Vitro
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The inability of cell nuclei from successive preimplantation cleavage stages to support development reflects rapid loss of totipotency of the transferred nucleus and is not the result of simultaneous transfer of membrane or cytoplasm.
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301 Citations1976J. B. Gurdon
Nuclei prepared by the above method look morphologically healthy in oocytes cultured in vitro for up to one month after nuclear injection, compared with other methods, such as those involving the use of detergents, which undergo deterioration within a few days after injection into oocytes.
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DevelopmentThe developmental capacity of nuclei transplanted from keratinized skin cells of adult frogs
278 Citations1975J. B. Gurdon, Ronald A. Laskey +1 more
It is concluded that cell specialization does not involve any loss, irreversible inactivation or permanent change in chromosomal genes required for development.
CellNuclear transplantation in mus musculus: Developmental potential of nuclei from preimplantation embryos
272 Citations1981Karl Illmensee, Peter C. Hoppe
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ScienceDifferential Gene Expression in the Gastrula of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>
271 Citations1983Thomas D. Sargent, Igor B. Dawid
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The quantity of poly(A)-containing RNA is measured in Xenopus laevis oocytes as a function of developmental stage and remains relatively constant from early vitellogenesis until ovulation.
Developmental BiologyThe induction of DNA synthesis by frog egg cytoplasm
230 Citations1966Chris Graham, Karen Arms +1 more
DNA synthesis was observed in transplanted embryonic cell nuclei which were destined to promote abnormal as well as normal development and were not observed to enter mitosis during the 90 minutes immediately following injection into unfertilized eggs.
Annual Review of GeneticsGENE TRANSFER IN AMPHIBIAN EGGS AND OOCYTES
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174 Citations1956Tracey King, Robert Briggs
CellBiochemical complementation with RNA in the Xenopus oocyte: A small rna is required for the generation of 3′ histone mRNA termini
165 Citations1983Gabriella Galli, Hans Hofstetter +2 more
RNA extracted from the 12S "termination" factor includes an RNA species comigrating with the 60 nucleotide RNA from poly (A)- RNA, which is suggested to be present in relatively low abundance in embryos of both Psammechinus and Paracentrotus.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesOn the origin and persistence of a cytoplasmic state inducing nuclear DNA synthesis in frogs' eggs.
164 Citations1967J. B. Gurdon
The experiments reported here show that the state of egg cytoplasm which induces DNA synthesis is totally absent from o6cytes, the cells which mature into eggs, and it has been found that this cy toplasmic state arises as an effect of pituitary hormone on mature o 6cytes.
ScienceTransplantation of Pluripotential Nuclei from Triploid Frog Tumors
156 Citations1969Robert G. McKinnell, Beverly A. Deggins +1 more
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Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesCHANGES IN THE NUCLEI OF DIFFERENTIATING GASTRULA CELLS, AS DEMONSTRATED BY NUCLEAR TRANSPLANTATION
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It is proved that the tangent bundle is a fiber deformation retract of the path space of paths which has the property that for 0 < t < t* the points x(t) and x(O) are less than one unit of distance apart.
Journal of Molecular BiologyCytoplasmic regulation of RNA synthesis and nucleolus formation in developing embryos of Xenopus laevis
143 Citations1965J. B. Gurdon, Donald D. Brown
Results show that the synthesis of RNA is regulated by the type of cytoplasm in which a nucleus lies, and that DNA-like RNA and soluble RNA are synthesized during late cleavage by nuclear-transplant embryos as well as by embryos derived from fertilized eggs.
CellTranscription of muscle-specific actin genes in early xenopus development: Nuclear transplantation and cell dissociation
128 Citations1984J. B. Gurdon, S. Brennan +2 more
It is concluded that alpha-actin gene transcription is normally regulated in nuclear-transplant embryos and is undisturbed by the absence of cell contacts during cleavage.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesGene activation in somatic nuclei after injection into amphibian oocytes.
117 Citations1977Edward M. De Robertis, J. B. Gurdon
It is concluded that genes that become inactive during cell differentiation can be reactivated, in the absence of cell division, by normal components of oocyte cytoplasm.
