Footshock-induced sensitization of the acoustic startle response in two strains of mice
Behavioural Brain ResearchPublished 1 August 2001
Anneloes Dirks, Reinoud de Jongh, Lucianne Groenink, Jan van der Gugten, Theo H. Hijzen, Berend Olivier
Citations20
SJR quartileQ2
SJR score0.92
SNIP0.77
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The findings indicate that mice may exhibit footshock-induced sensitization of the acoustic startle response, but that the effects of footshocks on the acoustic Startle are strain- and time-dependent.
Abstract
It has been shown before that unconditioned footshocks can augment the acoustic startle response in rats. In the present study, male mice of two strains, C57Bl/6N and BALB/c, were compared with regard to footshock-induced sensitization of the acoustic startle response. Presentation of footshocks did not affect the acoustic startle response in C57Bl/6N mice, while in contrast, footshock-induced sensitization was apparent in the BALB/c strain. Shocked C57Bl/6N mice, but not BALB/c mice, displayed robust conditioning to the startle context when re-tested the next day. These findings indicate that mice may exhibit footshock-induced sensitization of the acoustic startle response, but that the effects of footshocks on the acoustic startle are strain- and time-dependent.
Keywords
Neuroscience
PsychopharmacologyBehavioral phenotypes of inbred mouse strains: implications and recommendations for molecular studies
1,368 Citations1997Jacqueline N. Crawley, John K. Belknap +11 more
Strain distributions are described for open field activity, learning and memory tasks, aggression, sexual and parental behaviors, acoustic startle and prepulse inhibition, and the behavioral actions of ethanol, nicotine, cocaine, opiates, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics.
Progress in NeurobiologyThe neurobiology of startle
1,275 Citations1999Michael Koch
The neuronal basis underlying the mediation of the AsR, as well as the neuronal and neurochemical substrates of different phenomena of enhancement and attenuation of the ASR are described to elucidate the biological background of these forms of behavioral plasticity.
Behavioural Brain ResearchFear-potentiated startle: A neural and pharmacological analysis
750 Citations1993Michael T. Davis, William A. Falls +2 more
Local infusion of AP5 into the amygdala was found to block the acquisition of experimental extinction, a prototypical method for reducing fear, and brain systems that might be involved in the inhibition of fear are investigated.
Behavioral NeuroscienceEffects of amygdala, hippocampus, and periaqueductal gray lesions on short- and long-term contextual fear.
590 Citations1993Jeansok J. Kim, Richard A. Rison +1 more
The results indicate that there are anatomically dissociable short- and long-term conditional fear states.
PsychopharmacologyInbred strain differences in prepulse inhibition of the mouse startle response
384 Citations1997Richard Paylor, Jacqueline N. Crawley
Inbred strains of mice may be a useful tool to study the genetic basis of sensorimotor gating and display high levels of prepulse inhibition of both the acoustic and tactile startle responses.
NeuroscienceAssessment of learning by the Morris water task and fear conditioning in inbred mouse strains and F1 hybrids: implications of genetic background for single gene mutations and quantitative trait loci analyses
353 Citations1997Elizabeth H. Owen, Sheree F. Logue +2 more
Significant genetic correlations were obtained for behavioural measures suggesting that the same genes regulate various aspects of performance on behavioural tasks, confirming the importance of genetic background in the performance of various learning tasks.
Behavioral NeuroscienceSensitization of the acoustic startle reflex by footshock.
228 Citations1989Michael T. Davis
Footshocks increased startle in rats not previously given startle-eliciting stimuli, indicating sensitization rather than dishabituation, and may represent the unconditioned effect of shock that can become associated with a neutral stimulus to support classical fear conditioning.
NeuroscienceAssessment of locomotor activity, acoustic and tactile startle, and prepulse inhibition of startle in inbred mouse strains and F1 hybrids: Implications of genetic background for single gene and quantitative trait loci analyses
215 Citations1997Sheree F. Logue, Elizabeth H. Owen +2 more
The range of variability among genotypes was dependent on the specific measure so careful consideration must be made in selecting a strain for testing a particular behaviour, and quantitative trait loci methods could be applied to these behaviours.
