Myelin and White Matter
Published 1 January 1995
Marjo S. van der Knaap, Jacob Valk
Citations38
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TL;DR
Myelin makes up most of the substance of white matter in the central nervous system (CNS) and it is also present in large quantities in the peripheral nervous System (PNS).
Abstract
Myelin makes up most of the substance of white matter in the central nervous system (CNS). It is also present in large quantities in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In both the CNS and the PNS, myelin is essential for normal functioning of the nerve fibers.
Keywords
Neuroscience
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25 Citations1984Andreas Zurbriggen, M. Vandevelde +2 more
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GenomicsThe Oligodendrocyte-Myelin Glycoprotein of Mouse: Primary Structure and Gene Structure
23 Citations1993Daniel D. Mikol, Pornpimol Rongnoparut +3 more
The conservation of the nucleotide sequences of the coding, noncoding, and flanking regions of the two genes is remarkable and raises the possibility that theucleotide sequence may serve a function that is separate from the role of encoding OMgp.
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21 Citations1984F Seitelberger
The possible coincidence of dysmyelination and demyelination in early manifested leukodystrophies in the frame of the Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-syndrome is emphasized.
GliaOrientation of the myelin proteolipid protein C‐terminus in oligodendroglial membranes
18 Citations1992Jukka T. Konola, Takashi Yamamura +2 more
C cultured mouse oligodendrocytes were probed with polyclonal antibodies raised against a synthetic terminal peptide corresponding to PLP residues 264–276 and with ten separate monoclonal antibodies that react with this region to provide evidence that the carboxyl‐terminus of PLP is located at the cytoplasmic face of oligodENDroglial membranes.
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18 Citations1993Jean‐Marie Matthieu
In this review of inherited metabolic disorders affecting the oligodendrocyte and/or the Schwann cells, emphasis is placed on mutations in animals that represent invaluable models for investigating the molecular mechanisms of inherited myelin diseases in humans.
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17 Citations1992Joyce E. Royland, G. Konat� +2 more
The results indicate that down-regulation of myelin-specific gene expression is involved in the mechanisms of hypomyelination in hunger disease, although the individual genes are differently altered.
Neurochemical ResearchStudies on the submicrosomal fractions of bovine oligodendroglia: Lipid composition and glycolipid biosynthesis
12 Citations1988Diwakar S. Deshmukh, A Vorbrodt +3 more
Evidence is given that intracellular Golgi apparatus of oligodendroglia is rich in the myelin-specific lipids, and its involvement in the synthesis and processing of myelin lipids is suggested.
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12 Citations1993Lance Fors, Leroy Hood +1 more
To better understand the cell type-specific and coordinated regulation of the myelin protein genes, cloned and sequenced the shark myelin basic protein (MBP) promoter and showed striking similarities with the rat and shark P0 promoter.
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11 Citations1993Joyce E. Royland, G. Konat� +1 more
Glucose deprivation was employed to model caloric undernutrition in newborn rat mixed glial cultures and activation of the myelin genes began at approximately 6 day in vitro (DIV), and a period of rapid upregulation followed through 14 DIV.
Journal of NeurochemistryBasis for Phospholipid Incorporation into Peripheral Nerve Myelin
11 Citations1993Françoise Boiron, Warren D. Spivack +2 more
It is found that sphingomyelin (choline‐labeled) accumulated in myelin‐rich subfractions only at 6 and 24 h, whereas phosphatidylserine (glycerol‐ labeled) and plasmalogen (ethanolamine‐labeling) accumulate in the myelin-rich fractions by 1 h, consistent with the notion that the targeting of sphingomeelin, a lipid present in the outer myelin leaflet, is different from the
GliaCellular expression of an HMGCR promoter‐CAT fusion gene in transgenic mouse brain: Evidence for a developmental regulation in oligodendrocytes
11 Citations1994E. Duhamel‐Clerin, Henri Villarroya +5 more
This study showed a normal sequence of differentiation in the transgenic oligodendroglial cell lineage and demonstrated a strict correlation between late differentiation and activation of the CAT gene in these cells: CAT expression started in transgenic Ols between galactocerebroside (GC)‐ positive and myelin basic protein (MBP)‐positive stages and was detected in MBP‐positive cells during the myelination period.
Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesPosttranscriptional Events in the Expression of Myelin Protein Genes<sup>a</sup>
11 Citations1990Anthony T. Campagnoni, Joseph M. Verdi +2 more
Analysis of the effect of steroids on cRNAs produced from engineered MBP cDNA constructs has permitted the identification of a nine nucleotide element involved in this steroid modulation within the 5' untranslated region of the MBP mRNA.
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11 Citations1994Waxman Sg, Black Ja +2 more
Manipulation of glial cell properties may emerge as a viable strategy for promoting the recovery of conduction in CNS white matter axons following demyelination.
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The results of nerve conduction velocities, evoked potentials and EEGs in adrenoleukodystrophy, metachromatic leukody Strophy and Pelizaeus Merzbacher's disease are discussed and the pathophysiology of the slowed peripheral and central impulse conduction is discussed.
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Two independent mechanisms for the entry of lipids into the myelin sheath would work separately, though not necessarily independently, to deploy different lipids in the cytoplasmic and external sides, respectively, of the ‘asymmetric’ bilayer membrane.
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7 Citations1992Robert G. Farrer, Joyce A. Benjamins
Results show that a monensin‐sensitive mode of transport is responsible for the translocation of most newly synthesized gangliosides into myelin, reflecting the larger pool size and slower turnover rate exhibited by myelin components.
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