Developmental BiologyOnset of 5 S RNA gene regulation during Xenopus embryogenesis
116 Citations1983W M Wormington, Donald D. Brown
Results are consistent with a model in which the decrease in concentration of the 5 S-specific transcription factor relative to the number of 5 S RNA genes during embryogenesis contributes to the inactivation of the oocyte 5 SRNA genes.
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104 Citations1981Laurence Jay Korn, J. B. Gurdon
A new method of native gel electrophoresis resolves the two types of 5S RNA which are of the same length but different sequence in the frog Xenopus.
Developmental BiologyNuclear transplantation studies on the early gastrula (Rana pipiens)
100 Citations1960Robert Briggs, Thomas J. King
The results summarized above are compared with those previously obtained in transplantation studies on nuclei from older donors; and with the results of experiments on Xenopus laevis nuclei recently reported by Fischberg et al.
The EMBO JournalCytoplasmic regulation of 5S RNA genes in nuclear‐transplant embryos.
99 Citations1983Larissa Wakefield, J. B. Gurdon
It is concluded that egg or early embryo cytoplasm must contain components which can continuously regulate 5S gene expression, and that the mechanism by which 5Sooc genes are developmentally inactivated does not persist through mitosis in early embryos.
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98 Citations1970R. A. Laskey, J. B. Gurdon
It is shown that it is possible to transfer nuclei successfully from the cells of normal adult animals to test the genetic content of the nucleus of a somatic cell by transplanting it to an enucleated egg.
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95 Citations1966Rosemary Bachvabova, Eric H. Davidson
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Development Genes and EvolutionThe potentialities of transplanted early gastrula nuclei ofDrosophila melanogaster. Production of their imago descendants by germ-line transplantation
86 Citations1973Karl Illmensee
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85 Citations1963J. B. Gurdon
This article reviews the question of whether stable changes restricting the developmental capacity of cell neclei are important in promoting the normal differentiation of somatic cells and argues that some results support, and others are consistent with, the following general conclusions.
Developmental BiologyThe transplantation of nuclei between two species of Xenopus
84 Citations1962J. B. Gurdon
It was shown that egg cytoplasm contains substances which have a specific effect on the function and replication of foreign nuclei and the possibility is discussed that the nucleus of irradiated recipient eggs may affect the development which these eggs promote after nuclear transplantation.
NatureNuclear Transplantation in Drosophila melanogaster
79 Citations1971Margrit Schubiger, Howard A. Schneiderman
An analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic interactions in the egg of Drosophila melanogaster by means of nuclear transplantations is begun, to assess the developmental capacities of embryos from nuclear transplantation which underwent a great deal of development but would never have hatched.
Development Genes and EvolutionDevelopmental potencies of nuclei from cleavage, preblastoderm, and syncytial blastoderm transplanted into unfertilized eggs ofDrosophila melanogaster
78 Citations1972Karl Illmensee
Wild-type nuclei from eggs of Drosophila melanogaster at various developmental stages and from different regions of the egg were singly implanted into unfertilized eggs to determine their developmental potencies, finding that not all transplanted nuclei initiated development, and why development after nuclear transplantation was arrested at the third larval instar, at the latest, is discussed.
ScienceGene Reactivation in Erythrocytes: Nuclear Transplantation in Oocytes and Eggs of <i>Rana</i>
75 Citations1983Marie A. DiBerardino, Nancy J. Hoffner
These results demonstrate that nuclei of noncycling and terminally differentiated erythrocytes contain the genes to specify tadpole development, and conditioning these nuclei in the cytoplasm of oocytes leads to a widespread reactivation of dormant genes.
NatureInjected nuclei in frog oocytes provide a living cell system for the study of transcriptional control
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Human HeLa nuclei injected into Xenopus oocytes synthesise RNA continuously for up to 1 month, and some of this RNA is translated into HeLa proteins, which can be used for the study of transcriptional controls.
