The Genetics Of Biogenic Amine Metabolism, Sclerotization, And Melanization In Drosophila Melanogaster
Advances in geneticsPublished 1 January 1987
Theodore R. F. Wright
Citations460
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TL;DR
The availability of mutations that interrupt biogenic-amine metabolism in an experimentally suitable organism such as Drosophila should provide powerful analytical tools for neurochemists, neurophysiologists, and behavioral biologists.
Abstract
The genetics of Drosophila provides a number of different approaches toward initiating the investigation of the areas of biogenic-amine metabolism that have previously not been studied or are completely novel to any organism. Biogenic amines are particularly important compounds in insects, for they not only serve as neurotransmitters and modulaters of adenylate cyclase activity in their neurophysiology but also are essential for cross-linking proteins and chitin during sclerotization in the insect cuticle throughout development and especially at times of eclosion (hatching) and molting. A thorough understanding of the regulation of the synthesis, inactivation, and degradation of biogenic amines in the nervous system is mandatory for the elucidation of their roles in the neurophysiology and behavior of any organism. The availability of mutations that interrupt biogenic-amine metabolism in an experimentally suitable organism such as Drosophila should provide powerful analytical tools for neurochemists, neurophysiologists, and behavioral biologists. To facilitate and stimulate research on biogenic amines and sclerotization, this chapter discusses some known facts about the genetics and biochemistry of biogenic amines and sclerotization in Drosophila.
Keywords
NeuroscienceBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
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Journal of Insect PhysiologyThe o-diphenoloxidases of fly larvae
67 Citations1967R.H. Hackman, Mary Goldberg
A water-soluble o -diphenoloxidase occurs in the cuticles of the larvae of six species of flies belonging to three genera and the proenzyme is present in the haemolymph of larvae just as they are forming their puparia.
Archives of Biochemistry and BiophysicsStudies on prephenoloxidase-activating enzyme from cuticle of the silkworm Bombyx mori,
66 Citations1973Kenjiro Dohke
Prephenoloxidase-activating enzyme has been purified approximately 4800-fold from cuticular extract of the silkworm, and the preparation seems to be homogeneous as judged by disc- and dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
HereditasThe biochemical genetics of rudimentary mutants of Drosophila melanogaster
66 Citations2009Søren Nørby
Addition of uracil to the culture medium caused no decrease in the level of ACT in wild type or ACT-positive rudimentary larvae indicating that end product repression of this enzyme does not take place in Drosophila.
Insect BiochemistryProperties of tyrosinase and dopa quinone imine conversion factor from pharate pupal cuticle of Manduca sexta L.
66 Citations1984Yoichi Aso, Karl J. Kramer +2 more
DOPA quinone imine conversion factor (QICF) was partially purified from extracts of pharate pupal cuticle and may play critical roles in generating catecholamine metabolites required for the sclerotization and melanization of insect cuticle, and tyrosinase inhibitors were diethyl-dithiocarbamate, phenylthiourea, cyanide and benzoic acid.
Developmental BiologyDefective neural development inDrosophila melanogaster embryos deficient for the tip of the X chromosome
65 Citations1980K. Andrew White
Embryonic phenotypes of Drosophila melanogaster embryos deficient for regions at the tip of the X chromosome were studied in histological sections and a mutant mapping to one of the subsegments and abnormal in neural development was analyzed.
Insect BiochemistryCuticular phenoloxidase from the silkworm, Bombyx mori: Properties, solubilization, and purification
64 Citations1972Hiroko I. Yamazaki
Cuticle-bound phenoloxidase from pupae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, has optimum pH at 5.5, and Km values of hydroquinone and l-dopa for the enzyme were found to be 2.44 × 10−4M and 1.33 ×10−2 M, respectively.
Journal of NeurochemistryPRODUCTS OF BIOGENIC AMINE METABOLISM IN THE LOBSTER: SULFATE CONJUGATES
63 Citations1978Mary B. Kennedy
Evidence is presented that the B metabolites are sulfate conjugates of the amines and their A metabolites, indicating that octopamine, dopamine and serotonin, the three biogenic amines found in the lobster nervous system, are each converted by lobster tissues into two principal classes of products.
GeneticsA GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE PTERIDINE BIOSYNTHETIC ENZYME, GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE CYCLOHYDROLASE, IN <i>DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER</i>
62 Citations1983William J. Mackay, Janis M. O’Donnell
It is shown that mutations in Punch (2-97, Pu) have severe effects on GTP CH activity, the first enzyme acting in the biosynthesis of pteridines, the pigments causing red eye color in Drosophila.
Biochemical GeneticsPhenol oxidase activation in Drosophila: A cascade of reactions
59 Citations1975William D. Seybold, Paul S. Meltzer +1 more
A simpler system involving only the last step with one precursor and one activation is consistent with the cascade picture, but the whole complex system must be considered when dealing with genetic and developmental regulation of pigmentation and sclerotization.
The EMBO JournalThe Drosophila virilis dopa decarboxylase gene is developmentally regulated when integrated into Drosophila melanogaster.
58 Citations1986Sarah J. Bray, Jay Hirsh
The integrated Ddc gene is induced at the correct stages during development with apparently normal tissue specificity, indicating that cis‐acting elements required for regulation are functionally conserved between the two species.
Biological BulletinGENETIC INFLUENCE ON PHOTOTAXIS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
58 Citations1964Nortin M. Hadler
The design and construction of two multiple Y-unit mazes are described which will permit time assessment of the mean and variance of phototactic behavior in Drosophila populations, and an analysis of the behavior of the selected and unselected strains shows the interaction of the environmental and genetic influences.
NatureIsolation of the dorsal locus of Drosophila
57 Citations1984Ruth Steward, Francis J. McNally +1 more
The molecular cloning of the dorsal locus and a study of its expression are reported, which suggest that the anterior–posterior and dorsal–ventral axes may be independent as the defects observed in mutants from each class seem to be restricted to one axis only.
Genetics ResearchGenetic regulation and pattern formation: A study of the<i>yellow</i>locus in<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>
57 Citations1974William G. Nash, Rhoda J. Yarkin
A comparison of many different y mutants demonstrates that the yellow phenotype is expressed independently in most if not all the different cell types which form the cuticle.
Insect BiochemistryCharacterization of a trypsin-solubilized phenoloxidase from locust cuticle
57 Citations1978Svend Olav Andersen
The enzyme will oxidize a number of both ortho- and para-diphenols, and in contrast to untreated locust cuticle it is more active in releasing tritium located on the aromatic ring of N-acetyldopamine than in releasingtritium from the aliphatic side-chain of the same compound.
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