Elevated resting energy expenditure among HIV-seropositive persons receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy
AIDSPublished 1 July 1999
Abby Shevitz, Tamsin A. Knox, Donna Spiegelman, Ronenn Roubenoff, Sherwood L. Gorbach, Paul R. Skolnik
Citations104
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score1.21
SNIP0.90
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Viral load and HAART appear to exert independent effects on REE, and although HAART may decrease metabolic rate by lowering viral burden, it appears to increase metabolic demands through some mechanism independent of its effect on viral burden.
Abstract
Viral load and HAART appear to exert independent effects on REE. Although HAART may decrease metabolic rate by lowering viral burden, it appears to increase metabolic demands through some mechanism(s) independent of its effect on viral burden. This may result in elevated REE despite control of viral replication.
Keywords
Medicine
New England Journal of MedicineDeclining Morbidity and Mortality among Patients with Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
9,465 Citations1998Frank J. Palella, Kathleen M. Delaney +6 more
The recent declines in morbidity and mortality due to AIDS are attributable to the use of more intensive antiretroviral therapies.
BiometricsLongitudinal Data Analysis for Discrete and Continuous Outcomes
7,834 Citations1986Scott L. Zeger, Kung‐Yee Liang
A class of generalized estimating equations (GEEs) for the regression parameters is proposed, extensions of those used in quasi-likelihood methods which have solutions which are consistent and asymptotically Gaussian even when the time dependence is misspecified as the authors often expect.
British Journal Of NutritionBody fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 Years
6,368 Citations1974J. V. G. A. Durnin, J Womersley
Skinfold thicknesses at four sites – biceps, triceps, subscapular and supra-iliac – and total body density were measured on 209 males and 272 females aged from 16 to 72 years, finding it necessary to use the logarithm of skinfold measurements in order to achieve a linear relationship with body density.
NatureRapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection
4,289 Citations1995David D. Ho, Avidan U. Neumann +4 more
Treatment of infected patients with ABT-538 causes plasma HIV-1 levels to decrease exponentially and CD4 lymphocyte counts to rise substantially, indicating that replication of HIV- 1 in vivo is continuous and highly productive, driving the rapid turnover ofCD4 lymphocytes.
NatureViral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
3,290 Citations1995Xiping Wei, Sajal K. Ghosh +10 more
Statistics in MedicineFlexible regression models with cubic splines
2,696 Citations1989Sylvain Durrleman, Richard Simon
New England Journal of MedicineA Controlled Trial of Two Nucleoside Analogues plus Indinavir in Persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and CD4 Cell Counts of 200 per Cubic Millimeter or Less
2,666 Citations1997Scott M. Hammer, Kathleen Squires +14 more
Treatment with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine as compared with zidvudine and lam ivudine alone significantly slows the progression of HIV-1 disease in patients with 200 CD4 cells or fewer per cubic millimeter and prior exposure to zidavudine.
JAMAAntiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection in 1998
1,016 Citations1998Charles C. J. Carpenter, Margaret A. Fischl +12 more
Accumulating data from clinical and pathogenesis studies continue to support early institution of potent antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection, and increased complexity in HIV management requires ongoing monitoring of new data for optimal treatment of HIV infection.
New England Journal of MedicineChanges in Plasma HIV-1 RNA and CD4+ Lymphocyte Counts and the Risk of Progression to AIDS
734 Citations1996William A. O’Brien, Pamela Hartigan +7 more
Treatment-induced changes in the plasma HIV-1 RNA level and the CD4+ lymphocyte count are valid predictors of the clinical progression of HIV-related disease and can be used to assess the efficacy of zidovudine and possibly other antiretroviral drugs as well.
The LancetVisceral abdominal-fat accumulation associated with use of indinavir
714 Citations1998Kirk D. Miller, Elizabeth C. Jones +4 more
The data suggest that some HIV-1-infected patients on indinavir treatment accumulate intra-abdominal fat that may cause abdominal symptoms and larger studies of protease-inhibitor treatment are needed to investigate this association further.
Journal of Clinical InvestigationRheumatoid cachexia: cytokine-driven hypermetabolism accompanying reduced body cell mass in chronic inflammation.
592 Citations1994Ronenn Roubenoff, Ronenn Roubenoff +6 more
Loss of body cell mass is common in RA; cytokine production in RA is associated with altered energy metabolism and intake, despite a theoretically adequate diet; and TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta modulate energy metabolic and body composition in RA.