Developmental BiologyOrigin of chromosomal abnormalities in nuclear transplants—A reevaluation of nuclear differentiation and nuclear equivalence in amphibians
72 Citations1970Marie A. Di Berardino, Nancy J. Hoffner
The results of these studies indicate that during embryogenesis the chromosomes of many endodermal nuclei have acquired restrictions in the form of condensed or compact chromatin (heterochromatin) that are not reversed completely by transplantation into young egg cytoplasm; and consequently, the complete expression of the transplanted nucleus is prevented.
HighWire Press Open ArchiveThe Developmental Capacity of Nuclei Taken from Differentiating Endoderm Cells of Xenopus laevis
66 CitationsGurdon, J. B.
Developmental BiologyNuclear transplantation in the axolotl
62 Citations1962J. Signoret, Robert Briggs +1 more
An analysis of the factors which determine whether or not nuclear transfers succeed in this species shows that the conditions required for the transfers to be successful are: activation of the egg by heat shock; enucleation by ultraviolet irradiation; and nuclear transfer at 2 to 4 hours following the application of the heat shock.
HighWire Press Open ArchiveA Description of the Technique for Nuclear Transplantation in Xenopus laevis
57 CitationsElsdale, T. R., Gurdon, J. B. +1 more
DevelopmentInjected nuclei in frog oocytes: RNA synthesis and protein exchange
57 Citations1976J. B. Gurdon, G.A. Partington +1 more
Injected nuclei appear to increase their rate of RNA synthesis during incubation in oocytes, correlated with nuclear enlargement, as well as with the loss of protein from injected nuclei and with their uptake of histone and nonhistone proteins from oocyte cytoplasm.
ScienceLymphocytes of the Toad <i>Xenopus laevis</i> Have the Gene Set for Promoting Tadpole Development
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Nuclear transplantation experiments show that differentiated cells, such as lymphocytes, from the adult frog can express the genes necessary for tadpole development.
NatureNuclear Transplantation in Xenopus laevis
57 Citations1958M. Fischberg, J. B. Gurdon +1 more
A technique was devised with which nuclei from cells of early embryos into unfertilized eggs of Rana pipiens from which the female pronucleus had been removed to test the extent to which a nucleus from embryos up to neurula stages could produce normal development when transplanted into an enucleated egg.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesFull-term development after transplantation of parthenogenetic embryonic nuclei into fertilized mouse eggs.
56 Citations1982Peter C. Hoppe, Karl Illmensee
The early postimplantation death of parthenogenetic embryos does not seem to be related to an aberrant genotype but rather to undefined mechanisms associated with fertilization and normal morphogenic processes.
Developmental BiologyTransplantation of nuclei of various cell types from neurulae of the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)
55 Citations1964Robert Briggs, J. Signoret +1 more
Evidence at hand suggests that mitotic abnormalities exhibited by the majority of the transplanted somatic nuclei are expressions of a differentiated state of the nuclei, affecting their capacity to proceed normally through mitosis following transfer into egg cytoplasm.
Developmental BiologyDevelopment and cellular differentiation of neural nuclear-transplants of known karyotype
54 Citations1967Marie A. Di Berardino, Thomas J. King
Journal of HeredityINTRASPECIFIC NUCLEAR TRANSPLANTATION IN FROGS
54 Citations1962Robert G. McKinnell
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesTransplantation of the nuclei of primordial germ cells into enucleated eggs of Rana pipiens.
49 Citations1965L.Dennis Smith
Developmental BiologyChromosomal and embryological analyses of nuclear changes occurring in embryos derived from transfers of nuclei between Rana pipiens and Rana sylvatica
49 Citations1963Sally Hennen
According to the evidence presented in this report, alterations in the chromosome complements arise during the time that pipiens nuclei are dividing in sylvatica cytoplasm but exactly when and how they are produced remains to be worked out.
NatureStable nuclear activation dependent on a protein synthesised during oogenesis
45 Citations1976Ann Janice Brothers
Nuclear transplantation experiments show that this interaction between the protein and the blastula nucleus produces a heritable state of nuclear activation.
