Epistemology Without a Knowing Subject

The chapter provides an appreciation and criticism of Brouwer's epistemology and discusses the logic and the biology of discovery that presents the concept of discovery, humanism, and self-transcendence.

Abstract

This chapter presents the author's view on epistemology. This chapter introduces the author's various theses, and his explanation of the third world and the world of objective contents of thought, especially of scientific and poetic thoughts and of works of art. A biological approach to the third world is provided in the chapter to defend the existence of an autonomous world by a kind of biological or evolutionary argument. The chapter illustrates the objectivity and the autonomy of this third world. With the evolution of the argumentative function of language, criticism becomes the main instrument of further growth. The autonomous world of the higher functions of language becomes the world of science. The chapter provides an appreciation and criticism of Brouwer's epistemology and discusses the logic and the biology of discovery. It presents the concept of discovery, humanism, and self-transcendence.