Biological PsychiatryAnxiogenic effects of high illumination levels assessed with the acoustic startle response in rats
212 Citations1997David L. Walker, Michael J. Davis
The results suggest that the elevation of startle amplitude by light may reflect an unconditioned anxiogenic effect of high illumination levels.
PsychopharmacologyThe effects of early postnatal stimulation on Morris water-maze acquisition in adult mice: genetic and maternal factors
186 Citations1996Marilee D. Zaharia, J Kulczycki +3 more
It was demonstrated that early-life handling of mouse pups reduced the learning impairments seen when mice were tested in the Morris water-maze at 120 days of age and also prevented stress-induced disturbances in this task, consistent with the proposition that performance disturbances of BALB/cByJ mice tests in theMorris water- maze task are associated with excessive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal reactivity.
Behavioral NeuroscienceSensitization of the startle reflex by footshock: Blockade by lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala or its efferent pathway to the brainstem.
170 Citations1989Janice M. Hitchcock, Catherine B. Sananes +1 more
Behavior GeneticsDifferences in response to an acoustic startle stimulus among forty-six rat strains
118 Citations1994John R. Glowa, Carl T. Hansen
The results suggest that robust phenotypic differences in startle response exist among rat strains, and the use of strain differences inStartle response may be an effective way to determine genetic contributions to specific behavioral responses.
Behavioral NeuroscienceInbred mouse strains differ in the regulation of startle and prepulse inhibition of the startle response.
113 Citations1997Amy Bullock, Brian S. Slobe +2 more
Screening 8 inbred mouse strains found strain differences in both the sensitivity to acoustic startle and the magnitude of both the auditory and tactile startle, suggesting an overlap in the genes that regulate these 2 forms of sensory gating.
Behavioral NeuroscienceFear-potentiated startle in two strains of inbred mice.
106 Citations1997William A. Falls, Stephanie Carlson +2 more
The results not only demonstrate fear-potentiated startle in mice for the first time but also suggest that fear- Potentiated Startle can be influenced by characteristics of the mouse strain.
Brain ResearchLesions of the central gray block the sensitization of the acoustic startle response in rats
83 Citations1994Markus Fendt, Michael Koch +1 more
A crucial role of the CG for the sensitization of the ASR is suggested, as a descending projection from the medial part of the cA might form synapses in the region of the midbrain CG, where a descending projections to the PnC takes its origin.
Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorA test battery for measuring nicotine effects in mice
65 Citations1985Michael J. Marks, Elena Romm +2 more
A test battery consisting of measurement of respiration, startle response, Y-maze activity, heart rate, and body temperature has been developed to assess the effects of nicotine on the mouse and demonstrated that the genotype of the mouse strongly influenced the responses in several of the tests.
Animal Learning & BehaviorImmediate shock, passive avoidance, and potentiated startle: Implications for the unconditioned response to shock
51 Citations1995Matthew C. Kiernan, R. Frederick Westbrook +1 more
The results support the view that fear-related behaviors are activated by signals for shock rather than by shock itself and suggest that the immediate-shock freezing deficit is due to a failure to process the to-be-conditioned contextual cues.
Behavioural Brain ResearchShock sensitization of startle: learned or unlearned fear?
48 Citations2000Rick Richardson
It is concluded that the shock sensitization of startle procedure is an appropriate model preparation for studying contextual conditioning but is not an appropriate procedure for studying unlearned fear.
Behavioral NeuroscienceShock sensitization of startle in rats: The role of contextual conditioning.
44 Citations1998Rick Richardson, Hamada Elsayed
Results show that shock sensitization of startle is mediated by contextual conditioning, and the implications of this finding for using the shock sensitized procedure as a model preparation for examining the neural and pharmacological bases of unconditioned fear are discussed.
Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorFear-Potentiated Startle Response in Mice
40 Citations2000James A. McCaughran, J.N.B. Bell +1 more
Analysis of a full Mendelian cross formed from the B6 and D2 strains found that the FPS response was a highly heritable trait, best described by a simple additive model of inheritance and with a broad-sense heritability of 0.46.