Development Genes and Evolution�ber genomwirkungen und Formbildungsf�higkeit bei Acetabularia
43 Citations1934Joachim H�mmerling
Die entwicklungsphysiologische Bedeutung des Plasmas für den eigentlichen Formbildungsstoffe aufgebraucht werden, entweder in reinem kernfremdem Plasma oder in einem Mischplasma, ist nicht zustande.
Developmental BiologyProduction of replicable persistent changes in zygote chromosomes of Rana pipiens by injected proteins from adult liver nuclei
42 Citations1963Clement L. Markert, Heinrich W. Ursprung
Testing the hypothesis that cellular differentiation is based upon the acquisition of specific macromolecules by the chromosomes concluded that the effect is primarily on the chromosomes and is replicated during cell division.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesInfluence of Spermine and Reduced Temperature on the Ability of Transplanted Nuclei to Promote Normal Development in Eggs of <i>Rana pipiens</i>
42 Citations1970Sally Hennen
The capacity to promote postgastrula development is significantly improved when the donor cells are exposed to the polyamine, spermine, prior to and during nuclear transfer, and this improvement is correlated with a reduction in the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities.
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41 Citations1971Marie A. Di Berardino, Nancy J. Hoffner
It is concluded that even though germ cell nuclei are genetically totipotent, they, like somatic nuclei, undergo developmental restrictions during their process of cell differentiation, and after transplantation to host eggs, give rise to abnormal nuclear-transplants accompanied in most cases by karyotypic alterations.
Developmental BiologyRNA synthesis in an amphibian nuclear-transplant hybrid
40 Citations1969Hugh R. Woodland, J. B. Gurdon
The pattern of RNA synthesis in hybrids is seen to be abnormal several hours before developmental arrest, and may be causally connected with it.
DevelopmentSomatic nuclei in amphibian oocytes: evidence for selective gene expression
40 Citations1977Edward M. De Robertis, G.A. Partington +2 more
It is shown that of 25 proteins which have the electrophoretic properties of HeLa gene products, only 3 are expressed in injected oocytes, suggesting that conditions or molecules may exist in oocytes which selectively impose on injected nuclei a new programme of gene expression.
Developmental BiologyTransplantation of nuclei from the frog renal adenocarcinoma
37 Citations1965Marie A. Di Berardino, Thomas J. King
Chromosomal and histologic analyses on abnormal frog embryos and larvae derived from the transplantation of a single nucleus from the frog renal adenocarcinoma into enucleated host eggs indicate that chromosome aberrations occur after the tumor nucleus is transplanted into the egg host and at different times in embryonic development.
Journal of Experimental ZoologyOn the nature of the restricted differentiation‐promoting ability of transplanted <i>Rana pipiens</i> nuclei from differentiating endoderm cells
34 Citations1965Stephen Subtelny
Experimental evidence has been presented which indicates that the chromosome aberrations may reflect restrictions in nuclei of differentiating endoderm cells which result in a proclivity of the donor chromosomes to replicate abnormally in host egg cytoplasm.
Journal of HeredityMULTIPLE GENETICALLY IDENTICAL FROGS
33 Citations1962J. B. Gurdon
It is very desirable that a method should be available for obtaining many genetically identical individuals among the vertebrates, and such individuals have been produced in the case of the frog, Xenopus laevis, by making use of the technique of nuclear transplantation.
Developmental BiologySerial back-transfers of nuclei in experiments involving two species of frogs
32 Citations1960John A. Moore
The nuclei of a blastula of this first back-transfer were transferred once again to enucleated ova of R. pipiens androgenetic hybrids showed no improvement in development and was found to be irreversible.
Journal of Experimental ZoologyFurther studies on the maternal effect of the <i>o</i> gene in the Mexican axolotl
32 Citations1972Robert Briggs
The results indicate that the o+ gene does not function in early development, but can begin to do so in advanced embryos.
Developmental BiologyTransplantation of nuclei into the polar plasm of Drosophila eggs
31 Citations1973Marko Zalokar
Genetic analysis showed that the genome of these nuclei transplanted into posterior ends of fertilized eggs of the v; bw strain of Drosophila melanogaster was not affected by differentiation or by transplantation.