The Lancet“Buffalo hump” in men with HIV-1 infection
573 Citations1998Joan C. Lo, Kathleen Mulligan +3 more
Although the mechanism for dorsocervical fat accumulation is unclear, it is speculated that regional abnormalities in lipogenesis and lipolysis occur, possibly influenced by the hormonal and metabolic changes seen with HIV-1 infection and its treatment.
The LancetRandomised placebo-controlled trial of ritonavir in advanced HIV-1 disease
540 Citations1998D. William Cameron, Margo Heath‐Chiozzi +9 more
Although earlier intervention with combination therapy may provide much more effective treatment, ritonavir in patients with advanced disease and extensive previous antiretroviral use is safe and effective, lowers the risk of AIDS complications, and prolongs survival.
New England Journal of MedicineThe Relation of Virologic and Immunologic Markers to Clinical Outcomes after Nucleoside Therapy in HIV-Infected Adults with 200 to 500 CD4 Cells per Cubic Millimeter
485 Citations1996David Katzenstein, Scott M. Hammer +10 more
Both the risk of the progression of HIV disease and the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy are strongly associated with the plasma level of HIV RNA and with the viral phenotype.
New England Journal of MedicineMetabolic Disturbances and Wasting in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
401 Citations1992Carl Grünfeld, Kenneth R. Feingold +2 more
The metabolic disturbances that occur during AIDS are reviewed, put them in the context of studies of cachexia with infection and cancer, and attempt to define the role of these disturbances in the pathogenesis of wasting.
New England Journal of MedicineEnergy Expenditure and Wasting in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
397 Citations1995Derek C. Macallan, Carole Noble +7 more
In patients with HIV infection, total energy expenditure is reduced during episodes of weight loss, suggesting reduced energy intake, not elevated energy expenditure, is the prime determinant of weight lost in HIV-associated wasting.
JAMASerum HIV-1 RNA Levels and Time to Development of AIDS in the Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study
341 Citations1996Thomas R. O'Brien
The HIV- 1 RNA level during early chronic HIV-1 infection is a strong, age-independent predictor of clinical outcome; low levels define persons with a high probability of long-term AIDS-free survival.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionResting energy expenditure, caloric intake, and short-term weight change in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
281 Citations1992Carl Grünfeld, M Pang +4 more
HIV+ and AIDS are able to partially compensate for increased REE because they do not show short-term weight loss, and rapid weight loss with anorexia may be a harbinger of secondary infection in AIDS.
The American Journal of MedicineCirculating interferon-α levels and hypertriglyceridemia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
277 Citations1991Carl Grünfeld, Donald P. Kotler +6 more
These studies suggest that interferon-α, which has previously been shown to modulate lipid metabolism in vivo and in vitro, may be responsible for the hypertriglyceridemia found in AIDS.
Journal of Applied PhysiologyPeripheral effects of endurance training in young and old subjects
232 Citations1989C. N. Meredith, Walter R. Frontera +5 more
The absolute changes that training produced in peak VO2 were similar in both age groups, but the 128% increase in muscle oxidative capacity was greater in the elderly, suggesting that peripheral factors play an important role in the response of the elderly to endurance exercise.
Annals of Internal MedicineReport of the NIH Panel To Define Principles of Therapy of HIV Infection*
153 Citations1998
The goal of this supplement is to assist clinicians and patients in making informed decisions about treatment options so that effective antiretroviral therapy is introduced before extensive immune system damage has occurred and viral load monitoring is used as an essential tool in determining an HIV-infected person's risk for disease progression and response to antirefiltration therapy.
Annals of Internal MedicineSevere Diabetes Associated with Protease Inhibitor Therapy
138 Citations1997Fehmida Visnegarwala, Kurt L. Krause +1 more
American Journal of Clinical NutritionResting energy expenditure in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: comparison between patients with and without secondary infections
133 Citations1993J.C. Melchior, G Raguin +9 more
A high energy expenditure may be a harbinger of secondary infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and may participate in accelerated weight loss.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes & Human RetrovirologyDerivation and Properties of a Brief Health Status Assessment Instrument for Use in HIV Disease
131 Citations1995Samuel A. Bozzette, Ron D. Hays +3 more
The resulting instrument continues to cover disability, work, utilization, and health status, but is less than half the length of the previous comprehensive questionnaires.
Annals of Internal MedicineNew-Onset Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Use of Protease Inhibitor
125 Citations1997John A. Eastone, Catherine F. Decker
Clinicians who treat HIV-infected patients must be aware that protease inhibitors can cause hyperglycemia in patients with or without a history of glucose intolerance, and that cessation of therapy with the drug, which may promote viral resistance, is not necessary for glycemic control.
