Carotid Chemoreflex
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyPublished 1 January 1996
Hreday N. Sapru
Citations76
SJR quartileQ3
SJR score0.37
SNIP0.20
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Abstract
Relatively little is known regarding the neural pathways mediating the respiratory responses to chemoreceptor stimulation and the transmitters involved in these pathways. Recently published information on this topic is presented in this short review.
Keywords
MedicineNeuroscienceBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Brain ResearchThe central organization of carotid body afferent projections to the brainstem of the rat
427 Citations1992James C. W. Finley, David M. Katz
Findings support the existence of multiple pathways by which peripheral chemoreceptor inputs may influence central respiratory neurons in the rat, and suggest carotid body afferents may also interact more directly with respiratory- or cardiovascular-related neurons in other regions such as the ventrolateral medulla.
NeuropharmacologyVasopressor and depressor areas in the rat medulla
267 Citations1983Robert N. Willette, P P Barcas +2 more
The results indicate that the pressor and depressor sites identified in the ventral medulla of the rat may have an important role to play in central cardiovascular regulation.
The Journal of PhysiologyRole of excitatory amino acids in the generation and transmission of respiratory drive in neonatal rat.
253 Citations1991John J. Greer, Jeffrey C. Smith +1 more
It is confirmed that endogenously released excitatory amino acids act at non‐NMDA receptors to modulate rhythm.
Respiration PhysiologyNeurotransmitters in the CNS control of breathing
234 Citations1995Ann C. Bonham
This review summarises the current understanding of the neurotransmitters involved in the generation, transmission and modulation of respiratory rhythm and describes the role of glutamate, GABA, and glycine.
Journal of Applied PhysiologyCarotid and aortic chemoreceptor function in the rat
224 Citations1977Hreday N. Sapru, Abbott J. Krieger
The results indicate that the carotid chemoreceptor function in Wistar rats in normal while functional aortic chemoreceptors are absent in them.
The Journal of Comparative NeurologyMonosynaptic transmission of respiratory drive to phrenic motoneurons from brainstem bulbospinal neurons in rats
188 Citations1988Howard H. Ellenberger, Jack L. Feldman
The termination patterns in the rat phrenic nucleus of neurons within two respiratory cell groups of the ventrolateral medulla (Bötzinger Complex and the rostral ventral respiratory group) were determined and bulbospinal axons formed presumptive synaptic contacts within longitudinal and radial dendrite bundles.
Journal of NeurophysiologyExcitatory amino acid-mediated transmission of inspiratory drive to phrenic motoneurons
162 Citations1990G. Liu, Jack L. Feldman +1 more
The role of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) in the bulbospinal transmission of inspiratory drive was studied by intracellular and single-electrode voltage-clamp recordings from phrenic motoneurons in the in vitro neonatal rat brain stem spinal cord and the effects of agonists for the major EAA receptor subtypes were investigated.
Brain Research BulletinAortic nerve stimulation in the rat: Cardiovascular and respiratory responses
140 Citations1981Hreday N. Sapru, Eulogio R. Gonzalez +1 more
The results indicate that the aortic nerves of the rat contain mainly baroceptor afferent fibers and there are few, if any, functional chemoreceptor fibers in these nerves.
The Journal of PhysiologyThe carotid chemoreceptor input to the respiratory neurones of the nucleus of tractus solitarius
112 Citations1977Janusz Lipski, Robin M. McAllen +1 more
An investigation has been made into the connexions between the carotid body chemoreceptors and the dorsal respiratory neurones of the cat's medulla.
Journal of NeuroscienceInvolvement of excitatory amino acids in neurotransmission of inspiratory drive to spinal respiratory motoneurons
105 Citations1989Donald R. McCrimmon, JC Smith +1 more
The bulbospinal-spinal respiratory motoneuron synapse may provide a convenient model synapse in the spinal cord for detailed analysis of mechanisms underlying excitatory amino acid-mediated synaptic transmission of motor drive.
Journal of the Autonomic Nervous SystemPutative neurotransmitters involved in medullary cardiovascular regulation
99 Citations1988Raymond Urbanski, Hreday N. Sapru
Results indicate that the NTS sends glutamatergic inputs to both the VLDA and the VlPA and the projection from the NTS to theVLPA mediates pressor responses while the bradycardia evokedfrom the NTS may involve a pathway from the PAL to the NTS.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsStimulation of pulmonary J receptors by an enkephalin-analog.
85 Citations1981Hreday N. Sapru, Robert N. Willette +1 more
Nerve recording experiments in artificially ventilated rats showed that interruption of vagal innervation to the lungs abolished the EA-induced cessation of phrenic nerve activity (apnea), increased frequency of phRenic nerve bursts (fast breathing) and decreased spike activity in each burst (shallow breathing).
Brain ResearchThe carotid body connections: a WGA-HRP study in the cat
81 Citations1988Alfonso Claps, Fernando Torrealba
The individual territories occupied by the primary afferents from the carotid body in the brainstem of the cat are investigated and labeled axons are found only in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius; in particular, strong projections to the following ipsilateral subnuclei are found.
Brain ResearchA midline area in the nucleus commissuralis of NTS mediates the phrenic nerve responses to carotid chemoreceptor stimulation
67 Citations1994Vineet C. Chitravanshi, Anil Kachroo +1 more
The carotid body chemoreceptor afferents have been reported to project to a discrete area located in the nucleus commissuralis of nucleus tractus solitarius and the respiratory tract of these animals were intact and respiratory changes were monitored by recording the phrenic nerve activity instead of tracheal airflow.
Clinical and Experimental HypertensionWorking Model of the Sympathetic Chemoreflex in Rats
60 Citations1995Patrice G. Guyenet, Naohiro Koshiya
This review examines the neural network responsible for activation of the sympathetic vasomotor system during stimulation of carotid chemoreceptors in anesthetized vagotomized rats (sympathetic chemoreflex, SChR).
Respiration PhysiologyMedullary relay neurons in the carotid body chemoreceptor pathway of cats
45 Citations1975Richard O. Davies, McIver W. Edwards
The authors' findings suggest that there is a direct synaptic input from carotid body chemoreceptor afferents onto medullary respiratory neurons.
Brain ResearchM2 muscarinic receptor agonists produce hypotension and bradycardia when injected into the nucleus tractus solitarii
40 Citations1989Kalyana Sundaram, Jaya Murugaian +2 more
Results indicate that the muscarinic receptors in the intermediate portion of NTS are of M2 type, and previous microinjections of a selective competitive M2 receptor antagonist blocked the effects of CD.
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyCentral Integration of Chemoreceptor Afferent Activity
11 Citations1994David L. Jordan
What is known regarding the sites of termination of arterial chemoreceptor afferents and the integration of these Afferents with other afferent inputs, respiration, and higher centres at the second and higher order neurones is summarized.