Developmental BiologyDevelopmental capacities of Xenopus eggs, provided with erythrocyte or erythroblast nuclei from adults
31 Citations1978R. Brun
The presence of the haploid genome derived from the egg pronucleus did not significantly improve the developmental capacity and development did not proceed to the stage of advanced organogenesis, which is easily reached by gynogenetic haploids.
Developmental BiologyEffects of differences in mitotic activity, stage of cell cycle, and degree of specialization of donor cells on nuclear transplantation in Xenopus laevis
30 Citations1975J.W. McAvoy, K. E. Dixon +1 more
The comparison of nuclei of two kinds of cells from the intestinal epithelium of adult X showed that the major factor restricting development of transplants was whether the cells had begun to differentiate, and restrictions were stable through serial transplantation.
Developmental BiologyInduction of DNA synthesis in amphibian erythroid nuclei in Rana eggs following conditioning in meiotic oocytes
29 Citations1982Ronald A. Leonard, Nancy J. Hoffner +1 more
It is suggested that the cytoplasm of meiotic oocytes contains molecular factors which act on the chromatin of noncycling and terminally differentiated erythrocyte nuclei and prepare them to respond to activated egg cy toplasm where they are induced to synthesize DNA.
Developmental BiologyRegulation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) synthesis in liver nuclei, following their transfer into oocytes
28 Citations1976Laurence D. Etkin
The oocyte cytoplasm appears to be able to regulate the synthetic activity of the transferred somatic cell nuclei so as to conform to the oocytes' normal synthetic output.
Experimental Cell ResearchTHE TRANSFER OF HAPLOID NUCLEI BETWEEN RANA PIPIENS AND RANA SYLVATICA
27 Citations1958John A. Moore
Developmental BiologyThe cell cycle and transplantation of blastula nuclei in Bombina orientalis
27 Citations1978Mark S. Ellinger
Parts of the cell cycle that preclude the participation of the donor nucleus in normal development were not detected and donor nuclei derived from mitotically synchronized populations of blastula cells, obtained by a manual isolation procedure, were detected.
Developmental BiologyChromosome complements of Rana pipiens embryos developing from eggs injected with protein from adult liver cells
26 Citations1963Heinrich W. Ursprung, Clement L. Markert
Developmental BiologyNucleocytoplasmic hybrids between Rana pipiens and Rana palustris
26 Citations1965Sally Hennen
This hybrid combination offers a unique opportunity for analyzing genetic and biochemical events involved in the formation of a predictable set of developmental deficiencies in embryos whose nuclei have normal chromosome complements and are known, under defined conditions, to be genetically competent.
Developmental BiologyActive chromatin of oocytes injected with somatic cell nuclei or cloned DNA
24 Citations1982Stuart Weisbrod, Marvin Wickens +2 more
It is concluded that the changes in gene activity undergone by somatic nuclei in oocytes affect a specific minority of genes and are not achieved by gross chromosomal changes.
Developmental BiologyThe activation of RNA synthesis by somatic nuclei injected into amphibian oocytes
22 Citations1983Larissa Wakefield, Eric J. Ackerman +1 more
It is found that the total amount of stable RNA synthesized by an oocyte with injected nuclei is about twice that of an uninjected oocyte (approximately 15 ng/day).
Developmental BiologyNucleocytoplasmic interactions during ontogenesis in individuals obtained by intra- and interspecific nuclear transplantation in the genus Pleurodeles (Urodele Amphibian)
22 Citations1973Claude‐Louis Gallien, Christian Aimar +1 more
No cytoplasmic heredity can be shown: the genetic effect of the transplanted nucleus is dominant; those animals with identical genomes present strictly identical immune reactions; their antigenic constitution seems to be independent from the specific origin of the egg cy toplasm.