MetabolismIncreased resting energy expenditure in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men
124 Citations1990M.J.T. Hommes, Johannes A. Romijn +5 more
DiabetologiaIncreased energy expenditure in poorly controlled Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients
122 Citations1984K. Sreekumaran Nair, David Halliday +1 more
The observed increase in metabolic rate in uncontrolled diabetic patients is associated with increased protein turnover, increased plasma glucagon, but no significant increase in cortisol, growth hormone or triiodothyronine concentrations in plasma.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionPreservation of short-term energy balance in clinically stable patients with AIDS
121 Citations1990DP Kotler, AR Tierney +4 more
It is concluded that short-term energy balance can be maintained in clinically stable patients with AIDS and hypometabolism is an appropriate metabolic response to the combination of body-cell-mass depletion and nutrient malabsorption.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionWhole-body protein turnover from leucine kinetics and the response to nutrition in human immunodeficiency virus infection
116 Citations1995Derek C. Macallan, M.A. McNurlan +4 more
HIV infection increases whole-body protein turnover but does not quantitatively impair the acute anabolic response to intravenous nutrition, and this response was quantitatively similar in all groups.
New England Journal of MedicineEnergy Expenditure in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
73 Citations1997Kathleen Mulligan, Viva Tai +1 more
The relation between viral load and resting energy expenditure in a diverse group of 36 HIV-positive men studied while they were relatively stable clinically was evaluated.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionAlterations in resting metabolic rate as a consequence of 20 wk of endurance training: the HERITAGE Family Study
71 Citations1998Jack H. Wilmore, Philip R. Stanforth +7 more
20 wk of endurance exercise training had no effect on the RMR even in the presence of small changes in body composition and a large increase in VO2max.
MetabolismRETRACTED: Influence of endurance training on energy intake, norepinephrine kinetics, and metabolic rate in older individuals
62 Citations1992E. T. Poehlman, Andrew W. Gardner +1 more
Examination of the influence of endurance training on voluntary energy intake and the associated changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and norepinephrine (NE) kinetics in older individuals under supervised living conditions found no significant change in energy intake.
MetabolismResting energy expenditure and weight loss in human immunodeficiency
50 Citations1993U. Süttmann, Johann Ockenga +5 more
Investigation of resting energy expenditure and body composition in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection found increased REE represents an inadequate adaptation to malnutrition and contributes to wasting, but may occur during weight loss.
MetabolismEffect of impaired glucose tolerance and type II diabetes on resting metabolic rate and thermic response to a glucose meal in obese women
47 Citations1986K. Sreekumaran Nair, Joan D. Webster +1 more
The hypothesis that patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type II diabetes mellitus have reduced glucose-induced thermogenesis and that this perpetuates obesity in them by reducing energy expenditure is examined and total energy expenditure was higher than that of obese women with normal glucose tolerance.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes & Human RetrovirologyLevels of HIV RNA Are Quantitatively Related to Prior Weight Loss in HIV-Associated Wasting
37 Citations1998Seth Rivera, William Briggs +2 more
Levels of HIV replication appear to be causally related to the magnitude of weight loss in some patients with wasting, previously defined as associated with increasing risk for disease progression.
Clinical ScienceTumour Necrosis Factor Receptor Levels Are Linked to the Acute-Phase Response and Malnutrition in Human-Immunodeficiency-Virus-Infected Patients
33 Citations1994U. Süttmann, O. Selberg +4 more
Serum concentrations of soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 55 and 75 were both significantly increased in human-immunodeficiency-virus-infected patients as compared with the health control subjects, which may be explained by the paracrine release and the rapid inactivation of tumour Necrosis factor.
MetabolismSoluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor are markers for clinical course but not for major metabolic changes in human immunodeficiency virus infection
30 Citations1995Mieke H. Godfried, Johannes A. Romijn +6 more
American Journal of Clinical NutritionThermic and metabolic responses to oral glucose in obese subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus treated with insulin or a very-low-energy diet
19 Citations1996Réjeanne Gougeon
The greater TEF was associated with a greater insulin response, which was probably responsible for the greater stored glucose, and increased significantly to 66 +/- 6 g after the VLED (compared with the isoenergetic diet without insulin).
The Journal of Infectious DiseasesIssues in the Design of Trials of Therapies for Subjects with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection that Use Plasma RNA Level as an Outcome
14 Citations1997Janet Raboud, J. S. G. Montaner +4 more
Longitudinal plasma RNA levels were examined in 326 persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), who were participating in 4 clinical trials and 1 observational study, and correlations were made of replicate and longitudinal measurements.