NatureOocyte extracts reactivate developmentally inert Xenopus 5S genes in somatic nuclei
22 Citations1982Laurence Jay Korn, J. B. Gurdon +1 more
It is shown here that the transcription of 5S genes is induced by extracts of activating oocytes (positive regulation) and is not inhibited by similar extracts of non-activating oocytes.
Development Genes and EvolutionHeterotopic transplantation in the syncytial blastoderm ofDrosophila: Evidence for anterior and posterior nuclear commitments
20 Citations1980Stuart Kauffman
In 14 implants, host nuclei exposed to donor material altered somatic fate and formed donor type structures, interpreted to imply that cytoplasmic factors controlling anterior or posterior somatic fates are present in the syncytial balstoderm embryo.
NatureDevelopmental inactivity of 5S RNA genes persists when chromosomes are cut between genes
19 Citations1982J. B. Gurdon, Colin Dingwall +2 more
The developmental inactivity of oocyte-type 5S RNA genes is retained after the chromatin is cleaved into fragments the size of individual gene repeats, and this finding is found to be consistent with Xenopus oocytes lacking expression of these genes in somatic cells.
Developmental BiologyThe developmental potential of synchronized amphibian cell nuclei
19 Citations1981Cecilia H. von Beroldingen
Developmental BiologyThe development of embryos derived from the transplantation of neural ectoderm cell nuclei in Xenopus laevis
17 Citations1964John D. Simnett
It is suggested that some progressive nuclear change, the onset of which is earlier in ectoderm than in endoderm, occurs during normal development, but there is as yet insufficient evidence by which the exact nature of such nuclear changes might be identified.
Experimental GerontologyThe ability of the lens cell nucleus to promote complete embryonic development through to metamorphosis and its application to ophthalmic gerontology
14 Citations1972A.L. Muggleton-Harris, K Pezzella
Organ cultured adult frog lens epithelial cell nuclei were serially transferred into prepared eggs of the same species and a number of the experimental embryos derived from the first serial transfer developed through to metamorphosis with fully functional organs, in particular, perfectly formed eyes.
中国科学A辑(英文版)CELL DIFFERENTIATION IN ASCIDIAN STUDIED BY NUCLEAR TRANSPLANTATION
14 Citations1977Tran Phuong Tung
The result indicated that differentiation of cells in ascidians was principally determined by the components of the mature egg ey toplasm, not by the transplanted nucleus, and the activity of the nucleus was, to some degree, controlled by the surrounding cytoplasm.
DifferentiationFrog Larvae Cloned from Nuclei of Pronephric Adenocarcinoma
13 Citations1982Marie A. DiBerardino, Merle Mizell +2 more
Formation of triploid post-neurulae and larvae free of tumors attests to the genetic pluripotency and reversibility of nuclei from pronephric carcinoma.
Developmental BiologyChimeric drosophila adults produced by transplantation of nuclei into specific regions of fertilized eggs
11 Citations1974Masahisa Okada, I.A. Kleinman +1 more
Developmental BiologyMorphological and cytological features of gene activity in an amphibian hybrid system
9 Citations1972Sally Hennen
Results obtained from transfers of diploid blastula nuclei from Rana palustris into enucleated eggs of Rana pipiens confirmed earlier preliminary studies and revealed typical nucleocytoplasmic hybrids deviation from the normal pattern of development is not caused by cytologically detectable changes in chromosome constitution.
Developmental BiologyBack-transfer of late gastrula nuclei of nucleocytoplasmic hybrids
7 Citations1974Sally Hennen
A significant proportion of endoderm nuclei from these embryos undergo no irreversible changes in their developmental capacity even after the nucleocytoplasmic incompatibility between these two amphibian species is expressed.
Journal of Experimental ZoologyProtein synthesis in lethal nucleocytoplasmic hybrids between the species <i>Pleurodeles waltlii</i> Michahelles and <i>Ambystoma mexicanum</i> shaw (Urodele amphibians) obtained by nuclear grafting
4 Citations1976Christian Aimar, F.X. Desvaux +1 more
Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, proteins stemming from the nucleus of the donor species in nucleocytoplasmic hybrids were determined and attest to the early nuclear control of their synthesis.
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